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Pathogens & Immunity 2022Ultraviolet light in the UV-C band is also known as germicidal radiation, and it is widely used for decontamination and disinfection of environments, water, and food....
BACKGROUND
Ultraviolet light in the UV-C band is also known as germicidal radiation, and it is widely used for decontamination and disinfection of environments, water, and food. The ultraviolet source transfers electromagnetic energy from a mercury arc lamp to an organism's genetic material. When UV radiation penetrates the cell wall of an organism, it destroys the cell's ability to reproduce, through a physical and not chemical process. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of a new UV-C generating device (Asepsis) against clinically important microorganisms that may be present in beauty centers.
METHODS
We present here a set of tests performed on tools easy to find in beauty salons (hair-brushes, nail pliers, makeup brushes, and, due to the recent COVID-19 pandemic, face mask samples). They were individually contaminated with bacteria (), fungi (), and the Chikungunya virus. Different times of exposure were evaluated (1, 3, and 5 minutes).
RESULTS
There was notable reduction in the microbial load in every test, in comparison with control groups. Best results were observed on face mask samples, while the makeup brush showed less reduction, even with longer periods of exposure.
CONCLUSIONS
Beauty salons present a risk of infections due to microbial exposure. The device tested can efficiently inactivate, in a short time, microorganisms contaminating most tools found in this setting. The device also showed promising results against enveloped virus.
PubMed: 35795726
DOI: 10.20411/pai.v7i1.497 -
Mycoses Aug 2020Tinea capitis (TC) is an infection of the scalp hair due to dermatophytes. Most commonly seen in prepubescent children, but data of adults tinea capitis (ATC) in China... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
BACKGROUND
Tinea capitis (TC) is an infection of the scalp hair due to dermatophytes. Most commonly seen in prepubescent children, but data of adults tinea capitis (ATC) in China mainland are limited.
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to evaluate epidemiological, clinical and mycological characteristics of ATC in China from 2000 to 2019.
METHODS
We retrospectively analysed all ATC reported cases in China mainland, confirmed by mycological examination, by searching PubMed, Wanfang, Weipu and CNKI database.
RESULTS
In sum, 40 papers involving 269 clinical cases were included. The average morbidity of ATC was calculated as 9.04% after standardisation. The sex ratio is 1:5.2 (31 male, 163 female); 76 people between 18 and 44 age level and 137 people between 45 and 89 age level were diagnosed as ATC. Culture or ITS sequencing identified Trichophyton violaceum in 70 cases (35.2%), Microsporum canis in 42 cases (21.1%), Trichophyton mentagrophyte in 32 cases (16.1%), Trichophyton rubrum in 23 cases (11.5%), Microsporum gypseum in 18 cases (9.0%), Trichophyton tonsurans in 6 cases (3.0%), Trichophyton schoenleini in 4 cases (2.0%), Epidermophyton floccosum in 2 cases (1.0%), Trichophyton verrucosum and Microsporum ferrugineum in one case (0.5%). ATC was easily to be diagnosed as furfur, seborrhoeic dermatitis (13%) or pustular and dermatocellulitis (11.15%).Six immunocompromised persons were recorded (2.2%).
CONCLUSIONS
ATC mainly involves postmenopausal women. Trichophyton violaceum, M canis, T mentagrophyte remain the most common aetiological agent of ATC in China. Trichophyton rubrum own the much higher frequency in ATC than in children. For diversified clinical manifestations, recognising ATC profiles will help clinicians avoid misdiagnosis.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Arthrodermataceae; China; Dermatomycoses; Female; Humans; Male; Microsporum; Middle Aged; Morbidity; Postmenopause; Prevalence; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Tinea Capitis; Young Adult
PubMed: 32395886
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13102 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022is the primary agent causing dermatophytosis in cats, and also infects humans, dogs, and other species. Assessment of genetic variation among isolates in the United...
is the primary agent causing dermatophytosis in cats, and also infects humans, dogs, and other species. Assessment of genetic variation among isolates in the United States has not been conducted. Further, mating type and assessment of disease severity associated with genotypic characteristics have not been rigorously evaluated. We therefore isolated from 191 domestic cats across the US and characterized genotypes by evaluation of ITS sequence, MAT locus, and microsatellite loci analysis. The genes SSU1 and SUB3, which are associated with keratin adhesion and digestion, were sequenced from a subset of isolates to evaluate potential genetic associations with virulence. Analysis of microsatellite makers revealed three genetic clusters. Both clinic location and disease severity were significant predictors of microsatellite variants. 100% of the isolates were MAT1-1 mating gene type, indicating that MAT1-2 is very rare or extinct in the US and that asexual reproduction is the dominant form of replication. No genetic variation at SSU1 and SUB3 was observed. These findings pave the way for novel testing modalities for and provide insights about transmission and ecology of this ubiquitous and relatively uncharacterized agent.
