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Applied and Environmental Microbiology Oct 2020Rapid and accurate identification of is of great importance because it is considered an emerging food- and waterborne pathogen and potential zoonotic agent. Raman...
Rapid and accurate identification of is of great importance because it is considered an emerging food- and waterborne pathogen and potential zoonotic agent. Raman spectroscopy can differentiate bacteria based on Raman scattering spectral patterns of whole cells in a fast, reagentless, and easy-to-use manner. We aimed to detect and discriminate bacteria at the species level using confocal micro-Raman spectroscopy (785 nm) coupled with neural networks. A total of 82 reference and field isolates of 18 species from clinical, environmental, and agri-food sources were included. We determined that the bacterial cultivation time and growth temperature did not significantly influence the Raman spectral reproducibility and discrimination capability. The genus could be successfully differentiated from the closely related genera and using principal-component analysis. For the identification of to the species level, an accuracy of 97.2% was achieved for all 18 species using Raman spectroscopy combined with a convolutional neural network (CNN). The predictive capability of Raman-CNN was further validated using an independent data set of 12 strains. Furthermore, a Raman spectroscopy-based fully connected artificial neural network (ANN) was constructed to determine the actual ratio of a specific species in a bacterial mixture ranging from 5% to 100% by biomass (regression coefficient >0.99). The application of both CNN and fully connected ANN improved the accuracy of Raman spectroscopy for bacterial species determination compared to the conventional chemometrics. This newly developed approach enables rapid identification and species determination of within an hour following cultivation. Rapid identification of bacterial pathogens is critical for developing an early warning system and performing epidemiological investigation. is an emerging foodborne pathogen and has become more important in recent decades. The incidence of species in the agro-ecosystem is probably underestimated mainly due to the limitation in the available detection and characterization techniques. Raman spectroscopy combined with machine learning can accurately identify at the species level in a rapid and reliable manner, providing a promising tool for epidemiological surveillance of this microbe in the agri-food chain. The knowledge elicited from this study has the potential to be used for routine bacterial screening and diagnostics by the government, food industry, and clinics.
Topics: Arcobacter; Bacteriological Techniques; Neural Networks, Computer; Spectrum Analysis, Raman
PubMed: 32801186
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00924-20 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021This review maps the global research landscape of the public health implications of from the food-environment interphase using content analytics and integrated science... (Review)
Review
This review maps the global research landscape of the public health implications of from the food-environment interphase using content analytics and integrated science mapping. The search term "Arcobacter" was used to retrieve relevant articles published in Web of Science and Scopus between 1991 to 2019. The number of articles included in the review was 524, with 1304 authors, 172 journal sources, and a collaborative index of 2.55. The annual growth rate of the publications was 9.74%. The most contributing author in the field was Houf K., with 40 publications, 26 h-index, and 2020 total citations. The most productive country was the USA (13.33%). The majority of the articles were published in English (96%) and in the Journal of Food Protection (8.02%). The highest research outputs were in the field of Microbiology (264). The frequently occurred keywords were , poultry, shellfish, cattle, and chicken. This study revealed a fair increase in the growth rate of -related research-especially in the area of isolation and detection of the pathogen in foods and food environments, as well as the pathogenesis and genetic diversity of the pathogen. Research themes in the area of prevalence and epidemiology seem to be underexplored.
PubMed: 34359542
DOI: 10.3390/foods10071673 -
Journal of Advanced Veterinary and... Jun 2023, , , and are significant foodborne pathogens regarding the consumption of raw poultry meat. An existing survey was conducted to assess the occurrence of , , , and in...
OBJECTIVE
, , , and are significant foodborne pathogens regarding the consumption of raw poultry meat. An existing survey was conducted to assess the occurrence of , , , and in raw poultry meat samples.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ninety-four raw ostrich, turkey, chicken, and quail meat samples were collected and subjected to culture-based analysis. , , , and isolates were confirmed by standard biochemical techniques.
