-
Cognition Aug 2022Previous studies have shown that stimuli triggering higher arousal (e.g., attractiveness) can access awareness faster than those triggering lower arousal, yet no studies...
Previous studies have shown that stimuli triggering higher arousal (e.g., attractiveness) can access awareness faster than those triggering lower arousal, yet no studies have examined the effect of food calories. Since food brings us energy, satiety, and positive emotions, food stimuli bringing higher arousal would likely have higher priority in accessing awareness over those with lower arousal. We used high-calorie and low-calorie food stimuli as representatives for high and low arousal stimuli, respectively, based on the tight relationship between calorie and arousal. By adopting the breaking continuous flash suppression (b-CFS) paradigm, we had high-calorie and low-calorie food pictures or words presented dichoptically with dynamic Mondrian masks and measured the time for food stimuli to be released from suppression. Our results showed that high-calorie food pictures could access visual awareness faster than low-calorie food pictures (Experiment 1), and the reverse pattern was observed for food words (Experiment 2). We ruled out the possibility of the difference in low-level features (Experiment 3) and post-perceptual response bias (Experiment 4) as the causes for the observed b-CFS time differences. This study revealed the dissociation of the unconscious processing of pictures and words, which may rely on mechanisms related to attentional capture. High-arousing stimuli do not always enjoy priority in accessing visual awareness.
Topics: Arousal; Attention; Awareness; Emotions; Food; Humans; Photic Stimulation
PubMed: 35489159
DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2022.105144 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2021Accurate localization of touch requires the integration of two reference frames-an internal (e.g., anatomical) and an external (e.g., spatial). Using a tactile temporal...
Accurate localization of touch requires the integration of two reference frames-an internal (e.g., anatomical) and an external (e.g., spatial). Using a tactile temporal order judgement task with the hands crossed over the midline, we investigated the integration of these two reference frames. We manipulated the reliability of the visual and vestibular information, both of which contribute to the external reference frame. Visual information was manipulated between experiments (Experiment 1 was done with full vision and Experiment 2 was done while wearing a blindfold). Vestibular information was manipulated in both experiments by having the two groups of participants complete the task in both an upright posture and one where they were lying down on their side. Using a Bayesian hierarchical model, we estimated the perceptual weight applied to these reference frames. Lying participants on their side reduced the weight applied to the external reference frame and produced a smaller deficit; blindfolding resulted in similar reductions. These findings reinforce the importance of the visual system when weighting tactile reference frames, and highlight the importance of the vestibular system in this integration.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Awareness; Female; Humans; Male; Models, Biological; Posture; Space Perception; Touch Perception
PubMed: 34188078
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92192-1 -
The Journal of Neuroscience : the... Apr 2020To date it is poorly understood how and when deviance processing interacts with awareness and task relevance. Furthermore, an important issue in the study of...
To date it is poorly understood how and when deviance processing interacts with awareness and task relevance. Furthermore, an important issue in the study of consciousness is the prevalent confound of conscious perception with the requirement of reporting it. This study addresses these topics using a no-report inattentional blindness paradigm with a visual oddball sequence of geometrical shapes presented to male and female human participants. Electrophysiological responses were obtained in three physically identical Phases A-C that differed only with respect to the instructions: (A) participants were uninformed about the shapes and attended an unrelated foreground task (inattentional blind), (B) were informed about the shapes but still attended the foreground task, and (C) attended the shapes. Conscious processing of shapes was indexed by the visual awareness negativity but not a P3. Deviance processing was associated with the visual mismatch negativity independently of consciousness and task relevance. The oddball P3, however, only emerged when the stimuli were task relevant, and was absent for consciously perceived but task irrelevant stimuli. The P3 thus does not represent a reliable marker of stimulus awareness. This result pattern supports the view of hierarchical predictive processing, where lower levels display automatic deviance processing, whereas higher levels require attention and task relevance. To react to potentially important changes in our environment it is fundamental to detect deviations from regularities of sensory input. It has yet to be understood how awareness and task relevance of this input interact with deviance processing. We investigated the role of awareness in deviance detection while at the same time circumventing the confound of awareness and report by means of a no-report paradigm. Our results suggest that early processes are elicited automatically, whereas, contrary to prominent theories, late processes do not depend on awareness but on task-based attention.
