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Persoonia Dec 2021Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from coastal sea sand. , on soil, on dead wood, from roots and...
Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from coastal sea sand. , on soil, on dead wood, from roots and leaves of and from capsules of , (incl. gen. nov.) from , on soil, from leaf spots on from hypertrophied floral and vegetative branches of and from living leaves of , from a grassland. , from a rotten trunk. , on calcareous soil. , from wood of symptomatic , on pieces of wood and herbaceous debris. , among grass on a lawn. , on wet ground. , on decayed branch of unknown angiosperm tree and on decayed log of unknown angiosperm tree. , (incl. gen. nov.) on dead stems of , from the gut of a sp. termite, on soil and on branches of . , from soil under , on twigs of broadleaved trees on the ground. , on leaves of f. , from healthy roots of , (incl. gen. nov.) from stems of an sp. , (incl. gen. nov.), and (incl. gen. nov.), from dead culms of and from and from and from dead culms of from from dead culms of and from leaves of from sp., (incl. gen. nov.) from dead leaves of from (incl. gen. nov.) from leaves of from from needles of and (incl. gen. nov. and fam. nov.) from . , from twigs of sp., from dead leaves of from fallen leaves and from dead leaves , from permafrost and from driftwood of , from a biofilm covering a deteriorated limestone wall. , from needles of on soil in grasslands, on soil in grasslands, on a dry dead branch of sp., on litter in a mixed forest, from , (incl. gen. nov.) from leaves of and from leaves of , from leaf litter of ssp. from , from bark of from leaf litter of and from twigs of . , on sandy soil, on on from dung, from a blackened metal railing of an industrial warehouse and in soil under , associated with , on corticated wood. , from , from indoor air in a hospital, (incl. gen. nov.) from office dust, (incl. gen. nov.) from a tombstone, from air in a store, from air sample in house, from air in a brick room, from air in a classroom, from air in men's locker room and from sludge in a water reservoir. , on rotten wood, inside seed of , on soil in tropical evergreen mixed forests and from soil and roots of Morphological and culture characteristics are supported by DNA barcodes. : Crous PW, Osieck ER, Jurjević Ž, et al. 2021. Fungal Planet description sheets: 1284-1382. Persoonia 47: 178-374. https://doi.org/10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.06.
PubMed: 37693795
DOI: 10.3767/persoonia.2021.47.06 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Dec 2022The indigenous vineyard mycobiota contribute both to wine quality and vineyard sanitary status. Wines made from same grape variety but from different geographical...
The indigenous vineyard mycobiota contribute both to wine quality and vineyard sanitary status. Wines made from same grape variety but from different geographical locations are appreciated for their diversity. Because no information on indigenous mycobiota of Croatian grapevines is available, the aim of the present study was to start filling this knowledge gap by characterizing the indigenous mycobiota of Maraština variety. The use of metataxonomic approach has enabled the identification of 25 different fungal genera present on Maraština grape berries collected from 11 vineyards located within the Croatian coastal winegrowing region of Dalmatia (Northern Dalmatia, Dalmatian hinterland, Central and Southern Dalmatia). The substantial regional and local scale differences in their distribution were observed. Overall, Aureobasidium was the dominant genus followed by Cladosporium and Metschnikowia. Botrytis and Plenodomus were associated with the vineyards located in Central and Southern Dalmatia, whereas Pichia was associated with Northern Dalmatia vineyards. The largest abundance of Buckleyzyma, Cladosporium, Eremothecium, Fusarium, Papiliotrema, and Rhodotorula was observed in Dalmatian hinterland. Moreover, data suggested that climate conditions and soil type partially influenced the distribution of fungal communities. The local-scale differences emerged also for the physicochemical characteristics of fresh musts. The high malic acid content supported the development of Metschnikowia, and inhibited Fusarium growth, whereas a positive correlation between Erysiphe and pH values was observed. Sporobolomyces and Cystobasidium were negatively associated with high glucose concentration. The revealing of Maraština indigenous mycobiota provided information on the members of fungal community negatively influencing the grapevine sanitary status as well as those which could be employed in disease biocontrol.
Topics: Vitis; Taste; Croatia; Wine; Metschnikowia; Fusarium
PubMed: 36461184
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111917 -
Current Biology : CB Oct 2019Fungi have been found in every marine habitat that has been explored; however, the diversity and functions of fungi in the ocean are poorly understood. In this study,...
Fungi have been found in every marine habitat that has been explored; however, the diversity and functions of fungi in the ocean are poorly understood. In this study, fungi were cultured from the marine environment in the vicinity of Woods Hole, MA, USA, including from plankton, sponge, and coral. Our sampling resulted in 35 unique species across 20 genera. We observed many isolates by time-lapse, differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy and analyzed modes of growth and division. Several black yeasts displayed highly unconventional cell division cycles compared to those of traditional model yeast systems. Black yeasts have been found in habitats inhospitable to other life and are known for halotolerance, virulence, and stress resistance. We find that this group of yeasts also shows remarkable plasticity in terms of cell size control, modes of cell division, and cell polarity. Unexpected behaviors include division through a combination of fission and budding, production of multiple simultaneous buds, and cell division by sequential orthogonal septations. These marine-derived yeasts reveal alternative mechanisms for cell division cycles that seem likely to expand the repertoire of rules established from classic model system yeasts.
