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Frontiers in Microbiology 2023The root-knot nematodes (RKN), especially spp., are globally emerging harmful animals for many agricultural crops.
INTRODUCTION
The root-knot nematodes (RKN), especially spp., are globally emerging harmful animals for many agricultural crops.
METHODS
To explore microbial agents for biological control of these nematodes, the microbial communities of the rhizosphere soils and roots of sponge gourd () infected and non-infected by nematodes, were investigated using culture-dependent and -independent methods.
RESULTS
Thirty-two culturable bacterial and eight fungal species, along with 10,561 bacterial and 2,427 fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs), were identified. Nine culturable bacterial species, 955 bacterial and 701 fungal OTUs were shared in both four groups. More culturable bacterial and fungal isolates were detected from the uninfected soils and roots than from the infected soils and roots (except no fungi detected from the uninfected roots), and among all samples, nine bacterial species ( sp., sp., , Enterobacteriaceae sp., , sp., Micrococcaceae sp., Rhizobiaceae sp., and sp.) were shared, with sp. and sp. being dominant. was exclusively present in the infested soils, while , , and sp., together with , sp., , and sp. were found only in the uninfected soils. , sp., , and sp. were only in the uninfected roots while sp. only in infected roots. After infestation, 319 bacterial OTUs (such as ) and 171 fungal OTUs (such as ) were increased in rhizosphere soils, while 181 bacterial OTUs (such as ) and 166 fungal OTUs (such as ) rose their abundance in plant roots. Meanwhile, much more decreased bacterial or fungal OTUs were identified from rhizosphere soils rather than from plant roots, exhibiting the protective effects of host plant on endophytes. Among the detected bacterial isolates, sp. TR27 was discovered to exhibit nematocidal activity, and , sp. P35, and to show repellent potentials for the second stage juveniles, which can be used to develop RKN bio-control agents.
DISCUSSION
These findings provided insights into the interactions among root-knot nematodes, host plants, and microorganisms, which will inspire explorations of novel nematicides.
PubMed: 37303801
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1168179 -
Natural Product Research Nov 2021Various microorganisms are able to synthesize pigments, which usually present antioxidant properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity...
Various microorganisms are able to synthesize pigments, which usually present antioxidant properties. The aim of this work was to evaluate the antiproliferative activity of bacterial pigments against cancer cells Neuro-2a, Saos-2 and MCF-7. Pigments were obtained from sp. UDEC-P1 and sp. UDEC-A13. Both bacterial strains were isolated from cold environments (Patagonia and Antarctica, respectively). Pigments were purified and analyzed by HPLC. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated by 3-4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium (MTT) assay. Deinoxanthin carotenoid obtained from sp. UDEC-P1 was able to reduce significatively the viability of Saos-2 (37.1%), while no effect was observed against MCF-7 and Neuro-2a. Pigments obtained from sp. UDEC-A13 showed a significant viability reduction of three tumour cells (20.6% Neuro-2a, 26.3% Saos-2 and 13.2% MCF-7). Therefore, carotenoid pigments produced by extremophilic bacteria sp. UDEC-P1 and sp. UDEC-A13 could be proposed as novel complementary compounds in anticancer chemotherapy.
Topics: Antarctic Regions; Antioxidants; Carotenoids; Deinococcus; Extremophiles
PubMed: 31809588
DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1698574 -
Biomedicines Sep 2022Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and metagenomic studies have provided insights into the microbial profile of different body sites. However, research on the...