RESULTS
The occurrence of , , , and in poultry meat samples was 11.45%, 17.70%, 1.04%, and 16.66%, respectively. was absent in chicken, turkey, and ostrich meat samples. Only one quail meat (4.16%) was positive for . The uppermost contamination rate with , , and was found in chicken (25%), turkey (25%), and turkey (25%) meat samples, respectively. The concurrent occurrence of + + bacteria amid the examined poultry meat samples was 2.08%.
CONCLUSION
This is an initial report of , , and in poultry meat samples. Adequate cooking of poultry meat can diminish foodborne diseases due to , , , and bacteria, and these species may constitute a public health problem.
PubMed: 37534081
DOI: 10.5455/javar.2023.j670 -
International Journal of Systematic and... Nov 2019Two strains (RW43-9 and RW17-10) recovered from secondary treated wastewater from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in Reus (Spain) were characterized by a...
Two strains (RW43-9 and RW17-10) recovered from secondary treated wastewater from the Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in Reus (Spain) were characterized by a polyphasic taxonomic study, showing evidence that they represented two novel species. Based on the 16S rRNA gene for strain RW43-9, the closest relative was LMG 10828 (99.9 % similarity), while for strain RW17-10 it was CECT 7836 (99.4 %). Additionally, multilocus phylogenetic analysis of five concatenated housekeeping genes (, , , and ) showed that the two strains formed separate branches that are different from known species. Whole genome sequences of the two strains (RW43-9 and RW17-10) were obtained and they were compared with those of the type strains of their nearest species. Using average nucleotide identity and DNA-DNA hybridization gave values that were below 96 and 70 %, respectively. These results clearly confirm that they represent novel species. Additionally, the phenotypic characterization of the strains allowed their differentiation from other species. Therefore, the strains are proposed as representing two novel species with the names sp. nov. (type strain RW43-9=CECT 8994=LMG 29062) and sp. nov. (type strain RW17-10=CECT 9140=LMG 29151).
Topics: Arcobacter; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; DNA, Bacterial; Fatty Acids; Genes, Bacterial; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spain; Wastewater; Water Microbiology; Water Purification
PubMed: 30394871
DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003101 -
BMC Veterinary Research Jul 2019Infectious abortion in ruminants is a problem in animal husbandry worldwide. It is important to obtain a diagnosis, to make sure that proper control measures can be...
BACKGROUND
Infectious abortion in ruminants is a problem in animal husbandry worldwide. It is important to obtain a diagnosis, to make sure that proper control measures can be instituted, but most abortion cases remain without an etiologic diagnosis. This report describes the presence of Arcobacter species and several neglected opportunistic abortifacient agents in ruminant abortion cases showing or not co-infections among at least one of the major recognized protozoal, fungal, bacterial and viral abortifacient agents.
RESULTS
A total of 67 fetuses (55 cattle and 12 goats) and just one placenta (cattle) were considered. Among the most common abortive agents, Neospora caninum (19,4%), followed by Chlamydophila abortus (4,5%), Listeria monocytogenes 1/2a (2,98%), Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus type 1b (2,98%), Bovine herpesvirus 4 (2,98%), and Aspergillus spp. (2,98%) were detected. The isolated neglected opportunistic bacteria include Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter lwoffii, Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus suis, Trueperella pyogenes, Mannheimia haemolytica, Bacillus cereus and Nocardia spp. Other bacterial species, not associated with abortion by literature, but described as causes of diseases occurring sporadically both in humans and animals, were also detected. Three Arcobacter strains, namely two A. skirrowii and one A. cryaerophilus, were isolated from 3 bovine aborted fetuses, and A. butzleri was isolated from the placenta.
CONCLUSIONS
A not negligible isolation of Arcobacter species and other neglected abortifacient agents has to be mentioned, with prevalences that seem to be emerging and replacing or co-placing the major infectious players in bovine and caprine reproductive failure due to abortion disease, even if further studies investigating the aetiological power and transmission routes are needed in order to define the role of these microrganisms in ruminant abortion.
Topics: Aborted Fetus; Abortion, Veterinary; Animals; Arcobacter; Bacterial Infections; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Female; Goat Diseases; Goats; Italy; Mycoses; Opportunistic Infections; Parasitic Diseases, Animal; Placenta; Pregnancy; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 31340816
DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2009-3 -
BMC Microbiology Jan 2024Water is considered a source for the transmission of Arcobacter species to both humans and animals. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence, distribution, and...
