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Beneficial Microbes Mar 2020Intestinal and human milk microbiota studies during infancy have shown variations according to geographical location, delivery mode, gestational age, and mother-related...
Intestinal and human milk microbiota studies during infancy have shown variations according to geographical location, delivery mode, gestational age, and mother-related factors during pregnancy. In this study, we performed metagenomic mycobiota analyses of 44 transient and mature human milk among five different groups: mothers of normal spontaneous delivery-term (NS-T), caesarean delivery-term (CS-T), premature (PT), small for gestational age (SGA), and large for gestational age (LGA) infants. Fungi were detected in 80 out of the 88 samples. Regarding the number of observed fungal species, the NS-T group was more homogeneous (less variable) comparing the other groups (<0.05). In the transient human milk samples, the most abundant species were (33.3%) and (27.4%). While (33.7%) was second most abundant species in mature milk, disappeared (<0.01) and became the most abundant species (35.5%) (<0.05). Among the NS-T group, the most abundant species was in both transient and mature milk. In contrast, was the most abundant species in transient human milk (45.0%) in the CS-T group, but it disappeared in mature milk (<0.01). In transient milk, was only represented 6.0-9.0% of taxa in the PT, SGA, and LGA groups (<0.05). In transient and mature milk in the PT, SGA and LGA groups, the most abundant species were and In mature milk samples, is more abundant in CS-T group, PT group and LGA group, than the NS-T groups (<0.05 for all). Although fungi constitute only a very small part of the human milk microbiome, we observed some changes that the human milk mycobiota composition varies in caesarean delivery, premature, SGA and LGA groups, comparing the normal spontaneous delivery, as well as differences between transient and mature human milk.
Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Delivery, Obstetric; Female; Fungi; Gestational Age; Humans; Male; Milk, Human; Mothers; Mycobiome; Weight Gain; Young Adult
PubMed: 31990220
DOI: 10.3920/BM2019.0158 -
Allergologie Select 2024None.
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PubMed: 38756207
DOI: 10.5414/ALX02444E -
International Journal of Molecular... Feb 2023Scientific examination of the heart of Blessed Pauline Jaricot-a French missionary figure-was carried out in 2022. As tandem mass spectrometry proteotyping has proven to...
Scientific examination of the heart of Blessed Pauline Jaricot-a French missionary figure-was carried out in 2022. As tandem mass spectrometry proteotyping has proven to be valuable to obtain the broad taxonomic repertoire of a given sample without any a priori information, we aimed at exploring the conditions of preservation of the relics and possible conditions of death. Metaproteomics and high-resolution microtomography imaging approaches were combined. A dataset comprising 6731 high-resolution MS/MS spectra was acquired and 968 of these spectra could be assigned to specific peptidic biomolecules. Based on the taxonomical information encompassed by the identified peptide sequences, 5 phyla were identified amongst eukaryota (94% of the biomass): Ascomycota (55%), with the species , and , corresponding to expected cadaverous fungal flora; Chordata (42%), represented by a unique species, ; Streptophyta (3%); and Arthropoda (traces). Bacteria (6% of the biomass) were poorly represented. No trace of embalming substance could be retrieved, nor any pathogens. Imaging evidenced no heart defect nor embalming traces. No evidence that was inconsistent with natural and spontaneous conservation could be retrieved. This study prefigures the power of modern molecular techniques such as paleoproteotyping coupled to microtomography to gain insight into historical relics.
Topics: Humans; Embalming; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Heart; Heart Defects, Congenital; Bacteria
PubMed: 36769339
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24033011 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2024A fungal isolate PDB-B (accession number: MT774567.1), which could tolerate up to 500 mg/L of cypermethrin, was isolated from the lake sediments of Kulamangalam...
A fungal isolate PDB-B (accession number: MT774567.1), which could tolerate up to 500 mg/L of cypermethrin, was isolated from the lake sediments of Kulamangalam tropical lake, Madurai, and identified by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequencing followed by phylogenetic analysis. The biotransformation potential of the strain was compared with five other strains (A, J, UN2, M1 and SM108) as a consortium, which were tentatively identified as , , , , and , respectively. Batch culture and soil microcosm studies were conducted to explore biotransformation using plate-based enzymatic screening and GC-MS. A mycotransformation pathway was predicted based on a comparative analysis of the transformation products (TPs) obtained. The cytotoxicity assay revealed that the presence of (3-methylphenyl) methanol and isopropyl ether could be relevant to the high rate of lethality.
Topics: Lakes; Phylogeny; India; Aspergillus niger; Aspergillus; Pyrethrins
PubMed: 38611726
DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071446 -
International Journal of Food... Jun 2022Thermal inactivation of pathogenic and spoilage organisms in low and intermediate moisture foods is of critical importance for guaranteeing microbiological safety and...
Bayesian global regression model relating product characteristics of intermediate moisture food products to heat inactivation parameters for Salmonella Napoli and Eurotium herbariorum mould spores.