Recent advances in next-generation sequencing and metagenomic studies have provided insights into the microbial profile of different body sites. However, research on the microbial composition of urine is limited, particularly in children. The goal of this study was to optimize and develop reproducible metagenome and virome protocols using a small volume of urine samples collected from healthy children. We collected midstream urine specimens from 40 healthy children. Using the metagenomics shotgun approach, we tested various protocols. Different microbial roots such as Archaea, Bacteria, Eukaryota, and Viruses were successfully identified using our optimized urine protocol. Our data reflected much variation in the microbial fingerprints of children. Girls had significantly higher levels of Firmicutes, whereas boys had significantly higher levels of Actinobacteria. The genus Anaerococcus dominated the urinary bacteriome of healthy girls, with a significant increase in Anaerococcus prevotii, Anaerococcus vaginalis, and Veillonella parvula (p-value < 0.001) when compared with that of boys. An increased relative abundance of Xylanimonas and Arthrobacter, with a significantly high abundance of Arthrobacter sp. FB24 (p-value 0.0028) and Arthrobacter aurescences (p-value 0.015), was observed in boys. The urinary mycobiome showed a significant rise in the genus Malassezia and Malassezia globose fungus (p-value 0.009) in girls, whereas genus Saccharomyces (p-value 0.009) was significantly high in boys. The beta diversity of the urinary mycobiome was found to differ between different age groups. Boys had significantly more Mastadenovirus and Human mastadenovirus-A in their urinary virome than girls. With increasing age, we noticed an increase in the relative abundance of the order Caudovirales. Our optimized protocols allowed us to identify the unique microbes for each sex by using an adequate volume of urine (3−10 mL) to screen for the bacteriome, mycobiome, and virome profiles in the urine of healthy children. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize the metagenomics profiles of urine in a healthy pediatric population.
PubMed: 36289674
DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102412 -
MBio Jun 2021Plant roots constitute the primary interface between plants and soilborne microorganisms and harbor microbial communities called the root microbiota. Recent studies have...
Plant roots constitute the primary interface between plants and soilborne microorganisms and harbor microbial communities called the root microbiota. Recent studies have demonstrated a significant contribution of plant specialized metabolites (PSMs) to the assembly of root microbiota. However, the mechanistic and evolutionary details underlying the PSM-mediated microbiota assembly and its contribution to host specificity remain elusive. Here, we show that the bacterial genus is predominant specifically in the tobacco endosphere and that its enrichment in the tobacco endosphere is partially mediated by a combination of two unrelated classes of tobacco-specific PSMs, santhopine and nicotine. We isolated and sequenced strains from tobacco roots as well as soils treated with these PSMs and identified genomic features, including but not limited to genes for santhopine and nicotine catabolism, that are associated with the ability to colonize tobacco roots. Phylogenomic and comparative analyses suggest that these genes were gained in multiple independent acquisition events, each of which was possibly triggered by adaptation to particular soil environments. Taken together, our findings illustrate a cooperative role of a combination of PSMs in mediating plant species-specific root bacterial microbiota assembly and suggest that the observed interaction between tobacco and may be a consequence of an ecological fitting process. Host secondary metabolites have a crucial effect on the taxonomic composition of its associated microbiota. It is estimated that a single plant species produces hundreds of secondary metabolites; however, whether different classes of metabolites have distinctive or common roles in the microbiota assembly remains unclear. Here, we show that two unrelated classes of secondary metabolites in tobacco play a cooperative role in the formation of tobacco-specific compositions of the root bacterial microbiota, which has been established as a consequence of independent evolutionary events in plants and bacteria triggered by different ecological effects. Our findings illustrate mechanistic and evolutionary aspects of the microbiota assembly that are mediated by an arsenal of plant secondary metabolites.
Topics: Arthrobacter; Endophytes; Genome, Bacterial; Host Microbial Interactions; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rhizosphere; Secondary Metabolism; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Nicotiana
PubMed: 34044592
DOI: 10.1128/mBio.00846-21 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2023The microbial community in donkey milk and its impact on the nutritional value of donkey milk are still unclear. We evaluated the effects of different lactation stages...
The microbial community in donkey milk and its impact on the nutritional value of donkey milk are still unclear. We evaluated the effects of different lactation stages on the composition and function of donkey milk microbiota. The milk samples were collected at 1, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, and 180 days post-delivery. The result showed that the microbial composition and functions in donkey milk were significantly affected by different lactation stages. The dominant bacterial phyla in donkey milk are (60%) and (22%). (39%), (4%), and (2%) were the predominant bacterial genera detected in all milk samples. In the mature milk, the abundance of lactic acid bacteria (7%) was higher. (5%) and (3%) were more plentiful in milk samples from middle and later lactation stages (90-180 d). Furthermore, the pathogens and and thermoduric bacteria , , and were also detected. Donkey milk is rich in beneficial bacteria and also poses a potential health risk. The above findings have improved our understanding of the composition and function changes of donkey milk microbiota, which is beneficial for the rational utilization of donkey milk.
