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Environmental Research Mar 2023nanofiltration membrane concentrate (NMC) is an emerging type of wastewater with significant environmental concerns. which can be treated efficiently by an integrated...
nanofiltration membrane concentrate (NMC) is an emerging type of wastewater with significant environmental concerns. which can be treated efficiently by an integrated method. In this study, magnetic biochar (MBC) pretreatment integrated with anaerobic digestion (AD) (MBC + AD) was used to treat NMC. Results showed that under the optimal MBC + AD conditions, 79%, 69.4%, 52.9%, and 86.5% of COD, total nitrogen (TN), chromaticity, and light absorbing substances were reduced. For heavy metals removal, 18.3%, 70.0%, 96.4%, 43.8% and 97.5% of Cr (VI), Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn were removed, respectively. LC-MS analysis indicated that p-nitrophenol (4-NP) diethyl and phthalate (DEP) were the main organic pollutants in NMC with a removal rate of 60% and 90%. Compared with single AD, in MBC + AD samples, bacterial activity was improved, and genus DMER64 (23.2%) was dominant. The predominant archaea were Methanocorpusculum (53.3%) and Methanosarcina (25.3%), with microbial restructuring and slight methane generation. Additionally, metabolic pathway prediction revealed that both bacterial and archaeal metabolism were significantly enhanced, contributing to the central functional pathways, namely microbial activity metabolism and biodegradation metabolism. In addition, the significantly increased genera Syner-01, Vulcanibacillus, Methanocorpusculum, and Norank_c_Bathyarchaeia were significantly positively related to metabolic function. This finding demonstrated that MBC + AD enhanced contaminant removal, mainly by regulating bacterial diversity and activity. Moreover, the toxicity of NMC decreased after MBC + AD treatment. This study provides a potential biological strategy for the treatment of membrane concentrates and water recovery.
Topics: Sewage; Anaerobiosis; Wastewater; Bacteria; Archaea; Magnetic Phenomena; Bioreactors; Methane
PubMed: 36640939
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115245 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021Long-term supplementation of a high-concentrate diet enhances the accumulation of lactate and decrease in pH in goat rumen, thereby disrupting the composition of...
Long-term supplementation of a high-concentrate diet enhances the accumulation of lactate and decrease in pH in goat rumen, thereby disrupting the composition of microbial community. Studies have shown that incorporation of thiamine in high-concentrate diet increases ruminal pH and decreases rumen lactate concentration. To explore the effects of thiamine supplementation with a high-concentrate diet on alteration of the whole ruminal microbiota and their metabolites, 18 mid-lactating Saanen goats were randomly fed with one of three diets: (1) control diet (CON; = 6; concentrate:forage 30:70), (2) high-concentrate diet (HG; = 6; concentrate:forage 70:30), and (3) high-concentrate diet with 200 mg of thiamine/kg of DMI (HGT; = 6; concentrate:forage 70:30). The goats received experimental diets for 8 weeks. Ruminal samples were collected on the last day of the 8 weeks for 16S rRNA gene sequencing and the liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometer (LC-MS) analysis. The results revealed significant alterations of the ruminal bacterial community structure and diversity in HGT groups compared to HG groups, with an overall dominance of Bacteroidetes at the phylum level and ( < 0.05), ( < 0.01), and ( < 0.01) at genus level in the HGT group. The LC-MS analysis revealed that thiamine supplementation resulted in lower levels of propionate ( < 0.05), pyruvate ( < 0.01), lactate ( < 0.05), putrescine ( < 0.05), tyramine ( < 0.05), and histamine ( < 0.01) and higher levels of acetate ( < 0.05), succinates ( < 0.01), oxaloacetic acid ( < 0.01), leucine ( < 0.01), valine ( < 0.05), linoleic acid ( < 0.05), docosahexaenoic acid ( < 0.05), and 4-phenylbutyric acid ( < 0.05) in the HGT group than in the HG group. The decrease in these compounds enhanced homeostasis in the rumen environment and suppressed epithelial inflammation. Correlation analysis revealed the potential relationships between ruminal metabolites and microbial community. These findings demonstrate that thiamine supplementation can alleviate subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) by stabilizing the microbial community and reducing toxic unnatural compounds.
