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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences :... Dec 2021is an emerging foodborne pathogen worldwide. In this study, the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of from different sources were...
is an emerging foodborne pathogen worldwide. In this study, the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and genetic characteristics of from different sources were investigated. Eighteen isolates were obtained from 60 raw chicken meat samples (16/60, 27%) and 150 patients with diarrhea (2/150, 1.3%). The resistance ratios to nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, and florfenicol were 83.33% (15/18), 38.89% (7/18), 38.89% (7/18), 33.33% (6/18) and 33.33% (6/18), respectively. We performed whole genome sequencing of the 18 isolates, and we predicted antibiotic resistance genes and virulence factors by using assembled genomes through blastx analysis. Two resistance genes, and (H), and the C254T mutation in , were identified in the genomes of some resistant isolates. Furthermore, virulence genes, such as , , , , , , , , , , and , were found in all strains, whereas , and were found in only some strains. Phylogenetic tree analysis of isolates on the basis of the core-genome single nucleotide polymorphisms showed that two isolates from patients with diarrhea clustered together, separately from the isolates from raw chicken and the chicken strains. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of isolated in Beijing.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Arcobacter; Chickens; Diarrhea; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Male; Meat; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phylogeny; Poultry Diseases; Virulence; Virulence Factors
PubMed: 34981728
DOI: 10.3967/bes2021.139 -
Microorganisms Dec 2022is an emergent gram-negative enteropathogenic bacterium widespread in different environments and hosts. During the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, bacteria...
is an emergent gram-negative enteropathogenic bacterium widespread in different environments and hosts. During the colonization of the gastrointestinal tract, bacteria face a variety of environmental conditions to successfully establish infection in a new host. One of these challenges is the fluctuation of oxygen concentrations encountered not only throughout the host gastrointestinal tract and defences but also in the food industry. Oxygen fluctuations can lead to modulations in the virulence of the bacterium and possibly increase its pathogenic potential. In this sense, eight human isolates of were studied to evaluate the effects of microaerobic and aerobic atmospheric conditions in stressful host conditions, such as oxidative stress, acid survival, and human serum survival. In addition, the effects on the modulation of virulence traits, such as haemolytic activity, bacterial motility, biofilm formation ability, and adhesion and invasion of the Caco-2 cell line, were also investigated. Overall, aerobic conditions negatively affected the susceptibility to oxygen reactive species and biofilm formation ability but improved the isolates' haemolytic ability and motility while other traits showed an isolate-dependent response. In summary, this work demonstrates for the first time that oxygen levels can modulate the potential pathogenicity of , although the response to stressful conditions was very heterogeneous among different strains.
PubMed: 36557662
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10122409 -
Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) May 2023Due to the lack of knowledge about in the Chilean poultry industry, the objective of this research was to know the prevalence, resistance, and genotypes of , and in...
Due to the lack of knowledge about in the Chilean poultry industry, the objective of this research was to know the prevalence, resistance, and genotypes of , and in 382 samples of chicken meat purchased in Valdivia, Chile. The samples were analyzed using three isolation protocols. Resistance to four antibiotics was evaluated by phenotypic methods. Genomic analyses were performed on selected resistant strains to detect resistance determinants and their genotypes. A total of 59.2% of the samples were positive. (37.4%) was the most prevalent species, followed by (19.6%), (11.3%), (3.7%) and (1.3%). (14%) was detected by PCR in a subset of samples. was resistant to ciprofloxacin (37.3%) and tetracycline (20%), while and were resistant to ciprofloxacin (55.8% and 2.8%), erythromycin (16.3% and 0.7%) and tetracycline (4.7% and 2.8%), respectively. Molecular determinants were consistent with phenotypic resistance. The genotypes of (CC-21, CC-48, CC-49, CC-257, CC-353, CC-443, CC-446 and CC-658) and (CC-828) coincided with genotypes of Chilean clinical strains. These findings suggest that besides and , chicken meat could play a role in the transmission of other pathogenic and antibiotic-resistant
PubMed: 37237819
DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050917 -
Applied and Environmental Microbiology Oct 2020In September 2018, Hurricane Florence caused extreme flooding in eastern North Carolina, USA, a region highly dense in concentrated animal production, especially swine...