PubMed: 38231735
DOI: 10.3390/foods12234272 -
Rhizospheric Revealed Antifungal and Plant-Growth-Promoting Activities under Controlled Environment.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2022has large habitats and can be isolated from terrestrial soil, rhizospheres of plant roots, and marine sediments. produce several bioactive secondary metabolites with...
has large habitats and can be isolated from terrestrial soil, rhizospheres of plant roots, and marine sediments. produce several bioactive secondary metabolites with antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral properties. In this study, some strains were isolated from the rhizosphere zone of four different plant species: rosemary, acacia, strawberry, and olive. The antagonistic activity of all isolates was screened in vitro against and . Isolates with the strongest bioactivity potential were selected and molecularly identified as sp., , and . The growth-promoting activity of the selected isolates was in vivo evaluated on tomato plants and for disease control against . The results demonstrated that all bacterized plants with the studied isolates were able to promote the tomato seedlings' growth, showing high values of ecophysiological parameters. In particular, the bacterized seedlings with sp. and showed low disease incidence of infection (0.3% and 0.2%, respectively), whereas those bacterized with showed a moderate disease incidence (7.6%) compared with the positive control (36.8%). In addition, the ability of the studied to produce extracellular hydrolytic enzymes was verified. The results showed that was able to produce chitinase, glucanase, and protease, whereas sp. and produced amylase and pectinase at high and moderate levels, respectively. This study highlights the value of the studied isolates in providing bioactive metabolites and extracellular hydrolytic enzymes, indicating their potential application as fungal-biocontrol agents.
PubMed: 35890505
DOI: 10.3390/plants11141872 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Dec 2022Incidence of anxiety and depression has been surging in recent years, causing unignorable mental health crisis across the globe. Mounting studies demonstrated that...
Incidence of anxiety and depression has been surging in recent years, causing unignorable mental health crisis across the globe. Mounting studies demonstrated that overgrowth of detrimental gut microbes is driving the development of anxiety and depression. Our previous studies suggested that ferulic acid (FA) and feruloylated oligosaccharides (FOs) were potent in regulating gut microbiome and microbial metabolism in a variety of disease settings, including neuroinflammation. Given the increasing evidence solidifying the role of gut-brain axis in neurological disorders, we here investigated the therapeutic potential of FA and FOs in anxiety and depression. In present study we found that FA and FOs effectively alleviated anxiety and depression-like behavior in mice, while increasing the abundance of Firmicutes, Solibacillus, Acinetobacter and Arthrobacter, and decreasing the abundance of Parabacteroides, Oscollospira and Rummeliibacillus. In addition, FA and FOs were efficacious in enhancing phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, phenylalanine and caffeine metabolism in mice having depression. Our results validated FA and FOs as effective nutrition to prevent anxiety and depression, as well as provided mechanistic insight into their anti-anxiety and anti-depression function. We suggested that FOs mitigated the symptom of depression in mice potentially via changing gut microbiome structure and microbial metabolism.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Anxiety; Oligosaccharides; Phenylalanine
PubMed: 36461269
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111887 -
Archives of Virology Oct 2023A new virulent phage, SWEP2, infecting the Arthrobacter sp. 5B strain, was isolated from black soil samples in northeastern China. SWEP2 has a latent period of 80 min...
A new virulent phage, SWEP2, infecting the Arthrobacter sp. 5B strain, was isolated from black soil samples in northeastern China. SWEP2 has a latent period of 80 min and a burst size of 45 PFU (evaluated at an MOI of 0.1). Genomic analysis revealed that the 43,398-bp dsDNA genome of phage SWEP2 contains 64 open reading frames (ORFs) and one tRNA gene. Phylogenetic analysis indicated a close relationship between SWEP2 and Arthrobacter phage Liebe, with 82.98% identity and a query coverage of 48%. Based on its distinct phenotypic and genetic characteristics, SWEP2 is identified as a novel Arthrobacter phage.
