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The Annals of Thoracic Surgery Nov 2022
PubMed: 34785246
DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2021.10.016 -
Seizure Aug 2023Dissociation is a "disruption of the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity or perception of the environment" according to DSM-5. It is... (Review)
Review
Dissociation is a "disruption of the usually integrated functions of consciousness, memory, identity or perception of the environment" according to DSM-5. It is commonly seen in psychiatric disorders including primary dissociative disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and panic disorder. Dissociative phenomena are also described in the context of substance intoxication, sleep deprivation and medical illnesses including traumatic brain injury, migraines, and epilepsy. Patients with epilepsy have higher rates of dissociative experiences as measured on the Dissociative Experiences Scale compared to healthy controls. Ictal symptoms, especially in focal epilepsy of temporal lobe origin, may include dissociative-like experiences such as déjà vu/jamais vu, depersonalization, derealization and what has been described as a "dreamy state". These descriptions are common in the setting of seizures that originate from mesial temporal lobe epilepsy and may involve the amygdala and hippocampus. Other ictal dissociative phenomena include autoscopy and out of body experiences, which are thought to be due to disruptions in networks responsible for the integration of one's own body and extra-personal space and involve the temporoparietal junction and posterior insula. In this narrative review, we will summarize the updated literature on dissociative experiences in epilepsy, as well as dissociative experiences in functional seizures. Using a case example, we will review the differential diagnosis of dissociative symptoms. We will also review neurobiological underpinnings of dissociative symptoms across different diagnostic entities and discuss how ictal symptoms may shed light on the neurobiology of complex mental processes including the subjective nature of consciousness and self-identity.
Topics: Humans; Seizures; Epilepsy; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Dissociative Disorders; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 37433243
DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2023.06.020 -
Drug Discovery Today May 2020In the past decade we have seen two major Ebola virus outbreaks in Africa, the Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas and the current pandemic of coronavirus disease... (Review)
Review
In the past decade we have seen two major Ebola virus outbreaks in Africa, the Zika virus in Brazil and the Americas and the current pandemic of coronavirus disease (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is a strong sense of déjà vu because there are still no effective treatments. In the COVID-19 pandemic, despite being a new virus, there are already drugs suggested as active in in vitro assays that are being repurposed in clinical trials. Promising SARS-CoV-2 viral targets and computational approaches are described and discussed. Here, we propose, based on open antiviral drug discovery approaches for previous outbreaks, that there could still be gaps in our approach to drug discovery.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Betacoronavirus; COVID-19; Chlorocebus aethiops; Computer Simulation; Coronavirus Infections; Drug Discovery; Drug Repositioning; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus; Molecular Docking Simulation; Pandemics; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Pneumonia, Viral; Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus; SARS-CoV-2; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus; Vero Cells; Zika Virus Infection; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 32320852
DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2020.03.019 -
Memory (Hove, England) Aug 2021Déjà vu is characterised by feelings of familiarity and concurrent awareness that this familiarity is wrong. Previous neuropsychological research has linked déjà vu...
Déjà vu is characterised by feelings of familiarity and concurrent awareness that this familiarity is wrong. Previous neuropsychological research has linked déjà vu during seizures in individuals with unilateral temporal-lobe epilepsy (uTLE) to rhinal-cortex abnormalities, and to recognition-memory deficits that selectively affect familiarity assessment. Here, we examined whether bilateral TLE patients with déjà vu (bTLE) show a similar pattern of performance. Using two experimental tasks, we found that bTLE patients exhibit deficits not only for familiarity but also for recollection. Relative to uTLE, this broader impairment also involved hippocampal abnormalities. Our findings confirm rhinal-cortex contributions to the generation of false familiarity in déjà vu that parallel its contributions to familiarity on recognition-memory tasks. While they do not rule out a role for recollection in identifying this familiarity as wrong, the deficits observed in bTLE patients weigh against the notion that any such role is necessary for déjà vu to occur.
Topics: Deja Vu; Epilepsy, Temporal Lobe; Humans; Memory Disorders; Mental Recall; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 31339436
DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1643891 -
Memory (Hove, England) Aug 2021Past research has demonstrated a relationship between déjà vu and the entorhinal cortex in patients with wider medial temporal lobe damage. The aim of the present...
