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Comparative Biochemistry and... Aug 2022This study investigates the therapeutic activity of daidzein, an isoflavone that occurs naturally in plants and herbs, against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in...
This study investigates the therapeutic activity of daidzein, an isoflavone that occurs naturally in plants and herbs, against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells in-vitro and zebrafish model in-vivo. The in-vitro studies revealed that daidzein protected MDCK cells from gentamicin-induced inflammation by suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis. The zebrafish were divided into groups and injected with gentamicin (140 mg/mL) to induce nephrotoxic conditions. After injection, renal dysfunction, nitric oxide production, antioxidant consumption, exaggerated apoptosis, and inflammation were all observed in the zebrafish model. We also observed that during kidney inflammation in zebrafish, pro-inflammatory cytokines such as cyclooxygenase (COX-2), tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) are upregulated. Furthermore, daidzein treatment after gentamicin injection showed a strong protective anti-inflammatory effect. Daidzein activity was associated with an increase in antioxidant biomarkers such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione reductase (GSH), whereas lipid peroxidation (LPO) and nitric oxide (NO) production were decreased in a dose-dependent factor. Moreover, histopathological alteration caused by gentamicin in zebrafish kidneys was normalized due to daidzein treatment. Daidzein also downregulated the pro-inflammatory cytokines gene expression in gentamicin-induced kidney inflammation in zebrafish. These results revealed that daidzein could potentially prevent nephrotoxic conditions through pro-inflammatory cytokines inhibition and its antioxidant property.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Cytokines; Dogs; Gentamicins; Inflammation; Isoflavones; Kidney; Nitric Oxide; Oxidative Stress; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Zebrafish
PubMed: 35523404
DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109364 -
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, toxicity, and formulations of daidzein: An important isoflavone.Phytotherapy Research : PTR Jun 2023Daidzein, 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one is a naturally occurring compound present in leguminous plants, especially in soybeans. Chemically it belongs to... (Review)
Review
Daidzein, 7-hydroxy-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-4H-chromen-4-one is a naturally occurring compound present in leguminous plants, especially in soybeans. Chemically it belongs to the isoflavone class and possesses high nutritive value. Daidzein acts on estrogen receptor and is non-steroidal in nature hence it can also be called as non-steroidal phytoestrogenic compound. Daidzein has been studied by many researchers for its pharmacological activities. Daidzein metabolites were also studied in detail for their health benefits. Researchers have developed novel formulations of daidzein in the past few years to improve its aqueous solubility and bioavailability. Self-emulsified daidzein, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid daidzein nanoparticles, nanoemulsion, nanoemulsion gel, and co-crystals are a few of them. The present review provides detailed information on the chemistry, drug development aspects, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of daidzein. A literature search was performed using various datasets like PubMed, EBSCO, ProQuest Scopus, and selected websites including the National Institutes of Health and the World Health Organization. Daidzein has a wide range of pharmacodynamic properties in the treatment of cancer, neurodegenerative disorders, cardiac disorders, diabetes and its complication, osteoporosis, and skin disorders. The pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamics, and drug development aspects of daidzein will help researchers to design further research work on daidzein in the future.
Topics: Isoflavones; Glycine max; Phytoestrogens; Biological Availability
PubMed: 37118928
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7852 -
European Journal of Pharmacology Mar 2022Myocardial fibrosis is a concomitant bioprocess associated with many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Daidzein is an isoflavone that has been used for the treatment of...