BACKGROUND
Water is considered a source for the transmission of Arcobacter species to both humans and animals. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence, distribution, and pathogenicity of A. butzleri strains, which can potentially pose health risks to humans and animals. Cultures were isolated from surface waters of a mixed-use but predominately agricultural watershed in eastern Ontario, Canada. The detection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence-associated genes (VAGs), as well as enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) assays were performed on 913 A. butzleri strains isolated from 11 agricultural sampling sites.
RESULTS
All strains were resistant to one or more antimicrobial agents, with a high rate of resistance to clindamycin (99%) and chloramphenicol (77%), followed by azithromycin (48%) and nalidixic acid (49%). However, isolates showed a significantly (p < 0.05) high rate of susceptibility to tetracycline (1%), gentamycin (2%), ciprofloxacin (4%), and erythromycin (5%). Of the eight VAGs tested, ciaB, mviN, tlyA, and pldA were detected at high frequency (> 85%) compared to irgA (25%), hecB (19%), hecA (15%), and cj1349 (12%) genes. Co-occurrence analysis showed A. butzleri strains resistant to clindamycin, chloramphenicol, nalidixic acid, and azithromycin were positive for ciaB, tlyA, mviN and pldA VAGs. ERIC-PCR fingerprint analysis revealed high genetic similarity among strains isolated from three sites, and the genotypes were significantly associated with AMR and VAGs results, which highlight their potential environmental ubiquity and potential as pathogenic.
CONCLUSIONS
The study results show that agricultural activities likely contribute to the contamination of A. butzleri in surface water. The findings underscore the importance of farm management practices in controlling the potential spread of A. butzleri and its associated health risks to humans and animals through contaminated water.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Arcobacter; Canada; Azithromycin; Clindamycin; Virulence; Nalidixic Acid; Chloramphenicol; Enterobacteriaceae
PubMed: 38191309
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-03119-x -
International Journal of Food... Jul 2022Various species of the genus Arcobacter are regarded as emerging food pathogens and can be cause of human gastroenteric illness, among others. In order to gain knowledge...
Various species of the genus Arcobacter are regarded as emerging food pathogens and can be cause of human gastroenteric illness, among others. In order to gain knowledge on the risk associated with the presence of arcobacters in retail foods, this study aimed to determine their presence in a variety of products; to evaluate the genetic diversity and the occurrence of virulence and biofilm-associated genes in the isolated strains; and to assess their biofilm activity on polystyrene, borosilicate and stainless steel. Arcobacters were detected in the 22.3% of the analysed samples and the 83 recovered isolates were identified as A. butzleri (n = 53), A. cryaerophilus (n = 24), A. skirrowii (n = 2), A. thereius (n = 3) and A. vitoriensis (n = 1). They were isolated from virtually all tested food types, but mostly from squids and turkey meat (contamination levels of 60% and 40%, respectively). MLST differentiated 68 STs, most of which were novel (89.7%) and represented by a single strain (86.9%). Five novel STs were detected in various isolates derived from seafood, and the statistical analysis revealed their potential association with that type of food product (p < 0,001). All the isolates except one harboured virulence-associated genes and the highest incidence was noted for A. butzleri. Nineteen isolates (23.5%) were able to form biofilms on the different surfaces tested and, of note; glass enhanced the adhesion ability of the majority of them (84.2%). The results highlight the role that common food products can have in the transmission of Arcobacter spp., the pathogenic potential of the different species, and the survival and growth ability of several of them on different food contact surfaces. Therefore, the study provides interesting information regarding the risk arcobacters may pose to human health and the food industry.
Topics: Arcobacter; Biofilms; Food Microbiology; Humans; Meat; Multilocus Sequence Typing
PubMed: 35567892
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109712 -
Iranian Journal of Microbiology Dec 2020species are food-borne and zoonotic enteropathogens. Defined breakpoints for the investigation of antimicrobial resistance of are missing.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES
species are food-borne and zoonotic enteropathogens. Defined breakpoints for the investigation of antimicrobial resistance of are missing.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The study was performed to investigate the incidence and antimicrobial resistance of species in animals and poultry meat samples procured from slaughterhouses in Iran. To investigate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance, samples were collected from cattle (n=100), sheep (n=100), goat (n=100), broiler chicken (n=100), turkey (n=100) and quail (n=100). isolates of meat samples were isolated, investigated by PCR method and antibiotic resistance was also investigated. The susceptibility was assessed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion.