Search for spp. Reveals High Prevalence and Pronounced Genetic Diversity of Arcobacter butzleri in Floodwater Samples Associated with Hurricane Florence in North Carolina, USA.
In September 2018, Hurricane Florence caused extreme flooding in eastern North Carolina, USA, a region highly dense in concentrated animal production, especially swine and poultry. In this study, floodwater samples ( = 96) were collected as promptly post-hurricane as possible and for up to approximately 30 days and selectively enriched for using Bolton broth enrichment and isolation on modified charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (mCCDA) microaerobically at 42°C. Only one sample yielded , which was found to be with the novel sequence type 2866 (ST-2866). However, the methods employed to isolate readily yielded from 73.5% of the floodwater samples. The isolates failed to grow on Mueller-Hinton agar at 25, 30, 37, or 42°C microaerobically or aerobically but could be readily subcultured on mCCDA at 42°C microaerobically. Multilocus sequence typing of 112 isolates indicated that all were The majority (85.7%) of the isolates exhibited novel sequence types (STs), with 66 novel STs identified. Several STs, including certain novel ones, were detected in diverse waterbody types (channel, isolated ephemeral pools, floodplain) and from multiple watersheds, suggesting the potential for regionally dominant strains. The genotypes were clearly partitioned into two major clades, one with high representation of human and ruminant isolates and another with an abundance of swine and poultry isolates. Surveillance of environmental waters and food animal production systems in this animal agriculture-dense region is needed to assess potential regional prevalence and temporal stability of the observed strains as well as their potential association with specific types of food animal production. Climate change and associated extreme weather events can have massive impacts on the prevalence of microbial pathogens in floodwaters. However, limited data are available on foodborne zoonotic pathogens such as or in hurricane-associated floodwaters in rural regions with intensive animal production. With a high density of intensive animal production as well as pronounced vulnerability to hurricanes, eastern North Carolina presents unique opportunities in this regard. Our findings revealed widespread incidence of the emerging zoonotic pathogen in floodwaters from Hurricane Florence. We encountered high and largely unexplored diversity while also noting the potential for regionally abundant and persistent clones. We noted pronounced partitioning of the floodwater genotypes into two source-associated clades. The data will contribute to elucidating the poorly understood ecology of this emerging pathogen and highlight the importance of surveillance of floodwaters associated with hurricanes and other extreme weather events for and other zoonotic pathogens.
Topics: Arcobacter; Campylobacter jejuni; Cyclonic Storms; Floods; Genotype; Multilocus Sequence Typing; North Carolina; Rivers
PubMed: 32769187
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.01118-20 -
PloS One 2020The aim of the study was to detect and genetically characterize Arcobacter butzleri in pet red-footed tortoises suspected for Campylobacter spp., using molecular...
Molecular detection and genetic characterization of Arcobacter butzleri isolated from red-footed pet tortoises suspected for Campylobacter spp. from Grenada, West Indies.
The aim of the study was to detect and genetically characterize Arcobacter butzleri in pet red-footed tortoises suspected for Campylobacter spp., using molecular techniques. A written consent from tortoise owners was obtained, after explaining the advantages of the research to tortoise owners of Grenada. Fecal samples were collected from 114 tortoises from five parishes of the country and cultured for Campylobacter spp. using selective culture techniques. A. butzleri was isolated from 4.39% of pet tortoises. Total thirteen isolates were obtained; all identified as A. butzleri by a universal and a species-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. Genetic characterization of these isolates was performed based on Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus PCR (ERIC-PCR) that generated eight different genetic fingerprints with a discriminatory power of 0.91. Campylobacter species were not detected molecularly in any of the culture-positive samples. This is the first report of infection of pet tortoises in Grenada, West Indies with A. butzleri. This study emphasizes on the risk of zoonotic transmission of A. butzleri by exotic pets, which is a serious concern for public health.