Topics: Atlantic Ocean; Cell Division; Massachusetts; Yeasts
PubMed: 31607535
DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2019.08.050 -
The Journal of Antibiotics Oct 2022Biosurfactants have been widely used in various industrial fields including medicine, food, cosmetics, detergent, pulp and paper, and oil and fat degradation. The...
Biosurfactants have been widely used in various industrial fields including medicine, food, cosmetics, detergent, pulp and paper, and oil and fat degradation. The culture broth of Aureobasidium pullulans A11211-4-57 using glucose as carbon source exhibited potent surfactant activity. The culture broth was separated by column chromatographies using ODS, silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 resins, consecutively, to provide two biosurfactants. Based on mass and NMR measurements, their structures were determined as myo-inositol lipids and named pullusurfactans F and G. These compounds showed a high degree of activity, with 27.25 mN/m and 24.07 mN/m, respectively, at 1.0 mg l, which is useful for washing and cleaning agents.
Topics: Ascomycota; Aureobasidium; Erigeron; Surface-Active Agents
PubMed: 35986093
DOI: 10.1038/s41429-022-00556-0 -
Carbohydrate Polymers Dec 2023Aureobasidium pullulans β-(1 → 3, 1 → 6)-glucan (APG) has a high degree of β-(1 → 6)-glucosyl branching and a regular triple helical structure similar to...
Aureobasidium pullulans β-(1 → 3, 1 → 6)-glucan (APG) has a high degree of β-(1 → 6)-glucosyl branching and a regular triple helical structure similar to that of schizophyllan. In this study, APG was carboxymethylated to different degrees of substitution (DS = 0.51, 1.0, and 2.0, denoted CMAPG 1-3, respectively) using a heterogeneous reaction. With increasing DS, the triple-helix structure drastically decreased and converted to a random coil structure in CMAPG 3. Further, aqueous solutions of CMAPG changed from pseudoplastic fluids to perfect Newtonian liquids with increasing DS, indicating that the intra- and intermolecular hydrogen bonds had been cleaved by the substituents to form a random coil structure. In addition, APG and CMAPG solutions exhibited scavenging ability against hydroxyl, organic, and sulfate radicals. It was also found that the carboxymethylation of APG drastically enhanced the organic radical scavenging ability. On the basis of the relationship between the DS and radical scavenging ability of the CMAPG samples, we believe hydroxyl and organic radicals were preferably scavenged by the donation of hydrogen atoms from the glucose rings and the methylene moieties of the carboxymethyl groups, respectively. Considering the obtained results, CMAPG and APG are expected to have applications in pharmaceuticals, functional foods, and cosmetics as antioxidant polysaccharides.
Topics: Glucans; Antioxidants; Polysaccharides; Sizofiran; beta-Glucans
PubMed: 37839833
DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121357 -
Journal of Fungi (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2023In this study, 99 strains of species were isolated from various samples collected from different locations in China, among which 14 isolates showed different...
In this study, 99 strains of species were isolated from various samples collected from different locations in China, among which 14 isolates showed different morphological characteristics to other strains identified as known species. Based on morphological characteristics, those 14 strains were classified into four groups, represented by stains of KCL139, MDSC-10, XZY411-4, and MQL9-100, respectively. Molecular analysis of the internal transcriptional spacer (ITS) and part of the large ribosome subunit (D1/D2 domains) indicated that those four groups represent four new species in the . Therefore, the names sp. nov., sp. nov., sp. nov., and sp. nov. are proposed for KCL139, MDSC-10, XZY411-4, and MQL9-100, respectively. We also found that there were differences in the yield of exopolysaccharides (EPS) among and within species, indicating strain-related exopolysaccharide-producing diversity.
PubMed: 37108901
DOI: 10.3390/jof9040447 -
Environment International Oct 2020Bioaerosol particles, originated from many different earth ground sources, have unique health impacts, including respiratory infections, allergic reactions, and toxic...
Bioaerosol particles, originated from many different earth ground sources, have unique health impacts, including respiratory infections, allergic reactions, and toxic effects. Here, we applied a portable high-flow sampler HighBioTrap to collect and investigate bioaerosol emissions from 13 different land types (forest, wetland, lake, bare soil, cropland, wastewater treatment facility, street, livestock farm, smeltery and garden) that are heavily or less affected by humans. Plate cultivation, real-time quantitative PCR analysis (q-PCR) and high-throughput gene sequencing analysis were used to characterize bacterial and fungal levels as well as their community structures emitted from different land use types. Results showed that there were statistically significant differences in biological emission levels (up to 100-fold difference) and diversity among different land use types. Cropland, sewage plant street and smeltery heavily affected by human activities were found to exhibit higher bioaerosol emission levels, with Massilia genus detected as the dominant species. In contrast, some land types (lakes, forests, gardens, and wetland) less affected by humans were found to emit lower bioaerosol levels but with higher culturability, e.g., up to 16% for wetland. In addition, the microbiological structures of these land-use types usually had higher species richness and diversity, yet different dominant species. For some land types such as streets in Beijing, the microbial community appeared to be skewed with an over 80% relative abundance of a specific dominant species such as Massilia. Other detected dominant species also included Acinetobacter and Brevundimonas for street, and Sphingomonas for wetland. For fungal community, Naganishia, Alternaria, Penicillium, and Aureobasidium were detected to be most abundant. RDA analysis showed metals and ions could to some extent affect the microbial community structures. This work highlights that the human activities could substantially affect the airborne microbiota, which in turn could affect local human health and ecosystems. On the other hand, the results here provide important references for quantitatively estimating the microbial emissions from the earth into the atmosphere.