Myocardial fibrosis is a concomitant bioprocess associated with many cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Daidzein is an isoflavone that has been used for the treatment of CVDs. This study aimed to reveal its role in myocardial fibrosis. Our results indicate that daidzein had a nontoxic effect on cardiac fibroblasts and that TGF-β1 and TGFβRI levels were gradually decreased by daidzein in a dose-dependent manner. In the current study, we show that daidzein significantly inhibited TGF-β1-induced mRNA and protein expression of α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III. Accordingly, immunofluorescence staining of α-SMA was performed. Daidzein also inhibited TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibroblast proliferation and migration. Mechanistically, daidzein inhibited the TGF-β/SMAD signaling pathway induced by TGF-β1 in cardiac fibroblasts. Additionally, daidzein ameliorated MI-induced cardiac dysfunction and cardiac fibrosis in vivo. Based on these findings, we conclude that daidzein reduces TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibroblast activation by partially regulating the TGF-β1/SMAD2/3 signaling pathway.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fibroblasts; Fibrosis; Growth Inhibitors; Humans; Isoflavones; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Myocardium; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Signal Transduction; Smad2 Protein; Transforming Growth Factor beta1; Mice
PubMed: 35151651
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2022.174805 -
Journal of Food Biochemistry Jul 2022
PubMed: 35434824
DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14171 -
Nutrients Nov 2023A possible link between diet and cancer has long been considered, with growing interest in phytochemicals. Soy isoflavones have been associated with a reduced risk of... (Review)
Review
A possible link between diet and cancer has long been considered, with growing interest in phytochemicals. Soy isoflavones have been associated with a reduced risk of prostate cancer in Asian populations. Of the soy isoflavones, genistein and daidzein, in particular, have been studied, but recently, equol as a derivative has gained interest because it is more biologically potent. Different mechanisms of action have already been studied for the different isoflavones in multiple conditions, such as breast, gastrointestinal, and urogenital cancers. Many of these mechanisms of action could also be demonstrated in the prostate, both in vitro and in vivo. This review focuses on the known mechanisms of action at the cellular level and compares them between genistein, daidzein, and equol. These include androgen- and estrogen-mediated pathways, regulation of the cell cycle and cell proliferation, apoptosis, angiogenesis, and metastasis. In addition, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects and epigenetics are addressed.
Topics: Male; Humans; Genistein; Equol; Glycine max; Isoflavones; Prostatic Neoplasms
PubMed: 38068715
DOI: 10.3390/nu15234856 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2021Daidzein is a phytoestrogen isoflavone found in soybeans and other legumes. The chemical composition of daidzein is analogous to mammalian estrogens, and it could be... (Review)
Review
Daidzein is a phytoestrogen isoflavone found in soybeans and other legumes. The chemical composition of daidzein is analogous to mammalian estrogens, and it could be useful with a dual-directional purpose by substituting/hindering with estrogen and estrogen receptor (ER) complex. Hence, daidzein puts forth shielding effects against a great number of diseases, especially those associated with the control of estrogen, such as breast cancer, diabetes, osteoporosis, and cardiovascular disease. However, daidzein also has other ER-independent biological activities, such as oxidative damage reduction acting as an antioxidant, immune regulator as an anti-inflammatory agent, and apoptosis regulation, directly linked to its potential anticancer effects. In this sense, the present review is aimed at providing a deepen analysis of daidzein pharmacodynamics and its implications in human health, from its best-known effects alleviating postmenopausal symptoms to its potential anticancer and antiaging properties.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Humans; Isoflavones; Neoplasms; Neuroprotective Agents; Osteoporosis; Oxidative Stress; Glycine max
PubMed: 34539970
DOI: 10.1155/2021/6331630 -
Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) Apr 2021In this review, we explore the current literature on the influence of the plant isoflavone daidzein and its metabolite equol on animal and human physiological processes,... (Review)
Review
In this review, we explore the current literature on the influence of the plant isoflavone daidzein and its metabolite equol on animal and human physiological processes, with an emphasis on female reproduction including ovarian functions (the ovarian cycle; follicullo- and oogenesis), fundamental ovarian-cell functions (viability, proliferation, and apoptosis), the pituitary and ovarian endocrine regulators of these functions, and the possible intracellular mechanisms of daidzein action. Furthermore, we discuss the applicability of daidzein for the control of animal and human female reproductive processes, and how to make this application more efficient. The existing literature demonstrates the influence of daidzein and its metabolite equol on various nonreproductive and reproductive processes and their disorders. Daidzein and equol can both up- and downregulate the ovarian reception of gonadotropins, healthy and cancerous ovarian-cell proliferation, apoptosis, viability, ovarian growth, follicullo- and oogenesis, and follicular atresia. These effects could be mediated by daidzein and equol on hormone production and reception, reactive oxygen species, and intracellular regulators of proliferation and apoptosis. Both the stimulatory and the inhibitory effects of daidzein and equol could be useful for reproductive stimulation, the prevention and mitigation of cancer development, and the adverse effects of environmental stressors in reproductive biology and medicine.