PubMed: 35887433
DOI: 10.3390/jof8070676 -
Mycoses May 2022Dermatomycoses, fungal diseases that affect the superficial layers of skin, hair or nails, are a public health concern due to their high prevalence. In Brazil,...
OBJECTIVES
Dermatomycoses, fungal diseases that affect the superficial layers of skin, hair or nails, are a public health concern due to their high prevalence. In Brazil, dermatomycoses are not notifiable diseases, so only fragmented epidemiological studies have been reported in the national literature. To evaluate the epidemiological profile of dermatomycoses in preschoolers and school children in Sinop, Mato Grosso (MT), Brazil.
METHODS
Classic methods were used to perform 782 mycological examinations to identify dermatophytosis, cutaneous candidosis and pityriasis versicolor in preschoolers and school children aged between 6 months and 12 years in 11 educational institutions in Sinop, MT.
RESULTS
Among the evaluated clinical specimens, 5.2% tested positive for dermatophytosis, with 58.45% of these cases corresponding to tinea capitis, followed by skin (tinea corporis and tinea pedis) and toenail (tinea unguium) lesions; zoophilic fungi predominated. Microsporum canis and Trichophyton mentagrophytes complex were isolated in 53.66% and 24.39% of the cases, respectively. Regarding cutaneous candidosis, 9.1% of the specimens tested positive for this disease, with 59.16% and 12.7% of the cases corresponding to toenails and interdigitoplantar lesions, respectively. Candida albicans caused 70.43% of the lesions. The remaining specimens (85.7%) tested positive for pityriasis versicolor; children aged between 6 and 12 were the most affected (71.79%).
CONCLUSION
Our results agree with most epidemiological studies carried out in Brazil and demonstrate the high frequency of mycoses in preschoolers and school children, a result of poor personal hygiene and favourable weather conditions in Northern Mato Grosso, Brazil.
Topics: Brazil; Candidiasis, Cutaneous; Child; Dermatomycoses; Humans; Infant; Onychomycosis; Tinea; Tinea Versicolor
PubMed: 35315158
DOI: 10.1111/myc.13439 -
The Medical Journal of Malaysia May 2023Dermatomycoses are common superficial cutaneous fungal infections which affect the skin, nails and human hairs. It affects 20 to 25% of the world population. The...
INTRODUCTION
Dermatomycoses are common superficial cutaneous fungal infections which affect the skin, nails and human hairs. It affects 20 to 25% of the world population. The causative fungus varies geographically across the globe. Study on dermatomycoses is crucial to identify the aetiological fungus involved locally. The study aimed to determine the causative fungus of superficial fungal infections of the skin, nail and hair in patients presented to Hospital Melaka.
METHODS
This was a prospective study conducted from 15th January 2022 till 15th October 2022 at Dermatology Clinic, Hospital Melaka. Subjects with clinical dermatomycoses were included in this study. The samples were collected from skin, nails and hairs clinically affected by tinea corporis/cruris/pedis, onychomycosis and tinea capitis respectively. A potassium hydroxide (KOH) study was performed on the sample in which the fungal hyphae/yeast positive subjects were sent for fungal culture and fungal PCR test.
RESULT
A total of 222 clinical samples from skin, nails and hairs with a clinical suspicion of dermatomycoses yielded fungal hyphae/yeast in KOH. Majority of the samples were collected from skin (138, 62.2%), followed by nails (65, 29.3%) and hairs (19, 8.6%). Male to female ratio was 1.18: 1. The age ranged from 2 to 87 with the median of 55.5-yearsold. Out of 222 samples, 150 (67.6%) were fungal culture positive. From fungal culture positive samples, 87 samples were from tinea corporis, 50 samples were from onychomycoses and 13 samples were from tinea capitis. Trichophyton rubrum (39, 44.8%) was the commonest dermatophyte isolated in tinea corporis/cruris/pedis. Nondermatophyte moulds (NDM, 35, 70%) were the main fungi isolated in onychomycosis. Microsporum canis (7/53.8%) was the principal causative fungus among patients with tinea capitis. Among 150 fungal culture positive samples, 76 were fungal PCR positive. Only 38 samples consistently isolated same fungal species in both fungal culture and PCR test.
CONCLUSION
Majority of tinea corporis and tinea capitis fungal culture isolated dermatophytes, especially Trichophyton rubrum and Microsporum canis, respectively. Non-dermatophyte moulds were mainly isolated in onychomycosis.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Child, Preschool; Child; Adolescent; Young Adult; Adult; Middle Aged; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Onychomycosis; Prospective Studies; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Arthrodermataceae; Dermatomycoses; Tinea; Tinea Capitis; Hospitals
PubMed: 37271847
DOI: No ID Found -
Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift Fur... Oct 2021Tinea capitis is seen world-wide among children up to 12 years. The most severe type is Kerion Celsi with painful abscesses and lymphadenopathy. We report on an... (Review)
Review
Tinea capitis is seen world-wide among children up to 12 years. The most severe type is Kerion Celsi with painful abscesses and lymphadenopathy. We report on an 11-year-old boy with Kerion Celsi, who was initially treated using antibiotics under the common misdiagnosis of a bacterial infection. Mycological investigations could identify Microsporum canis. The patient was treated orally with griseofulvin, which resulted in complete mycological remission after 8 weeks. Cicatrical alopecia, however, could not be prevented. Purulent infections of the scalp should lead to early mycological diagnostics in children.
