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Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science... Jul 2020Arcobacter butzleri, recently emended to the Aliarcobacter butzleri comb. nov., is an emerging pathogen causing enteritis, severe diarrhea, septicaemia, and bacteraemia... (Review)
Review
Arcobacter butzleri, recently emended to the Aliarcobacter butzleri comb. nov., is an emerging pathogen causing enteritis, severe diarrhea, septicaemia, and bacteraemia in humans and enteritis, stillbirth, and abortion in animals. Since its recognition as emerging pathogen on 2002, advancements have been made in elucidating its pathogenicity and epidemiology, also thanks to advent of genomics, which, moreover, contributed in emending its taxonomy. In this review, we provide an overview of the up-to-date taxonomy, ecology, and pathogenicity of this emerging pathogen. Moreover, the implication of A. butzleri in the safety of foods is pinpointed, and culture-dependent and independent detection, identification, and typing methods as well as strategies to control and prevent the survival and growth of this pathogen are provided.
Topics: Animals; Arcobacter; Food Microbiology; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans
PubMed: 33337088
DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12577 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2022Bivalve shellfish consumption (ark shells, clams, cockles, and oysters) has increased over the last decades. Following this trend, infectious disease outbreaks... (Review)
Review
Bivalve shellfish consumption (ark shells, clams, cockles, and oysters) has increased over the last decades. Following this trend, infectious disease outbreaks associated with their consumption have been reported more frequently. Molluscs are a diverse group of organisms found wild and farmed. They are common on our tables, but unfortunately, despite their great taste, they can also pose a threat as a potential vector for numerous species of pathogenic microorganisms. Clams, in particular, might be filled with pathogens because of their filter-feeding diet. This specific way of feeding favors the accumulation of excessive amounts of pathogenic microorganisms like spp., including and , , spp., and fecal coliforms, and intestinal enterococci. The problems of pathogen dissemination and disease outbreaks caused by exogenous bacteria in many geographical regions quickly became an unwanted effect of globalized food supply chains, global climate change, and natural pathogen transmission dynamics. Moreover, some pathogens like spp., with high zoonotic potential, are spreading worldwide along with food transport. These bacteria, contained in food, are also responsible for the potential transmission of antibiotic-resistance genes to species belonging to the human microbiota. Finally, they end up in wastewater, thus colonizing new areas, which enables them to introduce new antibiotic-resistance genes (ARG) into the environment and extend the existing spectrum of ARGs already present in local biomes. Foodborne pathogens require modern methods of detection. Similarly, detecting ARGs is necessary to prevent resistance dissemination in new environments, thus preventing future outbreaks, which could threaten associated consumers and workers in the food processing industry.
PubMed: 36699600
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1061223 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Jun 2024Arcobacter butzleri is a foodborne pathogen that mainly causes enteritis in humans, but the number of cases of bacteraemia has increased in recent years. However, there...
Arcobacter butzleri is a foodborne pathogen that mainly causes enteritis in humans, but the number of cases of bacteraemia has increased in recent years. However, there is still limited knowledge on the pathogenic mechanisms of this bacterium. To investigate how A. butzleri causes disease, single knockout mutants were constructed in the cadF, ABU_RS00335, ciaB, and flaAB genes, which might be involved in adhesion and invasion properties. These mutants and the isogenic wild-type (WT) were then tested for their ability to adhere and invade human Caco-2 and HT29-MTX cells. The adhesion and invasion of A. butzleri RM4018 strain was also visualized by a Leica CTR 6500 confocal microscope. The adhesion and invasion abilities of mutants lacking the invasion antigen CiaB or a functional flagellum were lower than those of the WTs. However, the extent of the decrease varied depending on the strain and/or cell line. Mutants lacking the fibronectin (FN)-binding protein CadF consistently exhibited reduced abilities, while the inactivation of the other studied FN-binding protein, ABU_RS00335, led to a reduction in only one of the two strains tested. Therefore, the ciaB and flaAB genes appear to be important for A. butzleri adhesion and invasion properties, while cadF appears to be indispensable.
PubMed: 38880315
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106752 -
Enfermedades Infecciosas Y... Mar 2023Arcobacter butzleri is a gram-negative rod, with microaerobic growth at an optimal temperature of 37°C. It was reported to be the fourth most common Campylobacter-like...