Topics: Animals; Arcobacter; Campylobacter; DNA Fingerprinting; DNA, Bacterial; Feces; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid; Turtles
PubMed: 32176736
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230390 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2019The Campylobacterota, previously known as Epsilonproteobacteria, are a large group of Gram-negative mainly, spiral-shaped motile bacteria. Some members like the spp.... (Review)
Review
The Campylobacterota, previously known as Epsilonproteobacteria, are a large group of Gram-negative mainly, spiral-shaped motile bacteria. Some members like the spp. are free-living, while others such as spp. can only persist in strict association with a host organism as commensal or as pathogen. Species of this phylum colonize diverse habitats ranging from deep-sea thermal vents to the human stomach wall. Despite their divergent environments, they share common energy conservation mechanisms. The Campylobacterota have a large and remarkable repertoire of electron transport chain enzymes, given their small genomes. Although members of recognized families of transcriptional regulators are found in these genomes, sofar no orthologs known to be important for energy or redox metabolism such as ArcA, FNR or NarP are encoded in the genomes of the Campylobacterota. In this review, we discuss the strategies that members of Campylobacterota utilize to conserve energy and the corresponding regulatory mechanisms that regulate the branched electron transport chains in these bacteria.
PubMed: 31417516
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.01719 -
Infectious Diseases Now Sep 2021The first case of acute watery diarrhea disease due to Aliarcobacter butzleri (formerly Arcobacter butzleri) in Ecuador is reported. An infant presented with moderate...
The first case of acute watery diarrhea disease due to Aliarcobacter butzleri (formerly Arcobacter butzleri) in Ecuador is reported. An infant presented with moderate protein-calorie malnutrition, dehydration and anemia. A curved Gram-negative organism was isolated from stools, having been preliminarily identified by phenotypic characteristics. Definitive identification was achieved by multiplex PCR. Aliarcobacter butzleri was the only pathogenic microorganism isolated. No other entero-pathogens, enterovirus or parasites were found. Our findings strongly suggest that in this specific case, A. butzleri was the etiological agent. Further investigations are needed to develop standardized diagnostic protocols and to establish the prevalence and significance of Aliarcobacter infections in humans.
Topics: Arcobacter; Diarrhea; Ecuador; Feces; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Infant
PubMed: 34486524
DOI: 10.1016/j.idnow.2020.12.002 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023was recognized as an emerging enteropathogen and controversies regarding its classification persisted. This study aimed to reevaluate the taxonomy of utilizing the 16S...
was recognized as an emerging enteropathogen and controversies regarding its classification persisted. This study aimed to reevaluate the taxonomy of utilizing the 16S rRNA gene, 23S rRNA gene, single-copy orthologous genes, as well as genomic indices such as Average Nucleotide Identity (ANI) and DNA-DNA hybridization (). The taxonomy of this genus was reevaluated in this study using multiple indices with a dataset of 371 genomes comprising 34 known species and 14 potentially new species. Good discrimination could be achieved only in some species but not for the species with higher sequence similarity using the comparisons of the 16S rRNA gene and 23S rRNA gene sequences. A high-accuracy phylogenomic approach for was established using 84 single-copy orthologous genes obtained through various bioinformatics methods. One marker gene (gene711), which was found to possess the same distinguishing ability as ANI, and single-copy orthologous methods, was identified as a reliable locus for inferring the phylogeny of the genus. The effective species classification was achieved by employing gene711 with a sequence similarity exceeding 96%, even for species like , , and , which exhibited ambiguous classification using ANI and . Additionally, excellent subspecies categorizing among could be distinguished using gene711. In conclusion, this framework strategy had the potential advantage of developing rapid species identification, particularly for highly variable species, providing a novel insight into the behavior and characteristics of .
PubMed: 37881248
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1278268 -
Microbial Pathogenesis Sep 2021The microbial community's structure and functions determine the health, quality, and anthropogenic conditions of the river ecosystems. The presence of Bacteria such as...