PubMed: 33897666
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.653283 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2023Aplasia and hematological malignancies are treated with platelet transfusions, which can have major immunomodulatory effects. Platelet concentrates (PCs) contain many...
INTRODUCTION
Aplasia and hematological malignancies are treated with platelet transfusions, which can have major immunomodulatory effects. Platelet concentrates (PCs) contain many immunomodulatory elements, including the platelets themselves, residual leukocytes, extracellular vesicles, such as microparticles (MPs), cytokines and other soluble elements. Two of these components, MPs and a soluble form of CD27 (sCD27), have been shown to play a particularly important role in immune system modulation. The loss of CD27 expression is an irreversible marker of terminal effector CD3 T-lymphocyte (TL) differentiation, and the CD27 MPs present in PCs may maintain CD27 expression on the surface of TLs, and, thus, the activation of these cells.
METHODS
In this study, we phenotyped the CD27-expressing MPs present in PCs by microscale flow cytometry and investigated the interaction of these particles with CD4 TLs. We cocultured MPs and PBMCs and determined the origin of the CD27 expressed on the surface of CD4 TLs with the aid of two fluorochromes (BV510 for CD27 originating from MPs and BV786 for cellular CD27).
RESULTS
We showed that the binding of CD27- expressing MPs involved the CD70 molecule, which was also present on these MPs. Finally, the maintenance of CD27 expression on the surface of TLs by sorted CD27 MPs led to activation levels lower than those observed with other types of MPs.
DISCUSSION
These results for CD27-expressing MPs and their CD70-mediated targeting open up new possibilities for immunotherapy based on the use of MPs to maintain a phenotype or to target immune cells, for example. Moreover, decreasing the levels of CD27-expressing MPs in transfused platelets might also increase the chances of success for anti-CD27 monoclonal immunotherapy.
Topics: T-Lymphocytes; Cytokines; Lymphocyte Activation; Phenotype; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 36969173
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1043255 -
Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.) Apr 2024Anti-inflammatory activities of catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) in obese rodents protect against metabolic endotoxemia by decreasing intestinal permeability and... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
A green tea extract confection decreases circulating endotoxin and fasting glucose by improving gut barrier function but without affecting systemic inflammation: A double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial in healthy adults and adults with metabolic syndrome.
Anti-inflammatory activities of catechin-rich green tea extract (GTE) in obese rodents protect against metabolic endotoxemia by decreasing intestinal permeability and absorption of gut-derived endotoxin. However, translation to human health has not been established. We hypothesized that GTE would reduce endotoxemia by decreasing gut permeability and intestinal and systemic inflammation in persons with metabolic syndrome (MetS) compared with healthy persons. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover trial in healthy adults (n = 19, 34 ± 2 years) and adults with MetS (n = 21, 40 ± 3 years) examined 4-week administration of a decaffeinated GTE confection (890 mg/d total catechins) on serum endotoxin, intestinal permeability, gut and systemic inflammation, and cardiometabolic parameters. Compared with the placebo, the GTE confection decreased serum endotoxin (P = .023) in both healthy persons and those with MetS, while increasing concentrations of circulating catechins (P < .0001) and γ-valerolactones (P = .0001). Fecal calprotectin (P = .029) and myeloperoxidase (P = .048) concentrations were decreased by GTE regardless of health status. Following the ingestion of gut permeability probes, urinary lactose/mannitol (P = .043) but not sucralose/erythritol (P > .05) was decreased by GTE regardless of health status. No between-treatment differences (P > .05) were observed for plasma aminotransferases, blood pressure, plasma lipids, or body mass nor were plasma tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, or the ratio of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein/soluble cluster of differentiation-14 affected. However, fasting glucose in both study groups was decreased (P = .029) by the GTE confection compared with within-treatment arm baseline concentrations. These findings demonstrate that catechin-rich GTE is effective to decrease circulating endotoxin and improve glycemic control in healthy adults and those with MetS, likely by reducing gut inflammation and small intestinal permeability but without affecting systemic inflammation.
