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Journal of Orthodontic Science 2022Ingestion is the entry of a substance into the human organism, which occurs by taking it through the mouth into the gastrointestinal tract. One of the adverse events... (Review)
Review
Ingestion is the entry of a substance into the human organism, which occurs by taking it through the mouth into the gastrointestinal tract. One of the adverse events that may happen during the course of an orthodontic treatment is the ingestion of orthodontic appliances. The present review aims to investigate the literature regarding the ingestion of orthodontic appliances. An electronic search was carried out in order to identify case reports of ingestion of foreign objects related to orthodontic treatment in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science until July 2019.Nineteen articles were retrieved. In these articles, ingestion had occurred inadvertently, due to patients' or orthodontists' errors. Some of the most commonly ingested appliances were molar bands, segments of wire, and expansion keys. It is likely that patients with a specific medical background are more prone to ingestion of orthodontic appliances. Special precautions need be taken in order to avoid such incidents. These precautions are analyzed in three categories: general, those related to fixed appliances, and those related to removable appliances.
PubMed: 35754414
DOI: 10.4103/jos.jos_94_21 -
Journal of Inflammation Research 2023Endothelial cells (ECs) are widely distributed inside the vascular network, forming a vital barrier between the bloodstream and the walls of blood vessels. These... (Review)
Review
Endothelial cells (ECs) are widely distributed inside the vascular network, forming a vital barrier between the bloodstream and the walls of blood vessels. These versatile cells serve myriad functions, including the regulation of vascular tension and the management of hemostasis and thrombosis. Inflammation constitutes a cascade of biological responses incited by biological, chemical, or physical stimuli. While inflammation is inherently a protective mechanism, dysregulated inflammation can precipitate a host of vascular pathologies. ECs play a critical role in the genesis and progression of vascular inflammation, which has been implicated in the etiology of numerous vascular disorders, such as atherosclerosis, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, diabetes mellitus, and sepsis. Upon activation, ECs secrete potent inflammatory mediators that elicit both innate and adaptive immune reactions, culminating in inflammation. To date, no comprehensive and nuanced account of the research progress concerning ECs and inflammation in vascular-related maladies exists. Consequently, this review endeavors to synthesize the contributions of ECs to inflammatory processes, delineate the molecular signaling pathways involved in regulation, and categorize and consolidate the various models and treatment strategies for vascular-related diseases. It is our aspiration that this review furnishes cogent experimental evidence supporting the established link between endothelial inflammation and vascular-related pathologies, offers a theoretical foundation for clinical investigations, and imparts valuable insights for the development of therapeutic agents targeting these diseases.
PubMed: 37641702
DOI: 10.2147/JIR.S418166 -
Journal of Molecular Biology Jun 2021Protein phase separation has emerged as a novel paradigm to explain the biogenesis of membraneless organelles and other so-called biomolecular condensates. While the... (Review)
Review
Protein phase separation has emerged as a novel paradigm to explain the biogenesis of membraneless organelles and other so-called biomolecular condensates. While the implication of this physical phenomenon within cell biology is providing us with novel ways for understanding how cells compartmentalize biochemical reactions and encode function in such liquid-like assemblies, the newfound appreciation of this process also provides immense opportunities for designing and sculpting biological matter. Here, we propose that understanding the cell's instruction manual of phase separation will enable bioengineers to begin creating novel functionalized biological materials and unprecedented tools for synthetic biology. We present FASE as the synthesis of the existing sticker-spacer framework, which explains the physical driving forces underlying phase separation, with quintessential principles of Scandinavian design. FASE serves both as a designer condensates catalogue and construction manual for the aspiring (membraneless) biomolecular architect. Our approach aims to inspire a new generation of bioengineers to rethink phase separation as an opportunity for creating reactive biomaterials with unconventional properties and to encode novel biological function in living systems. Although still in its infancy, several studies highlight how designer condensates have immediate and widespread potential applications in industry and medicine.
