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World Neurosurgery Jun 2023
Topics: Humans; Decision Making, Shared; Paternalism; Decision Making; Patient Participation; Physician-Patient Relations
PubMed: 37270221
DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2023.04.056 -
The Journal of Clinical Ethics 2020Shared decision making (SDM) is the state of the art for clinicians' communication with patients and surrogate decision makers. SDM involves give and take, in which all... (Review)
Review
Shared decision making (SDM) is the state of the art for clinicians' communication with patients and surrogate decision makers. SDM involves give and take, in which all parties interact to maximize the autonomy of patients. In this article I summarize the core steps of SDM and explore ways to use it to benefit patients to the greatest extent. I review three articles included in this issue of The Journal of Clinical Ethics that highlight additional approaches we can use to help patients and parents to see what may be in their own or their child's best interest. I describe how these approaches can be used in most other medical fields. I explore ways to share information with patients that are outside the usual scope of SDM. Finally, I discuss how we might look, together with patients, at what all parties are feeling before we begin the process of SDM.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Communication; Decision Making; Decision Making, Shared; Humans; Parents; Patient Participation; Patient-Centered Care; Physician-Patient Relations
PubMed: 33259335
DOI: No ID Found -
Trends in Cognitive Sciences Dec 2023Goals play a central role in human cognition. However, computational theories of learning and decision-making often take goals as given. Here, we review key empirical... (Review)
Review
Goals play a central role in human cognition. However, computational theories of learning and decision-making often take goals as given. Here, we review key empirical findings showing that goals shape the representations of inputs, responses, and outcomes, such that setting a goal crucially influences the central aspects of any learning process: states, actions, and rewards. We thus argue that studying goal selection is essential to advance our understanding of learning. By following existing literature in framing goal selection within a hierarchy of decision-making problems, we synthesize important findings on the principles underlying goal value attribution and exploration strategies. Ultimately, we propose that a goal-centric perspective will help develop more complete accounts of learning in both biological and artificial agents.
Topics: Humans; Goals; Reinforcement, Psychology; Decision Making; Motivation; Learning
PubMed: 37696690
DOI: 10.1016/j.tics.2023.08.011 -
Patient Education and Counseling Jul 2023
Topics: Humans; Decision Making, Shared; Decision Making; Patient Participation
PubMed: 37087921
DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107766 -
The Journal of Thoracic and... Jun 2023
Topics: Humans; Decision Making, Shared; Thoracic Surgery; Lung Neoplasms; Decision Making; Thoracic Surgical Procedures
PubMed: 36572590
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2022.12.001 -
Science China. Life Sciences Jun 2021One of the hallmarks of human society is the ubiquitous interactions among individuals. Indeed, a significant portion of human daily routine decision making is socially... (Review)
Review
One of the hallmarks of human society is the ubiquitous interactions among individuals. Indeed, a significant portion of human daily routine decision making is socially related. Normative economic theory, namely game theory, has prescribed the canonical decision strategy when "rational" social agents have full information about the decision environment. In reality, however, social decision is often influenced by the trait and state parameters of selves and others. Therefore, understanding the cognitive and neural processes of inferring the decision parameters is pivotal for social decision making. Recently, both correlational and causal non-invasive neuroimaging studies have started to reveal the critical neural computations underlying social learning and decision-making, and highlighted the unique roles of "social" brain structures such as temporal-parietal junction (TPJ) and dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). Here we review recent advances in social decision neuroscience and maintain the focus on how the inference about others is dynamically acquired during social learning, as well as how the prosocial (altruistic) behavior results from orchestrated interactions of different brain regions specified under the social utility framework. We conclude by emphasizing the importance of combining computational decision theory with the identification of neural mechanisms that represent, evaluate and integrate value related social information and generate decision variables guiding behavioral output in the complex social environment.
Topics: Brain; Decision Making; Humans; Social Learning
PubMed: 33247803
DOI: 10.1007/s11427-020-1833-8 -
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Feb 2023
Topics: Humans; Decision Making, Shared; Decision Making; Physician-Patient Relations; Patient Participation
PubMed: 35051389
DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.12.050 -
Journal of Obstetric, Gynecologic, and... Mar 2024XXXX.
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Topics: Pregnancy; Child; Infant, Newborn; Female; Humans; Decision Making, Shared; Perinatal Care; Decision Making
PubMed: 38403272
DOI: 10.1016/j.jogn.2024.02.003 -
Pediatrics Sep 2023Despite apparent disagreement in the scholarly literature on standards of pediatric decision making, a recognition that similar norms underpin many of the dominant...
Despite apparent disagreement in the scholarly literature on standards of pediatric decision making, a recognition that similar norms underpin many of the dominant frameworks motivated a June 2022 symposium "Best Interests and Beyond: Standards of Decision Making in Pediatrics" in St Louis, MO. Over the course of this 3-day symposium, 17 expert scholars (see author list) deliberated on the question "In the context of US pediatric care, what moral precepts ought to guide parents and clinicians in medical decision making for children?" The symposium and subsequent discussion generated 6 consensus recommendations for pediatric decision making, constructed with the primary goals of accessibility, teachability, and feasibility for practicing clinicians, parents, and legal guardians. In this article, we summarize these recommendations, including their justification, limitations, and remaining concerns.
Topics: Child; Humans; Consensus; Decision Making; Parents; Dissent and Disputes; Morals
PubMed: 37555276
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2023-061832 -
Medical Decision Making : An... Aug 2022
Topics: Choice Behavior; Decision Making; Decision Making, Shared; Humans
PubMed: 35819270
DOI: 10.1177/0272989X221109830