Topics: Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Double-Blind Method; Endotoxins; Adult; Male; Female; Plant Extracts; Tea; Catechin; Inflammation; Blood Glucose; Cross-Over Studies; Permeability; Endotoxemia; Fasting; Middle Aged; Intestinal Mucosa; Camellia sinensis; Acute-Phase Proteins; Carrier Proteins; Membrane Glycoproteins
PubMed: 38430822
DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.02.001 -
PloS One 2021Biodegradable plastics must be sufficiently stable to maintain functionality during use but need to be able to degrade rapidly after use. We previously reported that...
Biodegradable plastics must be sufficiently stable to maintain functionality during use but need to be able to degrade rapidly after use. We previously reported that treatment with an enzyme named PaE, secreted by the basidiomycete yeast Pseudozyma antarctica can speed up this degradation. To facilitate the production of large quantities of PaE, here, we aimed to elucidate the optimal conditions of ethanol treatment for sterilization of the culture supernatant and for concentration and stabilization of PaE. The results showed that Pseudozyma antarctica completely lost its proliferating ability when incubated in ≥20% (v/v) ethanol. When the ethanol concentration was raised to 90% (v/v), PaE formed a precipitate; however, its activity was restored completely when the precipitate was dissolved in water. To reduce ethanol use, PaE was successfully concentrated and recovered by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation and ethanol precipitation steps. Over 90% of the activity in the original culture supernatant was recovered and the specific activity was increased 3.4-fold. By preparing the enzyme solution at a final concentration of 20% (v/v) ethanol, about 60% of the initial activity was maintained at ambient temperature for over 6 months without growth of microbes. We conclude that ethanol treatment is effective for sterilization, concentration, and stabilization of PaE, and that concentrating PaE by sequential ammonium sulfate precipitation and ethanol precipitation substantially increases the PaE purity and decreases ethanol use.
Topics: Basidiomycota; Biodegradable Plastics; DNA, Fungal; Ethanol; Ustilaginales; Xylose
PubMed: 34086819
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0252811 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021This study aimed to determine the impact of sesame meal, selenium (Se), and vitamin E (VitE) on goats' oxidative status. Thirty mid-lactation crossbred goats were...
This study aimed to determine the impact of sesame meal, selenium (Se), and vitamin E (VitE) on goats' oxidative status. Thirty mid-lactation crossbred goats were divided into five homogeneous groups, and were fed 1 kg of alfalfa hay and 1.2 kg of concentrates daily. The control group (C) received a basal diet. In the concentrates of the treated groups, 10% of the soybean meal was replaced by sesame meal and no extra VitE or Se (SM), or an extra 60 mg of VitE (SME), or 0.1 mg organic Se (SMSe), or their combination (60 mg VitE and 0,1 mg organic Se/kg of concentrate (SMESe). In the plasma of the goats, the dietary treatments did not affect glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase activities, malondialdehyde (MDA) content, or the total antioxidant capacity. A reduction and a trend for lower protein carbonyls content was found in goats fed SM ( = 0.03) and SME ( = 0.06) compared to SMESe. In the milk, the lactoperoxidase activity decreased with SMSe and SMESe. A numerical decrease in the total antioxidant capacity and an increase in the MDA content in the milk of the SMESe group compared with the other treated groups was found. In mid-lactation goats, SM improves the oxidative status of both the organism and the milk.
PubMed: 33807783
DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030392 -
PloS One 2020Plants respond to changes in ultraviolet (UV) radiation both morphologically and physiologically. Among the variety of plant UV-responses, the synthesis of UV-absorbing...