Topics: Beijing; Forests; Humans; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Wetlands
PubMed: 32717647
DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2020.105988 -
IScience Apr 2021Binding to surfaces by fungal spores is a prerequisite to biofilm formation. The interactions of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), glass, and silicon with three fungal...
Binding to surfaces by fungal spores is a prerequisite to biofilm formation. The interactions of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), glass, and silicon with three fungal spores, of differing shapes and sizes ( 1957, 1988, and ), were investigated. A multifractal analysis was conducted to provide quantitative measures of density, dispersion, and clustering of spores on the surfaces. The PTFE, glass, and silicon surfaces presented a range of surface topographies and wettabilities. PTFE was the roughest and most non-wettable surface, whereas silicon was the opposite in terms of both these aspects. The species were more non-wettable than . Overall, 1957 attached in higher numbers to PTFE, whereas 1988 and bound in highest numbers to glass. The results of this work demonstrated that the overall substratum surface roughness influenced spore binding rather than the physicochemical or chemical properties of surfaces or spores.
PubMed: 33898943
DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.102333 -
Environmental Microbiome Mar 2023Fresh vegetables harbor an assemblage of different microorganisms on their surfaces. The phyllosphere microbiota is important for maintaining plant health and managing...
BACKGROUND
Fresh vegetables harbor an assemblage of different microorganisms on their surfaces. The phyllosphere microbiota is important for maintaining plant health and managing crop quality before and after harvest. However, the diversity and ecology of fungal communities are largely unexplored in fresh vegetables. This study investigated the phyllosphere mycobiota of field-grown broccoli florets (n = 66) collected from 22 farms across four regions in Korea, using culturing, amplicon sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer region, and microbial network analysis.
RESULTS
Microbial network analysis identified core genera (Purpureocillium, Filobasidium, Cystofilobasidium, Papiliotrema, Aureobasidium, and unclassified genera of Capnodiales) specific to the broccoli phyllosphere. The composition and network complexity of core and unique populations varied among farming regions, and was associated with local agro-meteorological conditions. The complexity of microbial associations was higher in mature communities than in immature communities, but complexity was lost upon development of plant pathogenic disease. Broccoli mycobiota were classified according to the dominance of Purpurecillium. While Purpurecillium-type microbiota were prevalent in normal samples, Filobasidium-type microbiota were frequently observed in immature, damaged, or postharvest samples.
CONCLUSIONS
Together, fungal communities were important components of phyllosphere microbiota on fresh vegetables, and have substantial potential for exploitation to enhance and stabilize plant health and growth.
PubMed: 36855218
DOI: 10.1186/s40793-023-00474-0 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023is an important pathogenic fungus affecting many crops and is one of the main sources of their aflatoxin contamination. The primary method of limiting this pathogen is...
is an important pathogenic fungus affecting many crops and is one of the main sources of their aflatoxin contamination. The primary method of limiting this pathogen is using chemical fungicides, but researchers focus on searching for other effective agents for its control due to many disadvantages and limitations of these agrochemicals. The results obtained in the present study indicate the high potential of two yeast strains, PP4 and ZD1, in the biological control of Under in vitro conditions, mycelial growth was reduced by 53.61% and 63.05%, and spore germination was inhibited by 68.97% and 79.66% by ZD1 and PP4 strains, respectively. Both strains produced the lytic enzymes chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase after 5 days of cultivation with cell wall preparations (CWP) of in the medium as a carbon source. In addition, the tested yeasts showed the ability to grow over a wide range of temperatures (4-30 °C), pH (4-11), and salinity (0-12%) and showed tolerance to fungicides at concentrations corresponding to field conditions. Both isolates tested were highly tolerant to cupric oxychloride, showing biomass gains of 85.84% (ZD1) and 87.25% (PP4). Biomass growth in the presence of fungicides azoxystrobin was 78.71% (ZD1) and 82.65% (PP4), while in the presence of difenoconazole, it was 70.09% (ZD1) and 75.25% (PP4). The yeast strains were also tested for antagonistic effects against directly on tomato fruit. Both isolates acted effectively by reducing lesion diameter from 29.13 mm (control) to 8.04 mm (PP4) and 8.83 mm (ZD1).
PubMed: 36678949
DOI: 10.3390/plants12020236