Thermal inactivation of pathogenic and spoilage organisms in low and intermediate moisture foods is of critical importance for guaranteeing microbiological safety and stability of these products. Producers tendentially reduce salt in low and intermediate moisture foods because of nutritional health considerations, but it is unclear how this affects microbial inactivation rates during pasteurization. In this study we predict the time to achieve a pre-defined 6-log reduction for Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Napoli (hereafter: S. Napoli) and Eurotium herbariorum mould spores (hereafter: E. herbariorum spores) and the relationship with product characteristics. We tested 31 design products for heat inactivation of S. Napoli and 29 design products for heat inactivation of E. herbariorum spores. We used a global Bayesian regression combining primary Weibull models with a secondary regression model to relate pasteurization temperature and product characteristics (water activity (a), pH, and fractions of sodium chloride, sucrose and oil on product) to microbial counts. With this model, we predict the time to 6-log reduction. Thermal inactivation rates were much higher for vegetative S. Napoli than for E. herbariorum spores. Also, inactivation curves were non-linear for many experiments. There were significant associations between the Weibull model parameters and temperature, and pH and a for S. Napoli and E. herbariorum spores, respectively. We parameterized an inactivation model for S. Napoli and E. herbariorum spores using design products with a broad range of characteristics and showed how the simplified approach of using D-values does not accurately describe the non-linearity of thermal inactivation for both types of organism. Results of our model can be used to produce accurate heat inactivation predictions as input for the pasteurization process in factories where intermediate moisture foods are manufactured.
Topics: Aspergillus; Bayes Theorem; Colony Count, Microbial; Food Microbiology; Hot Temperature; Salmonella; Spores, Fungal
PubMed: 35378381
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2022.109638 -
Foods (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2023In order to analyze the changes in the microbial community structure during the pile fermentation of Qingzhuan tea and their correlation with the formation of quality...
In order to analyze the changes in the microbial community structure during the pile fermentation of Qingzhuan tea and their correlation with the formation of quality compounds in Qingzhuan tea, this study carried out metagenomic and metabolomic analyses of tea samples during the fermentation process of Qingzhuan tea. The changes in the expression and abundance of microorganisms during the pile fermentation were investigated through metagenomic assays. During the processing of Qingzhuan tea, there is a transition from a bacterial dominated ecosystem to an ecosystem enriched with fungi. The correlation analyses of metagenomics and metabolomics showed that amino acids and polyphenol metabolites with relatively simple structures exhibited a significant negative correlation with target microorganisms, while the structurally complicated B-ring dihydroxy puerin, B-ring trihydroxy galloyl puerlin, and other compounds showed a significant positive correlation with target microorganisms. , , in the family, and and in were the key microorganisms involved in the formation of the characteristic qualities of Qingzhuan tea.
PubMed: 37835190
DOI: 10.3390/foods12193537 -
Food Chemistry Aug 2021Current work presented a novel method based on colorimetric sensor (CS) combined with visible/near-infrared spectroscopy (VNIRs) for the detection of volatile markers in...
Current work presented a novel method based on colorimetric sensor (CS) combined with visible/near-infrared spectroscopy (VNIRs) for the detection of volatile markers in wheat infected by Aspergillus glaucus. Wheat samples with different mouldy degree was cultivated for backup under temperature of 25-28 °C in incubator. The total colony number was determined by flat colony counting method. Through employing chemo-responsive dyes including 8-(4-nitrophenyl)-4, 4-difluoro-BODIPY (NOBDP), 8-(4-bromophenyl)-4,4-difluoro-BODIPY(BrBDP) and 8-phenyl-4,4-difluoro- BODIPY(HBDP) as capture probes of colorimetric sensor for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The spectral data of CS-VNIRs were scanned and used to build synergic interval partial least squares (Si-PLS) models. The optimized Si-PLS model based on HBDP sensor gave a better detection performance, and the correlation coefficient of the prediction set Rp = 0.9387. The achieved high correlation rates imply that the technique may be deployed as a panacea to identify and quantify the colony number of different mouldy wheat.
Topics: Aspergillus; Colorimetry; Least-Squares Analysis; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Triticum; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 33756335
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129545 -
Yakugaku Zasshi : Journal of the... 2022To understand fungal contamination in the indoor environments of the disaster region, surveys were conducted to detect mycoflora in temporary shelters, prefabricated...
To understand fungal contamination in the indoor environments of the disaster region, surveys were conducted to detect mycoflora in temporary shelters, prefabricated temporary housing, private housing, and rented apartments in areas affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. The results from the surveys of temporary shelters indicated that the indoor-air fungal counts at all sampling points were less than 1000 colony forming units (cfu)/m, which is the recommended limit for fungal contamination in indoor air. However, the Aspergillus counts were high compared to the indoor environments of typical housing. Since Aspergillus is a known allergenic genus, careful attention should be paid to residents' health. The results of the surveys of private housing and rented apartments also indicated that fungal counts were highest during the rainy season throughout the summer. In contrast, temporary housing had a maximum fungal count in the winter. The extremely high level of fungal condensation in indoor air may have been due to the high relative humidity and loss of heat insulation in the buildings' attics. It is thought that these problems happen most commonly in colder regions, such as the entire area affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake. The case of a patient with allergic bronchopulmonary mycosis caused by a large amount of Eurotium herbariorum mold in his temporary housing was reported to demonstrate the health risks posed by fungi in this disaster region.
Topics: Air Pollution, Indoor; Aspergillus; Cold Temperature; Colony Count, Microbial; Earthquakes; Floods; Fungi; Housing; Humidity; Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis; Japan; Risk; Seasons
PubMed: 34980747
DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.21-00161-2