Plants respond to changes in ultraviolet (UV) radiation both morphologically and physiologically. Among the variety of plant UV-responses, the synthesis of UV-absorbing flavonoids constitutes an effective non-enzymatic mechanism to mitigate photoinhibitory and photooxidative damage caused by UV stress, either reducing the penetration of incident UV radiation or acting as quenchers of reactive oxygen species (ROS). In this study, we designed a UV-exclusion experiment to investigate the effects of UV radiation in Silene littorea. We spectrophotometrically quantified concentrations of both anthocyanins and UV-absorbing phenolic compounds in petals, calyces, leaves and stems. Furthermore, we analyzed the UV effect on the photosynthetic activity in hours of maximum solar radiation and we tested the impact of UV radiation on male and female reproductive performance. We found that anthocyanin concentrations showed a significant decrease of about 20% with UV-exclusion in petals and stems, and a 30% decrease in calyces. The concentrations of UV-absorbing compounds under UV-exclusion decreased by approximately 25% in calyces and stems, and 12% in leaves. Photochemical efficiency of plants grown under UV decreased at maximum light stress, reaching an inhibition of 58% of photosynthetic activity, but their ability to recover after light-stress was not affected. In addition, exposure to UV radiation did not affect ovule production or seed set per flower, but decreased pollen production and total seed production per plant by 31% and 69%, respectively. Our results demonstrate that UV exposure produced opposing effects on the accumulation of plant phenolic compounds and reproduction. UV radiation increased the concentration of phenolic compounds, suggesting a photoprotective role of plant phenolics against UV light, yet overall reproduction was compromised.
Topics: Anthocyanins; Phenols; Photosynthesis; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Seasons; Seeds; Silene; Ultraviolet Rays
PubMed: 32555603
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231611 -
Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Jan 2022To clarify the characteristics and interannual variation of air pollution since the implementation of China's clean air actions, hourly in situ measurements of six...
To clarify the characteristics and interannual variation of air pollution since the implementation of China's clean air actions, hourly in situ measurements of six gaseous and particulate criteria pollutants at 100 sites in Shandong Province were studied during 2014-2018. General decreasing trends in the concentrations of PM, PM, NO, SO, and CO were observed, while O increased continuously. In 2018, the annual average PM, PM, NO, SO, and CO concentration in Shandong was 50, 100, 35, 16 μg m, and 1.5 mg m, representing decreases of 39%, 30%, 24%, 73%, and 35% from 2014, respectively. These decreases occurred throughout the province. Seven "2 + 26" cities (in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei and its surrounds) in western Shandong had higher average concentrations and greater reductions than other areas. In contrast, O concentration rose, with occurrences of the 90 percentile of all daily maximum 8-h averages increasing by 12% from 159 to 181 μg m, during 2014-2018. From May to September, O pollution dominated as the sole primary pollutant on non-attainment days, and PM contributed to more than 90% of polluted days in wintertime months. Population exposures were investigated based on high-resolution monitoring data and population distribution, and high exposure to pollution was displayed. The population-weighted exposure to PM in Shandong was 50 μg m, a decrease of 33%. Eighty-nine percentage of the provincial population was exposed to PM > 35 μg m, while for 99.2% of population in the seven "2 + 26" cities, PM exposure exceeded 50 μg m.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; China; Cities; Environmental Monitoring; Particulate Matter
PubMed: 35064834
DOI: 10.1007/s10661-022-09769-0 -
Journal of Special Operations Medicine... Oct 2023Our objective was to optimize a novel damage control resuscitation (DCR) cocktail composed of hydroxyethyl starch, vasopressin, and fibrinogen concentrate for the...
BACKGROUND
Our objective was to optimize a novel damage control resuscitation (DCR) cocktail composed of hydroxyethyl starch, vasopressin, and fibrinogen concentrate for the polytraumatized casualty. We hypothesized that slow intravenous infusion of the DCR cocktail in a pig polytrauma model would decrease internal hemorrhage and improve survival compared with bolus administration.
METHODS
We induced polytrauma, including traumatic brain injury (TBI), femoral fracture, hemorrhagic shock, and free bleeding from aortic tear injury, in 18 farm pigs. The DCR cocktail consisted of 6% hydroxyethyl starch in Ringer's lactate solution (14mL/kg), vasopressin (0.8U/kg), and fibrinogen concentrate (100mg/kg) in a total fluid volume of 20mL/kg that was either divided in half and given as two boluses separated by 30 minutes as control or given as a continuous slow infusion over 60 minutes. Nine animals were studied per group and monitored for up to 3 hours. Outcomes included internal blood loss, survival, hemodynamics, lactate concentration, and organ blood flow obtained by colored microsphere injection.