Past research has demonstrated a relationship between déjà vu and the entorhinal cortex in patients with wider medial temporal lobe damage. The aim of the present research was to investigate this crucial link in a patient (MR) with a selective lesion to the left lateral entorhinal cortex to provide a more direct exploration of this relationship. Two experiments investigated the experiences of déjà vécu (using the IDEA questionnaire) and déjà vu (using an adapted DRM paradigm) in MR and a set of matched controls. The results demonstrated that MR had quantitatively more and qualitatively richer recollective experiences of déjà vécu. In addition, under laboratory-based déjà vu conditions designed to elicit both false recollection (critical lures) and false familiarity (weakly-associated lures), MR only revealed greater memory impairments for the latter. The present results are therefore the first to demonstrate a direct relationship between the entorhinal cortex and the experience of both déjà vu and déjà vécu. They furthermore suggest that the entorhinal cortex is involved in both weakly-associative false memory as well as strongly-associative memory under conditions that promote familiarity-based processing.
Topics: Entorhinal Cortex; Humans; Memory Disorders; Mental Recall; Recognition, Psychology; Temporal Lobe
PubMed: 30403917
DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2018.1543436 -
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences Nov 2023This commentary supports Barzykowski and Moulin's model, but departs from it on the question of functionality, where IAMs and déjà vu fractionate. The authors seem to...
This commentary supports Barzykowski and Moulin's model, but departs from it on the question of functionality, where IAMs and déjà vu fractionate. The authors seem to say that IAMs are functional, while déjà vu is not. As there is no hard evidence supporting the idea that IAMs are functional, I argue that both phenomena should be viewed as cognitive failures.
Topics: Humans; Deja Vu; Memory, Episodic; Cognition
PubMed: 37961774
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X23000213 -
New Ideas in Psychology Apr 2023The experiences associated with remembering, including metamemory feelings about the act of remembering and attempts at remembering, are not often integrated into...
The experiences associated with remembering, including metamemory feelings about the act of remembering and attempts at remembering, are not often integrated into general accounts of memory. For example, David Rubin (2022) proposes a unified, three-dimensional conceptual space for mapping memory states, a map that does not systematically specify metamemory feelings. Drawing on Rubin's model, we define a distinct role for metamemory in relation to first-order memory content. We propose a fourth dimension for the model and support the proposal with conceptual, neurocognitive, and clinical lines of reasoning. We use the modified model to illustrate several cases, and show how it helps to conceptualize a new category of memory state: , exemplified by . We also caution not to assume that memory experience is directly correlated with or caused by memory content, an assumption Tulving (1989) labeled the .
PubMed: 38223256
DOI: 10.1016/j.newideapsych.2022.100995 -
Journal of Intelligence Jun 2023Curiosity during learning increases information-seeking behaviors and subsequent memory retrieval success, yet the mechanisms that drive curiosity and its accompanying...
Curiosity during learning increases information-seeking behaviors and subsequent memory retrieval success, yet the mechanisms that drive curiosity and its accompanying information-seeking behaviors remain elusive. Hints throughout the literature suggest that curiosity may result from a metacognitive signal-possibly of closeness to a not yet accessible piece of information-that in turn leads the experiencer to seek out additional information that will resolve a perceptibly small knowledge gap. We examined whether metacognition sensations thought to signal the likely presence of an as yet unretrieved relevant memory (such as familiarity or déjà vu) might be involved. Across two experiments, when cued recall failed, participants gave higher curiosity ratings during reported déjà vu (Experiment 1) or déjà entendu (Experiment 2), and these states were associated with increased expenditure of limited experimental resources to discover the answer. Participants also spent more time attempting to retrieve information and generated more incorrect information when experiencing these déjà vu-like states than when not. We propose that metacognition signaling of the possible presence of an as yet unretrieved but relevant memory may drive curiosity and prompt information-seeking that includes further search efforts.
PubMed: 37367514
DOI: 10.3390/jintelligence11060112 -
Biomarkers in Medicine Dec 2020
Topics: COVID-19; Humans; Periodicals as Topic; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 33336593
DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2020-0524 -
BJOG : An International Journal of... Jan 2022
Topics: COVID-19; Civil Defense; Climate Change; Communicable Disease Control; Communicable Diseases, Emerging; Female; Health Services Needs and Demand; Humans; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Pandemics; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious; Public Health; SARS-CoV-2; Travel; Travel-Related Illness
PubMed: 34379870
DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16859