Topics: Alopecia; Antifungal Agents; Child; Humans; Male; Microsporum; Scalp; Tinea Capitis
PubMed: 33884438
DOI: 10.1007/s00105-021-04817-1 -
Mycologia 2023Dermatophytosis is one of the most frequent superficial mycoses in the world. They are mainly caused by the dermatophytes and . Biofilm production is an essential...
Dermatophytosis is one of the most frequent superficial mycoses in the world. They are mainly caused by the dermatophytes and . Biofilm production is an essential factor in the pathogenesis of dermatophytes; it confers drug resistance and significantly impairs antifungal effectiveness. Therefore, we evaluated the antibiofilm activity of an alkamide-type alkaloid called riparin 1 (RIP1) against clinically relevant dermatophytes. We also produced synthetic (NOR1) and (DINOR1) homologs for pharmacological evaluation, with a 61-70% yield. We used (96-well polystyrene plates) and (hair fragments) models to verify the effects of these compounds on the formation and viability of biofilms. RIP1 and NOR1 showed antifungal activity against strains of and , but DINOR1 showed no significant antifungal activity against the dermatophytes. Furthermore, RIP1 and NOR1 significantly reduced the viability of biofilms and ( < 0.05). RIP1 was more potent than NOR1, possibly due to the distance between the -methoxyphenyl and the phenylamide moieties in these compounds. Due to the significant antifungal and antibiofilm activities observed for RIP1 and NOR1, we suggest that they could be useful in the treatment of dermatophytosis.
Topics: Arthrodermataceae; Antifungal Agents; Dermatomycoses; Biofilms; Tinea
PubMed: 36848618
DOI: 10.1080/00275514.2023.2170209 -
Journal of Pediatric Health Care :... 2024Dermatophytoses of the skin and scalp are common disorders in the pediatric population. The resemblance of the clinical presentation to other dermatoses can make fungal...
Dermatophytoses of the skin and scalp are common disorders in the pediatric population. The resemblance of the clinical presentation to other dermatoses can make fungal infections challenging to diagnose. We present three cases of dermatophytoses in children. The presence of fungi within skin lesions was confirmed in all cases. The diagnoses were "id" reaction in response to Trichophyton tonsurans infection, Kerion celsi because of Microsporum canis infection, and hair loss during microsporosis. Based on our review and clinical experience, we suggest diagnostic paths and treatments for dermatophytoses in children.
Topics: Humans; Male; Child; Female; Antifungal Agents; Tinea; Child, Preschool; Diagnosis, Differential; Microsporum; Tinea Capitis; Trichophyton; Microsporidiosis
PubMed: 38165291
DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2023.10.008 -
Journal de Mycologie Medicale Jun 2021The most common problems of modern medicine include fungal infections of the skin and its appendages caused by dermatomycetes, yeast-like fungi and moulds. Due to...
OBJECTIVE
The most common problems of modern medicine include fungal infections of the skin and its appendages caused by dermatomycetes, yeast-like fungi and moulds. Due to toxicity of pharmacological fungicides and promotion of ecology, natural substances with high antifungal properties are sought. Essential oils and their components show potential in this regard.
MATERIAL AND METHOD
Fourteen commercial essential oils were tested for antifungal activity. The study were carried out by agar dilution method against the following fungal species: Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton violaceum, Aspergillus niger, Scopulariopsis brevicaulis and (IZ 1) dog skin isolate. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were determined for all tested oils and individual components of oils with the highest activity against the tested fungi. GC-MS analysis was performed for the most active oils.
RESULTS
Cinnamon, thyme, clove, geranium and manuka oils were most active against the test fungi. The MIC values in the tested oils were in the range of 0.5->10μg/μl and the MFC amounted to 1.25->10μg/μl. Activity of individual components against the tested fungi strains was selective and clearly higher against dermatomycetes fungi and IZ 1 isolate. The strongest effect on dermatomycetes fungi was of cinnamaldehyde, thymol and carvacrol-with the values of 0.039-1.25μg/μl (MIC) and 0.078-1.25μg/μl (MFC). In turn, the highest activity against IZ 1 isolate was of cinnamaldehyde, eugenol, carvacrol, geraniol and thymol. Their MIC and MFC was 0.313-1.25μg/μl.
CONCLUSION
The results prove the applicability of selected oils and their components as alternatives to synthetic agents in combating fungal dermatoses in animals and humans.
Topics: Acrolein; Animals; Antifungal Agents; Dermatomycoses; Dogs; Fungi; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils; Thymus Plant
PubMed: 33548912
DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2021.101118 -
MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin Nov 2023