RESULTS
Mean internal blood loss was significantly decreased by 11.1mL/kg with infusion compared with the bolus group (p = .038). Survival to 3 hours was 80% with infusion and 40% with bolus, which was not statistically different (Kaplan Meier log-rank test, p = .17). Overall blood pressure was increased (p < .001), and blood lactate concentration was decreased (p < .001) with infusion compared with bolus. There were no differences in organ blood flow (p > .09).
CONCLUSION
Controlled infusion of a novel DCR cocktail decreased hemorrhage and improved resuscitation in this polytrauma model compared with bolus. The rate of infusion of intravenous fluids should be considered as an important aspect of DCR.
Topics: Swine; Animals; Infusions, Intravenous; Hemorrhage; Shock, Hemorrhagic; Hemodynamics; Multiple Trauma; Vasopressins; Hemostatics; Fibrinogen; Hydroxyethyl Starch Derivatives; Fluid Therapy; Lactates; Resuscitation; Isotonic Solutions; Disease Models, Animal
PubMed: 37224392
DOI: 10.55460/MB9O-LXOB -
Animal : An International Journal of... Jul 2021Short-term imbalances of dietary nutrients occur during natural fluctuations in roughage quality (e.g. on pasture) or temporal shortages of supplementary feed...
Short-term imbalances of dietary nutrients occur during natural fluctuations in roughage quality (e.g. on pasture) or temporal shortages of supplementary feed components. In contrast to a deficiency, macronutrients (i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, lipids) beyond the adequate supply with other nutrients may, for instance, alter milk composition, increase BW or result in a greater excretion of nitrogen. Especially dairy cows with a moderate performance, in mid- or late lactation, or in extensive farming systems may be exposed to imbalanced rations. A better understanding of metabolic and endocrine responses depending on macronutrient supply may help to precisely feed dairy cows. The present study investigated short-term metabolic and endocrine responses to different levels of concentrates formulated to particularly provide one major macronutrient source (carbohydrates, proteins or lipids). Based on parity number, lactational stage, milk yield and BW, nine mid-lactating cows (211 ± 19 days in milk) were grouped into three blocks of three animals each. Concentrates (aminogenic: rich in CP and nitrogen sources; glucogenic: high content of carbohydrates and glucogenic precursors; lipogenic: high lipid content) were fed in addition to hay in a factorial arrangement at increasing levels from 2.5 to 7.5 kg/d during 9 d. Milk yield, BW and feed intake were recorded daily. Blood and milk were sampled every 3 d at the end of each concentrate level. Milk fat, protein, lactose and urea contents were determined. In blood, concentrations of various metabolites, endocrine factors and enzyme activities (e.g. glucose, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs), β-hydroxybutyrate, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, insulin, glucagon, aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and glutamate dehydrogenase activity (GLDH)) were measured. Milk yield, milk composition and BW were not affected by type and level of concentrates. Feed intake increased in cows with greater amounts of the aminogenic and lipogenic concentrate compared with the glucogenic concentrate. Milk and plasma urea concentrations were elevated in the aminogenic and to a lesser extent in the lipogenic treatment compared with the glucogenic treatment. Glucose concentrations in plasma were not affected by treatments, whereas insulin and glucagon increased, and NEFA concentrations decreased only in cows fed 7.5 kg/d aminogenic concentrate compared with the glucogenic and lipogenic treatment. Activities of ASAT, GGT and GLDH as well as the total antioxidant capacity were not affected by diets. In conclusion, immediate metabolic and endocrine responses were observed due to the short-term dietary changes. Particularly, a surplus of nitrogen supply via the aminogenic diet affected metabolic responses and stimulated insulin and glucagon secretion.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animal Feed; Animals; Cattle; Diet; Female; Lactation; Milk; Nutrients; Pregnancy; Rumen
PubMed: 34182225
DOI: 10.1016/j.animal.2021.100306