BACKGROUND
Arcobacter butzleri is a gram-negative rod, with microaerobic growth at an optimal temperature of 37°C. It was reported to be the fourth most common Campylobacter-like organism isolated from patients with diarrhoea.
OBJECTIVE
Characterise a potential outbreak of A. butzleri detected in a short period of time in the University Hospital Marqués de Valdecilla.
METHODS
Eight strains of A. butzleri were detected in our hospital in only two months. Isolates were identified by MALDI-TOF MS system and 16S rDNA sequencing. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-PCR (ERIC-PCR) and Pulsed Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) were carried out to assess clonal relationship. Gradient strips (Etest) were used to determine susceptibility by agar diffusion.
RESULTS
ERIC-PCR and PFGE confirmed the lack of clonal relationship between strains. Erythromycin or ciprofloxacin might be appropriate for antibiotic treatment of infections.
CONCLUSIONS
A. butzleri is an emerging pathogen with increasing incidence, and may be underestimated.
Topics: Humans; Arcobacter; Campylobacter; Ciprofloxacin; Disease Outbreaks; Enterobacteriaceae; Hospitals, University
PubMed: 36870733
DOI: 10.1016/j.eimce.2021.10.012 -
Revista Espanola de Quimioterapia :... Feb 2020
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Arcobacter; Bacteriological Techniques; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests
PubMed: 31895525
DOI: 10.37201/req/060.2019 -
Microorganisms Jun 2022, the most prevalent species of the genus, has the demonstrated ability to adhere to various surfaces through biofilm production. The biofilm formation capability has...
, the most prevalent species of the genus, has the demonstrated ability to adhere to various surfaces through biofilm production. The biofilm formation capability has been related to the expression of certain genes, which have not been characterized in . In order to increase the knowledge of this foodborne pathogen, the aim of this study was to assess the role of six biofilm-associated genes in campylobacteria (, , , , and ) in the biofilm formation ability of . Knockout mutants were constructed from different foodborne isolates, and static biofilm assays were conducted on polystyrene (PS), reinforced glass and stainless steel. Additionally, motility and Congo red binding assays were performed. In general, mutants in , and showed a decrease in the biofilm production irrespective of the surface; mutants in showed an increase on stainless steel, and mutants in and showed a decrease on reinforced glass but an increase on PS. Our work sheds light on the biofilm-related pathogenesis of , although future studies are necessary to achieve a satisfactory objective.
PubMed: 35888999
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10071280 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... Sep 2019The Campylobacter and Arcobacter genera encompass closely related species that are ubiquitous in nature and are harboured in the gastrointestinal tract of many animals,... (Review)
Review
The Campylobacter and Arcobacter genera encompass closely related species that are ubiquitous in nature and are harboured in the gastrointestinal tract of many animals, including food-producing animals (cattle, sheep, pigs and poultry). In humans Campylobacter spp. is the cause of most of the gastroenteritis cases worldwide and in more severe cases the infection can result in Guillian Barré syndrome. Similarly, Arcobacter species can cause gastroenteritis as well as bacteraemia. Infections in humans can be induced by the consumption of contaminated vegetables, meat, milk and water. However, food originating from animals, especially meat, has been recognised as a source of infection, in fact, poultry meat and meat products have been globally reported as the main source of infection. It is clear that food-producing animals are important reservoirs for Campylobacter and Arcobacter species, which implies successful colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract at primary production and contamination during the slaughter process. During slaughter the evisceration step has been recognised as the most likely point of contamination, as accidental spillage of intestinal fluid and rapture of gastrointestinal tract can occur. Therefore, improper hygienic practices can ultimately allow for the contamination of finished/retail products intended for human consumption. This literature review will seek to explore the infection of food-producing animals with Campylobacter and Arcobacter species at primary production and contamination during the slaughter of food-producing animals.
Topics: Animals; Arcobacter; Campylobacter; Campylobacter Infections; Cattle; Disinfection; Food Contamination; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Foodborne Diseases; Gastrointestinal Tract; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Meat; Milk; Poultry; Prevalence; Sheep; Skin; Swine
PubMed: 31493271
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-019-2722-x -
Microbiology Spectrum Aug 2022Aliarcobacter butzleri is an emerging gastrointestinal pathogen found in many countries worldwide. In France, it has become the third most commonly isolated bacterial...