RESULTS
The results showed that 52 samples (8.66%) were positive for spp. The most prevalence were observed in broiler chickens (26%, n=26 samples), quail (13%, n=13 samples), turkey (8%, n=8), cattle (3%, n=3), sheep (1%, n=1) and goat (1%, n=1). had highest prevalence among species. All the isolates showed sensitivity to gentamicin, streptomycin and tetracycline.
CONCLUSION
Poultry meat is a potential source of infection with that must be considered in slaughterhouses in Iran. species showed sensitivity for a broad spectrum of antibiotics that can be used during infection with species.
PubMed: 33613907
DOI: 10.18502/ijm.v12i6.5027 -
Italian Journal of Food Safety Mar 2021Given that the number of foodborne illness outbreaks linked to the consumption of ready-to-eat vegetables has been widely documented and considering that data on the...
Given that the number of foodborne illness outbreaks linked to the consumption of ready-to-eat vegetables has been widely documented and considering that data on the occurrence of spp. in such foodstuffs are lacking, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of spp. and the occurrence of virulence factors as well as to genotype spp. in ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetable samples, using cultural and biomolecular assays. spp. was detected in 16/110 (14.5%) samples, with being detected in 15/16 and in 1/16 isolates. PCRs aimed at the nine putative virulence genes demonstrated widespread distribution of such genes among and isolates. In addition, multilocus sequence type (MLST) analysis revealed a low genetic diversity within the arcobacters isolates. The results underline the need to develop an appropriate surveillance system based on biomolecular characterization for an integrated microbiological risk assessment of ready-toeat vegetables, and consequently of composite foods.
PubMed: 33907683
DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2021.8585 -
Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex... Jan 2022Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are pointed as hotspots for the introduction of both commensal and pathogenic bacteria as well as their antibiotic resistance... (Review)
Review
Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents are pointed as hotspots for the introduction of both commensal and pathogenic bacteria as well as their antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in receiving water bodies. For the first time, the effect of partially treated submarine effluents was explored at the bottom and surface of the water column to provide a comprehensive overview of the structure of the microbiome and associated AR, and to assess environmental factors leading to their alteration. Seawater samples were collected over a 5-month period from submarine outfalls in central Adriatic Sea, Croatia. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing was used to establish taxonomic and resistome profiles of the bacterial communities. The community differences observed between the two discharge areas, especially in the abundance of Proteobacteria and Firmicutes, could be due to the origin of wastewaters treated in WWTPs and the limiting environmental conditions such as temperature and nutrients. PICRUSt2 analysis inferred the total content of ARGs in the studied microbiomes and showed the highest abundance of resistance genes encoding multidrug efflux pumps, such as MexAB-OprM, AcrEF-TolC and MdtEF-TolC, followed by the modified peptidoglycan precursors, transporter genes encoding tetracycline, macrolide and phenicol resistance, and the bla operon conferring β-lactam resistance. A number of pathogenic genera introduced by effluents, including Acinetobacter, Arcobacter, Bacteroides, Escherichia-Shigella, Klebsiella, Pseudomonas, and Salmonella, were predicted to account for the majority of efflux pump-driven multidrug resistance, while Acinetobacter, Salmonella, Bacteroides and Pseudomonas were also shown to be the predominant carriers of non-efflux ARGs conferring resistance to most of nine antibiotic classes. Taken together, we evidenced the negative impact of submarine discharges of treated effluents via alteration of physico-chemical characteristics of the water column and enrichment of bacterial community with nonindigenous taxa carrying an arsenal of ARGs, which could contribute to the further propagation of the AR in the natural environment.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Croatia; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Genes, Bacterial; Microbiota; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Wastewater
PubMed: 34619178
DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.118282