PubMed: 33920641
DOI: 10.3390/ph14040373 -
Nutrients Jul 2023The gut microbiota is a dynamic community of bacteria distributed in the gastroenteric tract and changes in response to diseases, diet, use of antibiotics and... (Review)
Review
The gut microbiota is a dynamic community of bacteria distributed in the gastroenteric tract and changes in response to diseases, diet, use of antibiotics and probiotics, hygiene status, and other environmental factors. Dysbiosis, a disruption of the normal crosstalk between the host and the microbes, is associated with obesity, diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular diseases, is linked to a reduction of anti-inflammatory bacteria like and , and to an increase in the growth of proinflammatory species like and . Some plants possess anticancer properties and various studies have reported that some of these are also able to modulate the gut microbiota. The aim of this work is to evaluate the crucial relationship between medical plants and gut microbiota and the consequences on the onset and progression of cancer. In vivo studies about hematological malignancies showed that beta-glucans tie to endogenous antibeta glucan antibodies and to iC3b, an opsonic fragment of the central complement protein C3, leading to phagocytosis of antibody-targeted neoplastic cells and potentiation of the cytotoxic activity of the innate immune system if administered together with monoclonal antibodies. In conclusion, this review suggests the potential use of medical plants to improve gut dysbiosis and assist in the treatment of cancer.
Topics: Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Dysbiosis; Obesity; Bacteria; Diet; Neoplasms; Probiotics
PubMed: 37571264
DOI: 10.3390/nu15153327 -
Animal Nutrition (Zhongguo Xu Mu Shou... Dec 2022Our previous study found that soybean isoflavones in soybean meal play an important role in improving growth performance and antioxidant capacity in pigs. However, it is...
Our previous study found that soybean isoflavones in soybean meal play an important role in improving growth performance and antioxidant capacity in pigs. However, it is still unknown whether long-term supplementation with daidzein, an active molecule deglycosylated from daidzin, in a corn-soybean meal diet can enhance growth performance in pigs. Thus, in the present study, an animal trial was carried out to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation with daidzein on the growth performance and antioxidant capacity of pigs. A total of 80 weaned piglets (40 barrows and 40 females) were assigned to 4 treatments with 5 pens per treatment and 4 piglets per pen and fed a diet supplemented with 0, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg daidzein for a 72-day trial. In addition, porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) were used as an in vitro model to explore the underlying antioxidant mechanisms of daidzein. IPEC-J2 cells were treated with 0.6 mM hydrogen peroxide (HO) in the presence or absence of 40 μM daidzein. The results showed that adding 50 mg/kg of daidzein to the diet significantly improved body weight on day 72, average daily gain (ADG) during days 0 to 72 and plasma superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity on day 42 ( < 0.05). Treatment with 0.6 mM HO for 1 h significantly decreased cell viability and catalase (CAT) activity and increased intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and malondialdehyde (MDA) content ( < 0.05), while pretreatment with 40 μM daidzein prevented the decrease in cell viability and CAT activity and the increase in intracellular ROS levels and MDA content caused by HO ( < 0.05). In addition, HO stimulation significantly suppressed the expression of nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (), , occludin and zonula occludens-1 (), while pretreatment with daidzein preserved the expression of and occludin in HO-stimulated IPEC-J2 cells ( < 0.05). In conclusion, our results suggested that long-term dietary supplementation with 50 mg/kg daidzein improved growth performance in pigs and was beneficial to the antioxidant capacity of pigs. Daidzein exerted protective effects against HO-induced oxidative stress in IPEC-J2 cells and the underlying mechanism may be related to the activation of the Nrf2 signaling pathway.
PubMed: 36091258
DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.06.014 -
Phytotherapy Research : PTR Jun 2024Continuing research is being conducted on novel preventive and therapeutic drugs for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Daidzein has shown potential beneficial effects... (Review)
Review
Continuing research is being conducted on novel preventive and therapeutic drugs for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Daidzein has shown potential beneficial effects regarding various CVDs and risk factors. However, data in this regard are inconsistent, and there is an urge to accumulate. Therefore, we reviewed the effects of daidzein and daidzin on CVDs. We conducted a search through Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science from inception up to October 2023 to find studies with the primary intention of assessing the impacts of daidzein and daidzin on cardiovascular disease in various in vitro, animal, and clinical settings. In vitro and animal studies showed that daidzein and daidzin are effective in terms of reducing inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction, thromboembolism, hypertension, and aneurysms. However, clinical studies only confirmed a relatively small portion of the previous findings of the in vitro and animal investigations, including anti-hyperlipidemic effects. In conclusion, in vitro and animal studies have reported potential therapeutic effects for daidzein and daidzin regarding CVDs. However, most of the clinical studies were unable to exhibit the same results. Hence, further clinical studies are required to determine the outcomes of administering daidzein and its derivatives for an extended period and in various doses.
PubMed: 38847155
DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8261