Topics: Adult; Attention; Awareness; Brain; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials; Female; Humans; Male; Visual Perception; Young Adult
PubMed: 32122954
DOI: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2077-19.2020 -
Human Factors Apr 2024This study evaluated the causal relationships among situation awareness (SA), cohesion, and autonomic synchrony () within teams. SA is often a team effort and should be...
OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated the causal relationships among situation awareness (SA), cohesion, and autonomic synchrony () within teams. SA is often a team effort and should be more accurate in better-functioning teams.
BACKGROUND
Cohesive teams perform better overall, although the relationship appears reciprocal; the relationship to SA has not been considered previously. is a collective neurocognitive activity that has been connected to team coordination, communication, and performance in some circumstances.
METHOD
In this experiment, 71 undergraduates, organized into 16 teams, played two matches of a first-person shooter computer game and completed self-report measures of cohesion and SA. was determined through time series analysis of electrodermal responses using the driver-empath framework.
RESULTS
Empaths and those who came from more synchronized teams reported cohesion in the team. Granger causality regression showed reciprocal relations among SA, and cohesion that were both positive and negative after controlling for match difficulty.
CONCLUSION
The cohesion-SA relationship is similar to the reciprocal cohesion-performance relationship. plays an important and independent role in both the social and cognitive aspects of team behavior. It is possible, furthermore, that individuals who are more attuned to their co-workers reported a more accurate, and less obliging, social situation.
APPLICATION
Results are applicable to situations requiring teamwork in a dynamic environment.
Topics: Humans; Awareness; Autonomic Nervous System
PubMed: 35973125
DOI: 10.1177/00187208221118301 -
Consciousness and Cognition Oct 2020Does a visual percept emerge to consciousness in a graded manner (i.e. evolving through increasing degrees of clarity), or according to a dichotomous, "all-or-none"... (Review)
Review
Does a visual percept emerge to consciousness in a graded manner (i.e. evolving through increasing degrees of clarity), or according to a dichotomous, "all-or-none" pattern (i.e. abruptly transitioning from unawareness to awareness)? The level of processing hypothesis (LoP; B. Windey and A. Cleeremans, 2015) recently proposed a theoretical framework where the transition from unaware to aware visual experience is graded for low-level stimulus representations (i.e. stimulus "energy" or "feature" levels) whereas it is dichotomous for high-level (i.e. the perception of "letters", "words" or "meaning") stimulus perception. Here, we will critically review current behavioral and brain-based evidence on the LoP hypothesis and discuss potential challenges (such as differences in LoP conceptualizations, awareness scale related issues, attentional confounds and divergences on experimental factors or statistical analyses) which might be of use for future research within the field. Overall, the LoP hypothesis is a recent and promising proposal that attempts to integrate divergent evidence on the graded vs. dichotomous emergence of awareness debate. Whereas current evidence validates some of the assumptions proposed by the LoP account, there is still much work to do on both methodological and experimental levels. Future neuroimaging studies might help to disentangle the current complex pattern of results found in LoP studies and, importantly, shed some light on the ongoing debate about the search for the Neural Correlates of Consciousness (NCC).
Topics: Awareness; Brain; Consciousness; Humans; Visual Perception
PubMed: 32950722
DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2020.103022 -
Scientific Reports Mar 2023Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is the new paradigm to perform different healthcare applications with different services in daily life. Healthcare applications...
Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is the new paradigm to perform different healthcare applications with different services in daily life. Healthcare applications based on IIoT paradigm are widely used to track patients health status using remote healthcare technologies. Complex biomedical sensors exploit wireless technologies, and remote services in terms of industrial workflow applications to perform different healthcare tasks, such as like heartbeat, blood pressure and others. However, existing industrial healthcare technoloiges still has to deal with many problems, such as security, task scheduling, and the cost of processing tasks in IIoT based healthcare paradigms. This paper proposes a new solution to the above-mentioned issues and presents the deep reinforcement learning-aware blockchain-based task scheduling (DRLBTS) algorithm framework with different goals. DRLBTS provides security and makespan efficient scheduling for the healthcare applications. Then, it shares secure and valid data between connected network nodes after the initial assignment and data validation. Statistical results show that DRLBTS is adaptive and meets the security, privacy, and makespan requirements of healthcare applications in the distributed network.