Topics: Computational Chemistry; Macromolecular Substances; Models, Molecular; Phase Transition; Proteins; Synthetic Biology
PubMed: 33539874
DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166837 -
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2022The aim: To evaluate muscle changes after sciatic nerve damage with the injection of bone marrow aspirate cells.
OBJECTIVE
The aim: To evaluate muscle changes after sciatic nerve damage with the injection of bone marrow aspirate cells.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: 36 rabbits underwent sciatic nerve cross-section and neuroraphy, bone marrow aspirate cells were injected directly or 7 weeks after neuroraphy. Changes in skeletal muscle morphology (photomicrographs of histological sections were analyzed for morphometric analysis of collagen region, quantitative analysis of conducted collagen density and measurement of muscle fibers diameter) and biochemical parameters (catalase activity, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase measurements and level of TBARS was determined) at 8, 12, and 16 weeks were examined.
RESULTS
Results: There is atrophy of muscle fibers in denervated muscles, and it has a negative tendency between 8 and 12 weeks. Delayed bone marrow aspirate cells injection into the muscles at 7 week - delayed atrophy and formation of TBA reactive substances. But bone marrow aspirate cells injection into the muscles directly after neuroraphy increased collagen formation, and development of fibrosis in areas of atrophy.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: Sciatic nerve injury results in atrophy of muscle tissue, which is partially delayed after delayed bone marrow aspirate cells injection at week 7. Muscle atrophy was characterized by a sharp increase in TBARS levels at 12 and 16 weeks and catalase activity at 12 weeks, and changes in biochemical parameters were partially normalized after the use of cell aspirates, to a greater extent with delayed injection.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Bone Marrow; Catalase; Collagen; Denervation; Muscle Denervation; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Peripheral Nerve Injuries; Rabbits; Sciatic Nerve; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances
PubMed: 35522870
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse 2023This research examined illicit drug use and substance abuse disorders among Hispanic emerging adults using a two time-point study. Hypothesized predictors included...
This research examined illicit drug use and substance abuse disorders among Hispanic emerging adults using a two time-point study. Hypothesized predictors included concurrent use of different types of substances in adolescence and early adulthood (illicit drug use, binge alcohol use, and cigarette-smoking), along with the socialization context (family, peer, school, and other contextual factors) in adolescence. Overall, the findings showed that emerging adults who engaged in binge use of alcohol reported higher levels of illicit drug use and substance abuse disorders. Smoking cigarettes was associated with higher levels of illicit drug use in emerging adulthood, but not substance use disorders. Illicit drug use and binge alcohol use in adolescence were linked to higher levels of illicit drug use in emerging adulthood. Further, respondents who engaged in higher levels of illicit drug use, binge drinking, and smoking in adolescence were more likely to report higher levels of substance use disorders in early adulthood, signaling the importance of assessing adolescent drug use as a critical period for curbing long-term substance use-related impairment. Sibling alcohol use, college aspirations, and perceived discrimination during adolescence were also predictive of higher levels of substance use disorders in early adulthood. Higher academic achievement in adolescence, however, was associated with lower levels of illicit drug use in emerging adulthood. Lastly, males reported higher levels of illicit drug use and substance abuse disorders than females.
Topics: Adolescent; Female; Humans; Male; Adolescent Behavior; Alcohol Drinking; Hispanic or Latino; Illicit Drugs; Los Angeles; Substance-Related Disorders; Young Adult
PubMed: 34487485
DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2021.1952131 -
Annals of Plastic Surgery Dec 2019Intravenous (IV) lines are ubiquitous in hospital settings. These lines can malfunction, leaking noxious contents into subcutaneous tissue. Existing literature describes... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
BACKGROUND
Intravenous (IV) lines are ubiquitous in hospital settings. These lines can malfunction, leaking noxious contents into subcutaneous tissue. Existing literature describes invasive intervention and complex treatment protocols. These persist despite significant changes in the composition and administration of IV agents. The purpose of this study is to examine the consequences of IV infiltrations at a tertiary medical center to update protocols and treatment algorithms.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This study is an observational, retrospective chart review performed at a tertiary care medical center. All inpatient plastic surgery consultations for IV infiltration were reviewed from 2011 to 2017. Patients were included if IV infiltration was suspected or documented. Data were collected for each injury regarding patient demographics, substance, and intervention.
