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British Dental Journal Jul 2020
PubMed: 32651494
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-1908-9 -
Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery :... Mar 2020
PubMed: 32367911
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709952 -
Cognitive Science Apr 2023A central feature of our waking mental experience is that our attention naturally toggles back and forth between "external" and "internal" stimuli. In the midst of an...
A central feature of our waking mental experience is that our attention naturally toggles back and forth between "external" and "internal" stimuli. In the midst of an externally demanding task, attention can involuntarily shift internally with no clear reason how or why thoughts momentarily shifted inward. In the case of external attention, we are typically exploring and encoding aspects of our external world, whereas internal attention often involves searching for and retrieving potentially relevant information from our memory networks. Cognitive science has traditionally focused on understanding forms of internal and external attention separately, leaving a mystery about what sparks the seemingly automatic shifts between the two. Specifically, what shifts attentional focus from being outward-directed to being inward-directed? We present a candidate mechanism: Familiarity-detection.
Topics: Humans; Attention; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 37029521
DOI: 10.1111/cogs.13274 -
European Journal of Cardio-thoracic... Jul 2022
Topics: Aortic Valve; Fluoroscopy; Heart Valve Prosthesis; Humans; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement
PubMed: 35894655
DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezac390 -
Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.) Dec 2023Progress is ongoing in understanding paraneoplastic neurologic disorders, with new syndromes and antibodies being described and more detailed evidence available to guide...
OBJECTIVE
Progress is ongoing in understanding paraneoplastic neurologic disorders, with new syndromes and antibodies being described and more detailed evidence available to guide workup for diagnosis and treatment to improve outcomes. Many excellent reviews have summarized the molecular features of different antibodies, but this article emphasizes the clinical features of each syndrome that may help guide initial diagnosis and treatment, which often should occur before an antibody or cancer is found to confirm the diagnosis.
LATEST DEVELOPMENTS
Recent findings include updated diagnostic criteria with validated sensitivity and specificity, discovery of novel antibodies, and clinical findings that increase the likelihood of an underlying paraneoplastic disorder. Suggestive syndromes that have been recently identified include faciobrachial dystonic seizures and pilomotor auras in anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated protein 1 encephalitis, extreme delta brush on EEG in N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor encephalitis, déjà vu aura in anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65) encephalitis, and sleep disturbances in several disorders. In addition, there is confirmed utility of brain positron emission tomography (PET) and CSF markers, including carcinoembryonic antigen and oligoclonal bands, as well as improved tests for the presence of leptomeningeal cancer cells in CSF. Associations of cancer immunotherapies with paraneoplastic syndromes and herpes simplex virus encephalitis (and COVID-19) with NMDA-receptor encephalitis have been described.
ESSENTIAL POINTS
All neurologists should be aware of advances regarding paraneoplastic neurologic syndromes, as patients can present with a wide variety of neurologic symptoms and earlier diagnosis and treatment can improve outcomes.
Topics: Humans; N-Methylaspartate; Paraneoplastic Syndromes, Nervous System; Encephalitis; Autoantibodies; Epilepsy; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate
PubMed: 38085898
DOI: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001357 -
Memory (Hove, England) Aug 2021
Topics: Deja Vu; Dissociative Disorders; Humans
PubMed: 34372743
DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2021.1911197 -
International Journal of Hygiene and... Mar 2020There is an increasing use of so-called emerging substances or substances of emerging concern. These terms describe, inter alia, the replacement of commonly used... (Review)
Review
There is an increasing use of so-called emerging substances or substances of emerging concern. These terms describe, inter alia, the replacement of commonly used chemicals in formulations by supposedly less harmful chemicals. A well-known example is the shift from DEHP to higher molecular weight phthalates and later the shift from phthalates to DINCH, adipates, terephthalates, etc. Similar trends can be observed in the case of solvents and flame retardants. Over the years, new compound groups such as perfluorocarbons, UV-filters, synthetic musks, parabens, siloxanes, neonicotinoids and drug residues also appeared on the scene. Today, however, the term "emerging substances" has to be defined much more broadly as regards the indoor environment. As a result of the extensive measures for energy-related renovation, contaminated waste products such as asbestos, PCBs, PAHs and PCNs are once again forming the focus of attention as re-emerging chemicals. Many relevant compounds, in particular reaction products, were unknown until recently due to the fact, that they can only now be detected using highly sensitive methods. Furthermore, already known chemicals attract scientific and public interest through reclassification or through the derivation of indoor guideline and reference values. The classical way of monitoring emerging compounds is air and dust analysis and therefore, the spectrum of analytical techniques needs to be continuously broadened. However, there is also a demand for human biomarkers, preferably in urine. A further important aspect is the post-hoc analysis of house dust and urine samples, which are stored in environmental specimen banks. The identification and temporal tracking of emerging chemicals is thereby enabled. It is strongly recommended to take advantage of the possibilities resulting from the combination of classical interior analytics and human biomonitoring to promptly detect emerging pollutants and chemicals of concern.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution, Indoor; Dust; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Environmental Pollution; Flame Retardants; Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers; Housing; Humans; Phthalic Acids; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
PubMed: 31978722
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2019.113423 -
AIDS (London, England) Nov 2019
Topics: Folic Acid; HIV Infections; Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring; Humans; Oxazines; Piperazines; Pyridones
PubMed: 31577573
DOI: 10.1097/QAD.0000000000002314 -
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Nov 2023
PubMed: 37863571
DOI: 10.1016/j.gie.2023.07.049 -
Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews.... 2023In this article we review the literature on the phenomenology of retrieval from the personal past, and propose a framework for understanding how epistemic feelings and... (Review)
Review
In this article we review the literature on the phenomenology of retrieval from the personal past, and propose a framework for understanding how epistemic feelings and metacognitive reflections guide the retrieval of representations of past events in the Self Memory System. Our focus is on an overlooked aspect of autobiographical memory, the phenomenology of the retrieval process, as opposed to the products of retrieval themselves. As we argue in the present paper, this is not some magical collection of phenomena, but centers on the feeling of familiarity derived from retrieval fluency during the process of retrieval. The relationship between retrieval fluency and retrieved content, interpreted metacognitively is what gives autobiographical retrieval its particular phenomenological "flavor." To illustrate our point, we focus on two phenomena that only recently were considered alongside each other: the déjà vu experience and involuntary autobiographical memories. Our proposal is that the feeling of familiarity (i.e., this reminds me of something) for the personal past acts to guide deliberate, conscious memory search. We argue that the critical concept in the phenomenology of retrieval is fluency-how readily information comes to mind. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Memory Philosophy > Consciousness Philosophy > Knowledge and Belief.
Topics: Humans; Mental Recall; Emotions; Recognition, Psychology; Memory, Episodic
PubMed: 36458642
DOI: 10.1002/wcs.1638