Aliarcobacter butzleri is an emerging gastrointestinal pathogen found in many countries worldwide. In France, it has become the third most commonly isolated bacterial species from the stools of patients with intestinal infections. No interpretative criteria for antimicrobial susceptibility testing have been proposed for A. butzleri, and most strains are categorized using the recommendations of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute or the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing for Campylobacter or . In the present study, the genomes of 30 resistant A. butzleri isolates were analyzed to propose specific epidemiological cut-off values for ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline. The identification of a β-lactamase and the T85I GyrA mutation associated with ampicillin and ciprofloxacin resistance, respectively, allowed us to adjust the disk diffusion (DD) and MIC cut-off values for these molecules. However, epidemiological cut-off values for erythromycin and tetracycline could not be estimated due to the absence of known resistance mechanisms. The present study paves the way for building a consensus for antimicrobial susceptibility testing for this concerning pathogen. Aliarcobacter butzleri is an emerging and concerning intestinal pathogen. Very few studies have focused on this particular species, and antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) is based on methods that have been mostly developed for Campylobacter spp. In fact, no disk diffusion and E-tests adapted cut-offs for A. butzleri are available which leads to misinterpretations. We have shown here that NGS approach to identify genes and mutations in close relation to phenotypic resistance levels is a robust way to solve that issue and precisely differentiate WT and NWT A. butzleri isolates for frequently used antimicrobials. MIC and DD cut-off values have been significantly adjusted and answer the need for a global consensus regarding AST for A. butzleri.
Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Arcobacter; Ciprofloxacin; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Erythromycin; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Tetracycline
PubMed: 35862990
DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01003-22 -
Case Reports in Infectious Diseases 2022is an emerging enteric pathogen increasingly identified in Europe and is likely under-reported in other global regions. We describe to our knowledge the first case...
BACKGROUND
is an emerging enteric pathogen increasingly identified in Europe and is likely under-reported in other global regions. We describe to our knowledge the first case report of in an AIDS patient, along with the first documented local (Singapore) case of infection. . A 38-year-old AIDS patient presented with diarrhoea of 2 weeks' duration. Stool cultures yielded . The patient was treated with 3 days of ciprofloxacin with clinical resolution of diarrhoea.
CONCLUSION
is likely to be present, although under-reported in AIDS patients, and it should be noted as a pathogen of increasing significance.
PubMed: 35847602
DOI: 10.1155/2022/6983094 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023In recent years, has gained clinical significance as an emerging diarrheagenic pathogen associated with poultry and water reservoirs. The full clinical significance of...
In recent years, has gained clinical significance as an emerging diarrheagenic pathogen associated with poultry and water reservoirs. The full clinical significance of remains rather speculative due to variable virulence and antibiotic susceptibility of individual strains. The aims of the present study were (i) to identify antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in the genome sequences of two multidrug-resistant isolates, (ii) to use multilocus-sequence typing (MLST) to generate a guiding phylogeny of isolates collected in Kumasi, Ghana, (iii) to examine the distribution of ARGs in the test cohort, and (iv) to assess the strain's virulence and possible antibiotic treatment options for arcobacteriosis based on the genome sequences and the ARG distribution. A total of 48 A isolates obtained from poultry were included in the analysis. These isolates were genotyped by MLST and the antibiotic susceptibilities of isolates to ampicillin, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, gentamicin, and erythromycin were tested by disk diffusion. Whole genome sequence data of two multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were obtained by a combination of single-molecule real-time (SMRT) and Illumina sequencing technology. A total of 14 ARGs were identified in the two generated genome sequences. For all 48 isolates, the frequency of these 14 ARGs was investigated by PCR or amplicon sequencing. With 44 different sequence types found among 48 isolates, strains were phylogenetically heterogeneous. Four of 48 isolates showed an ARG constellation indicating a multidrug-resistant phenotype. The virulence genes in the two genomes showed that the species might be characterized by a somewhat lower virulence as species. The phenotypic susceptibility data combined with the distribution of the particular ARGs especially and the T81I point mutation of the quinolone resistance determining region (QRDR) in a significant percentage of isolates indicated that macrolides and tetracycline can be recommended for calculated antibiotic treatment of arcobacteriosis in Ghana, but not ampicillin and quinolones.
Topics: Animals; Poultry; Arcobacter; Multilocus Sequence Typing; Ghana; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Tetracycline
PubMed: 36761899
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1094067