Topics: Humans; Blockchain; Algorithms; Awareness; Biomedical Technology; Delivery of Health Care; Computer Security
PubMed: 36914679
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-29170-2 -
British Dental Journal Jan 2024As dental professionals, reflective practice is considered a key element of learning and development and is therefore encouraged by both dental educational...
As dental professionals, reflective practice is considered a key element of learning and development and is therefore encouraged by both dental educational establishments and the regulator. However, following an adverse event, rather than undertaking what is assumed as reflection, and subsequently moving forward with a deeper understanding, many practitioners will ruminate for days/weeks or even months on the situation and internalise the emotional impact. This ruminating process can lead to issues of poor wellbeing and little constructive learning and can ultimately impact on patient care. Therefore, it is vital as a profession that we understand the difference between reflection and rumination and are aware of the predisposing factors. In addition, strategies to facilitate effective reflective practice and discourage rumination should be enabled.
Topics: Humans; Learning; Awareness; Clinical Competence
PubMed: 38225309
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-6616-9 -
Nursing Jul 2022
Topics: Awareness; Humans; Sarcoma
PubMed: 35752915
DOI: 10.1097/01.NURSE.0000832332.67820.48 -
PloS One 2023Cannabis is the third most commonly used drug worldwide, with studies suggesting a deleterious effect on some aspects of performance monitoring. It is unknown, however,...
BACKGROUND
Cannabis is the third most commonly used drug worldwide, with studies suggesting a deleterious effect on some aspects of performance monitoring. It is unknown, however, whether diminished error awareness influences adaptive behaviour in cannabis users. Therefore, this study examined the effect of error awareness on learning from errors in cannabis users.
METHODS
Thirty-six chronic cannabis users (Mage = 23.81 years; female, 36%) and 34 controls (Mage = 21.53 years; female, 76%) completed a Go/No-Go task that allowed participants to learn from errors and adapt their behaviour. Multilevel models were specified to determine whether the effect of error awareness on learning from errors differs between cannabis users and controls, and whether cannabis-use measures predict error correction while accounting for error awareness.
RESULTS
While error awareness and correction rates did not differ between the groups, there was a significant effect of age of use onset on error correction in cannabis users. Further, the effect of error awareness was dependent on age of onset, and cannabis use-related frequency and harm. That is, cannabis users reporting an earlier age of regular use or scoring higher on the cannabis use index were less likely to perform correctly following an aware error.
CONCLUSION
It appears overall cannabis use might not be tightly coupled to behavioural indices of performance monitoring. There is evidence, however, that aspects of cannabis use predict impairments in learning from errors that may be associated with treatment outcomes.
Topics: Humans; Female; Cannabis; Awareness; Hallucinogens
PubMed: 36976776
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0283158 -
HERD Jan 2024The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between situation awareness (SA) and the physical environment in patient rooms through building a conceptual... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE
The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between situation awareness (SA) and the physical environment in patient rooms through building a conceptual model.
BACKGROUND
Nurses work in very complicated and dynamic environments where having high levels of SA could be critical for their performance. Studies have also shown that nurses' awareness of the physical environment and patient room is a part of their awareness of dynamic situations in which nurses' spatial awareness may play a role in SA. Despite literature outlining the importance of SA, there is a lack of studies exploring the relationship between the two.
METHOD
A literature review was conducted for the study from nursing and psychology databases. Thirty-three articles, books, and dissertations from a scoping review were included for in-depth review.
RESULTS
An in-depth review of the harvested literature indicated that there is in fact a relationship between these two phenomena. Founded on Endsley's model of SA, the literature review in this study offers a conceptual model that articulates a plausible causal pathway between the physical environment and SA.
CONCLUSIONS
There are a lot of studies focusing on SA and various aspects of it related to nursing, but almost none mention the physical environment and its impact on SA. The current inquiry suggests that spatial awareness plays a prominent role in SA.
Topics: Humans; Awareness; Cognition; Models, Theoretical
PubMed: 37574875
DOI: 10.1177/19375867231192116