RESULTS
The plastic surgery service evaluated 381 IV infiltration injuries from 2011 to 2017, with 363 meeting the criteria. Injuries per year progressively increased, with 32 consultations in 2011 and 102 consultations in 2017. The vast majority of injuries identified (91%) were treated with only elevation and observation. The minority consisted of wound care (7%) performed by nursing or any form of incision, aspiration, or antidote injection (2%) performed by the physician. Of the 363 injuries, the most common infiltrates were noncytotoxic (35%), radiographic contrast (27%), and known vesicants (18%). Interestingly, a large portion of consultations were requested by other surgical services (32%).
CONCLUSIONS
Although there is an increase in expert involvement for cases of IV infiltration injuries, the vast majority of these injuries are managed with minimal intervention. This is most likely owing to recent changes that have decreased the potential for harmful infiltration. Contrary to existing literature, invasive intervention is almost never indicated.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Databases, Factual; Disease Management; Extravasation of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Materials; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Injury Severity Score; Male; Referral and Consultation; Retrospective Studies; Soft Tissue Injuries; Subcutaneous Tissue; Surgery, Plastic; Tertiary Care Centers; Treatment Outcome; Wound Healing
PubMed: 31688099
DOI: 10.1097/SAP.0000000000001984 -
American Journal of Community Psychology Jun 2022The Indigenous peoples of North America are heirs to the shattering legacy of European colonization. These brutal histories of land dispossession, military conquest,... (Review)
Review
The Indigenous peoples of North America are heirs to the shattering legacy of European colonization. These brutal histories of land dispossession, military conquest, forced settlement, religious repression, and coercive assimilation have robbed American Indian communities of their economies, lifeways, and sources of meaning and significance in the world. The predictable consequence has been an epidemic of "mental health" problems such as demoralization, substance abuse, violence, and suicide within these communities. One apparent solution would seem to be the initiation or expansion of mental health services to better reach American Indian clients. And yet, conventional mental health services such as counseling and psychotherapy depend on assumptions and aspirations that may not fit well with American Indian cultural sensibilities. For example, counseling practices draw on the presumed value for clients of introspective and expressive "self talk," whereas Indigenous community norms may emphasize communicative caution outside of interactions with intimate kin, leading to marked reticence rather than candid disclosure. Moreover, given community sensitivities to salient histories of colonization, such differences have the potential to further alienate American Indian community members from the very services and providers designated to help them. In this article, I review a postcolonial predicament that bedevils American Indian community mental health services and trace a program of research that has sought to harness American Indian cultural and spiritual traditions for reimagining helping services in a manner that truly centers Indigenous perspectives.
Topics: Community Mental Health Services; Health Services, Indigenous; Humans; Indians, North American; Substance-Related Disorders; Violence; American Indian or Alaska Native
PubMed: 35230713
DOI: 10.1002/ajcp.12591 -
Drug and Alcohol Review Jul 2022Tapentadol is a centrally acting opioid analgesic prescribed for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. The study aimed to determine the characteristics of Australian...
INTRODUCTION
Tapentadol is a centrally acting opioid analgesic prescribed for the treatment of moderate to severe pain. The study aimed to determine the characteristics of Australian toxicity deaths related to tapentadol.
METHODS
All cases in which tapentadol use was coded contributory to death (n = 159) were retrieved from the National Coronial Information System (1 July 2000-31 December 2020).