The microbial community's structure and functions determine the health, quality, and anthropogenic conditions of the river ecosystems. The presence of Bacteria such as Arcobacter spp, Escherichia spp, and Campylobacters spp, have been shown to reflect the poor water quality of rivers. Apprehension of the microbial community in polluted water bodies is significant because it affects human health and the environment. Culture-independent metagenomic and metatranscriptomic approaches employed in the current study of the Cooum river unraveled the taxonomic classification of diverse microbes, including archaea, bacteria, viruses, and phages. The presence of abundant Macellibacteroides fermentans, Arcobacter bivolvorium, Arcobacter butzleri, Methanothrix soenhngeii, and Bacteroides graminisolvens were noted. Viruses and phages like Caudovirales, Human mastadenovirus C, Siphoviridae, Escherichia phage, Erwinia phage, Synechoccus phage, and Vibrio phage were relatively predominant. Various metabolic pathways like methane, sulfur, and nitrogen metabolism adopted by the microbiome confer dangerous gases. Mechanisms such as secretory systems, signal transduction, Chemotaxis, quorum sensing, transportation of chemicals and ions were significantly enriched. The microbes expressed antimicrobial resistance mechanisms as identified from the genes encoding beta-lactamase enzymes and aminoglycoside phosphotransferase enzymes. Metal resistance mechanisms against copper, tellurium, chromium, and cadmium were plentiful. Presence of human pathogens interactions with Yersinia pestis, Campylobacter jejuni, Escherichia coli, Helicobacter pylori, and Francisella tularensis subsp. tularensis suggested the possibilities of transmission of pathogenesis to humans. The current study is the first to apprehend the detailed microbiome composition of one of the highly polluted rivers in South India. The study elaborated the microbiome's structure, functions, and metabolic potential at a specific site of the polluted river.
Topics: Bacteroides; Bacteroidetes; Francisella; Humans; Microbiota; Rivers; Virulence
PubMed: 34139279
DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2021.105048 -
World Journal of Microbiology &... May 2023Arcobacter spp. has gained clinical significance as an emerging diarrheagenic pathogen associated with water reservoirs in recent years. The complete clinical...
Arcobacter spp. has gained clinical significance as an emerging diarrheagenic pathogen associated with water reservoirs in recent years. The complete clinical significance of Arcobacter remains rather speculative due to the virulence and antibiotic susceptibility of individual strains. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of Arcobacter spp. in fish, water, and shellfish. A total of 150 samples were collected from the Adana, Kayseri and Kahramanmaras provinces in Turkey. Arcobacter spp. was isolated from 32 (21%) of the 150 samples. The most prevalent species was A. cryaerophilus, 17 (56%), A. butzleri 13 (37%) and A. lacus 2 (6%). As a result, the ratios of the mviN, irgA, pldA, tlyA and hecA target genes were found as 17 (51%), 1 (3%), 7 (23%), 7 (23%), 1 (3%), respectively. While bla OXA-61, tetO and tetW were positive in all isolates, were found as mcr1/2/6, mcr3/7, and mcr5, genes %37.5, %25, and %34.3, respectively. Although in A. butzleri was found 10 (58%), 1 (3%), 3 (43%), 2 (28%) (mviN, irgA, pldA, and tlyA, respectively) virulence genes 7 (42%), 4 (57%), 5 (72%), 1 (3%) was found (mviN, irgA, tlyA, and hecA, respectively) virulence genes in A. cryoaerophilus. Moreover, was found for the mcr 1/2/6 7 (58%) genes, for the mcr 3/7 genes 3 (38%) in A. butzleri. In A. cryoaerophilus was found for the mcr 1/2/6 genes 5 (42%), for the mcr 3/7 genes 5 (62%), and for the mcr 5 gene 10 (100%). Thus, the current study indicated that the existence of Arcobacter spp. isolated from fish and mussel samples may pose a potential risk to public health.
Topics: Animals; Virulence; Virulence Factors; Arcobacter; Water; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Seafood; Drug Resistance, Microbial
PubMed: 37147408
DOI: 10.1007/s11274-023-03547-x