Topics: Bacteriophages; Arthrobacter; Phylogeny; Genome, Viral; Genomics; Open Reading Frames
PubMed: 37864004
DOI: 10.1007/s00705-023-05898-0 -
The Science of the Total Environment Feb 2024Nitroguanidine (NQ) is a component of newly developed insensitive munition (IM) formulations which are more resistant to impact, friction, heat, or sparks than...
Nitroguanidine (NQ) is a component of newly developed insensitive munition (IM) formulations which are more resistant to impact, friction, heat, or sparks than conventional explosives. NQ is also used to synthesize various organic compounds and herbicides, and has both human and environmental health impacts. Despite the wide application and associated health concerns, limited information is known regarding NQ biodegradation, and only one NQ-degrading pure culture identified as Variovorax strain VC1 has been characterized. Here, we present results for three new NQ-degrading bacterial strains isolated from soil, sediment, and a lab-scale aerobic membrane bioreactor (MBR), respectively. Each of these strains -utilizes NQ as a nitrogen (N) source rather than as a source of carbon or energy. The MBR strain, identified as Pseudomonas extremaustralis strain NQ5, is capable of degrading NQ at a rate of approximately 150 μmole L h under aerobic conditions with glucose as a sole carbon source - and NQ as a sole N source. The addition of NH to strain NQ5 during active growth with NQ as a sole N source slowed the growth rate for several hours, and the strain released NH, presumably from NQ. When NO was added as an alternate N source under similar conditions, the NO was not consumed, but NH release into the culture medium was again observed. Strain NQ5 was also able to utilize guanylurea, guanidine, and ethyl allophanate as N sources, and - tolerate salt concentrations as high as 4 % (as NaCl). The other two stains, NQ4 and NQ7, both identified as Arthrobacter spp., grew significantly slower than strain NQ5 under similar culture conditions and tolerated only ∼1 % NaCl. In addition, neither strain NQ4 nor strain NQ7 was able to degrade guanlyurea or ethyl allophanate, but each degraded guanidine. These strains, particularly strain NQ5, may have practical applications for in-situ and ex-situ NQ bioremediation.
Topics: Humans; Sodium Chloride; Guanidines; Biodegradation, Environmental; Carbon; Urea
PubMed: 38092196
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169184 -
Frontiers in Bioengineering and... 2021Low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) like naphthalene and substituted naphthalenes (methylnaphthalene, naphthoic acids, 1-naphthyl... (Review)
Review
Low molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) like naphthalene and substituted naphthalenes (methylnaphthalene, naphthoic acids, 1-naphthyl -methylcarbamate, etc.) are used in various industries and exhibit genotoxic, mutagenic, and/or carcinogenic effects on living organisms. These synthetic organic compounds (SOCs) or xenobiotics are considered as priority pollutants that pose a critical environmental and public health concern worldwide. The extent of anthropogenic activities like emissions from coal gasification, petroleum refining, motor vehicle exhaust, and agricultural applications determine the concentration, fate, and transport of these ubiquitous and recalcitrant compounds. Besides physicochemical methods for cleanup/removal, a green and eco-friendly technology like bioremediation, using microbes with the ability to degrade SOCs completely or convert to non-toxic by-products, has been a safe, cost-effective, and promising alternative. Various bacterial species from soil flora belonging to (, , , , and ), ( and ), and ( and ) displayed the ability to degrade various SOCs. Metabolic studies, genomic and metagenomics analyses have aided our understanding of the catabolic complexity and diversity present in these simple life forms which can be further applied for efficient biodegradation. The prolonged persistence of PAHs has led to the evolution of new degradative phenotypes through horizontal gene transfer using genetic elements like plasmids, transposons, phages, genomic islands, and integrative conjugative elements. Systems biology and genetic engineering of either specific isolates or mock community (consortia) might achieve complete, rapid, and efficient bioremediation of these PAHs through synergistic actions. In this review, we highlight various metabolic routes and diversity, genetic makeup and diversity, and cellular responses/adaptations by naphthalene and substituted naphthalene-degrading bacteria. This will provide insights into the ecological aspects of field application and strain optimization for efficient bioremediation.
PubMed: 33791281
DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2021.602445