RESULTS
The mean age was 48.5 (18-81) and 56% were female. Documented histories of problems with chronic pain (66%), mental health (60.4%), substance use (44%) and injecting drug use (23.3%) were common. The majority of deaths were deemed unintentional (76.1%) and in 18.9% pre-existing disease was co-contributory. The median peripheral blood tapentadol concentration was 1.00 mg L (0.02-47.00), and the median aortic concentration was 2.05 mg L (0.10-30.00). In all cases, psychoactive drugs other than tapentadol were also detected, most commonly antidepressants (72.3%), opioids (66.7%), hypnosedatives (64.2%) and gabapentinoids (43.4%). Of cases where autopsies were conducted, 27.7% were diagnosed with cardiomegaly and 18.5% with severe coronary artery stenosis. Pulmonary oedema (68.1%), aspiration of vomitus (39.5%) and acute pneumonia (26.9%) were common.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS
The typical tapentadol-related toxicity death involved unintentional death in the presence of multiple drugs, although a notable minority were intentional self-harm. Multiple morbidities were common. The identification and characteristics of these cases indicate that the adverse event profile of tapentadol needs to be considered in the setting of polypharmacy.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Australia; Chronic Pain; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phenols; Tapentadol
PubMed: 35301769
DOI: 10.1111/dar.13462 -
Biomolecules Oct 2023Aging is a natural and inescapable phenomenon characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological functions, leading to increased vulnerability to chronic... (Review)
Review
Aging is a natural and inescapable phenomenon characterized by a progressive deterioration of physiological functions, leading to increased vulnerability to chronic diseases and death. With economic and medical development, the elderly population is gradually increasing, which poses a great burden to society, the economy and the medical field. Thus, healthy aging has now become a common aspiration among people over the world. Accumulating evidence indicates that substances that can mediate the deteriorated physiological processes are highly likely to have the potential to prolong lifespan and improve aging-associated diseases. Foods from natural sources are full of bioactive compounds, such as polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, sterols, terpenoids and vitamins. These bioactive compounds and their derivatives have been shown to be able to delay aging and/or improve aging-associated diseases, thereby prolonging lifespan, via regulation of various physiological processes. Here, we summarize the current understanding of the anti-aging activities of the compounds, polysaccharides, polyphenols, carotenoids, sterols, terpenoids and vitamins from natural food sources, and their modes of action in delaying aging and improving aging-associated diseases. This will certainly provide a reference for further research on the anti-aging effects of bioactive compounds from natural food sources.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Aging; Carotenoids; Polyphenols; Vitamins; Terpenes; Sterols; Polysaccharides
PubMed: 38002283
DOI: 10.3390/biom13111600 -
The Science of the Total Environment Aug 2023Anthropogenic activities generally consume non-renewable resources and release polluting substances into the environment. Concerning agriculture, the cropping systems... (Review)
Review
Anthropogenic activities generally consume non-renewable resources and release polluting substances into the environment. Concerning agriculture, the cropping systems are almost based on exploiting non-renewable resources. In recent years, increasing interest has been devoted to reusing agricultural, food and other biomass wastes, considered relevant as they can be seen as resources rich in compounds that can find numerous applications. Biomass biorefining has been successfully applied and has opened up sustainable alternatives to the disposal of agricultural, agroindustrial and food wastes. In this area, an emerging, smart and environmentally friendly way to reduce the impact of waste on the environment is to obtain innovative materials for agriculture. Therefore, as part of biobased strategies, the use of waste biomass to obtain biostimulants and biogenic nanoparticles for crops has recently been proposed. Some research has shown that appropriate biostimulants and biobased nanomaterials have the potential to counteract some of the problems that plague agriculture. The above materials can improve crop performance, enhance crop tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses, and improve plant nutrition. In light of the above, this review aspires, in the first part, to provide an overview of the ideas and central points that characterize the concept of bioeconomy and circular economy. In the second part, on the other hand, the most recent studies related to the valorization of various types of wastes leading to innovative biobased materials and their application in agriculture are presented. In particular, biostimulants and nanoparticles obtained through biogenic synthesis using agroindustrial and plant residues have been considered. In conclusion, the studies reported in this review show that the use of some biomasses to obtain the above materials represents a sustainable way of waste management and valorization, enabling innovative biobased materials for agriculture.
Topics: Waste Management; Agriculture; Crops, Agricultural; Nanostructures; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37150469
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.163912