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The European Journal of Neuroscience Jan 2022The phenomenon of déjà vu (DV) has intrigued scientists for decades, yet its neurophysiological underpinnings remain elusive. Brain regions have been identified in...
Insights into déjà vu: Associations between the frequency of experience and amplitudes of low-frequency oscillations in resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging.
The phenomenon of déjà vu (DV) has intrigued scientists for decades, yet its neurophysiological underpinnings remain elusive. Brain regions have been identified in which morphometry differs between healthy individuals according to the frequency of their DV experiences. This study built upon these findings by assessing if and how neural activity in these and other brain regions also differ with respect to DV experience. Resting-state fMRI was performed on 68 healthy volunteers, 44 of whom reported DV experiences (DV group) and 24 who did not (NDV group). Using multivariate analyses, we then assessed the (fractional) amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (fALFF/ALFF), a metric that is believed to index brain tissue excitability, for five discrete frequency bands within sets of brain regions implicated in DV and those comprising the default mode network (DMN). Analyses revealed significantly lower values of fALFF/ALFF for specific frequency bands in the DV relative to the NDV group, particularly within mesiotemporal structures, bilateral putamina, right caudatum, bilateral superior frontal cortices, left lateral parietal cortex, dorsal and ventral medial prefrontal cortex, and the posterior cingulate cortex. The pattern of differences in fALFF/ALFF measures between the brains of individuals who have experienced DV and those who have not provides new neurophysiological insights into this phenomenon, including the potential role of the DMN. We suggest that the erroneous feeling of familiarity arises from a temporary disruption of cortico-subcortical circuitry together with the upregulation of cortical excitability.
Topics: Brain; Brain Mapping; Brain Waves; Emotions; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging
PubMed: 34907615
DOI: 10.1111/ejn.15570 -
Empirical Software Engineering 2022The paper introduces a fundamental technological problem with collecting high-speed eye tracking data while studying software engineering tasks in an integrated...
Deja Vu: semantics-aware recording and replay of high-speed eye tracking and interaction data to support cognitive studies of software engineering tasks-methodology and analyses.
The paper introduces a fundamental technological problem with collecting high-speed eye tracking data while studying software engineering tasks in an integrated development environment. The use of eye trackers is quickly becoming an important means to study software developers and how they comprehend source code and locate bugs. High quality eye trackers can record upwards of 120 to 300 gaze points per second. However, it is not always possible to map each of these points to a line and column position in a source code file (in the presence of scrolling and file switching) in real time at data rates over 60 gaze points per second without data loss. Unfortunately, higher data rates are more desirable as they allow for finer granularity and more accurate study analyses. To alleviate this technological problem, a novel method for eye tracking data collection is presented. Instead of performing gaze analysis in real time, all telemetry (keystrokes, mouse movements, and eye tracker output) data during a study is recorded as it happens. Sessions are then replayed at a much slower speed allowing for ample time to map gaze point positions to the appropriate file, line, and column to perform additional analysis. A description of the method and corresponding tool, Deja Vu, is presented. An evaluation of the method and tool is conducted using three different eye trackers running at four different speeds (60 Hz, 120 Hz, 150 Hz, and 300 Hz). This timing evaluation is performed in Visual Studio, Eclipse, and Atom IDEs. Results show that Deja Vu can playback 100% of the data recordings, correctly mapping the gaze to corresponding elements, making it a well-founded and suitable post processing step for future eye tracking studies in software engineering. Finally, a proof of concept replication analysis of four tasks from two previous studies is performed. Due to using the Deja Vu approach, this replication resulted in richer collected data and improved on the number of distinct syntactic categories that gaze was mapped on in the code.
PubMed: 36159896
DOI: 10.1007/s10664-022-10209-3 -
American Journal of Kidney Diseases :... Nov 2019
Topics: Animals; B-Lymphocytes; Humans; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Mice; T-Lymphocytes; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 31155322
DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2019.04.009 -
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences Nov 2023Barzykowski and Moulin suggest that déjà vu and involuntary autobiographical memories recruit similar retrieval processes. Here, we invite the authors to clarify three...
Barzykowski and Moulin suggest that déjà vu and involuntary autobiographical memories recruit similar retrieval processes. Here, we invite the authors to clarify three issues: (1) What mechanism prevents déjà vu to happen more frequently? (2) What is the role of semantic cues in involuntary autobiographical retrieval? and (3) How déjà vu relates to non-believed memories?
Topics: Humans; Cues; Memory, Episodic; Deja Vu; Semantics
PubMed: 37961786
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X23000134 -
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences Nov 2023
Topics: Humans; Deja Vu; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 37961793
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X23000195 -
Studies in History and Philosophy of... Feb 2022Reading Darwin with a strong sense of déjà vu, French scholars often give him a long French intellectual genealogy. So the physical anthropologist Topinard averred in...
Reading Darwin with a strong sense of déjà vu, French scholars often give him a long French intellectual genealogy. So the physical anthropologist Topinard averred in 1876 that 'transformism is of French origin … the honour is entirely due to M. Lamarck' and defined Darwinism as 'Natural selection through the struggle for existence, applied to Lamarck's transformism'. Using detailed exegesis, this article traces antecedents, intersections, rebuttals, appropriations, shifts, and mutual misunderstandings in late eighteenth- and nineteenth-century transmutationist thinking in France and Britain. With specific reference to unstable concepts of evolution and species, the article samples French and francophone reception and interpretation of Darwin's writings and his responses to critics or supporters. Relative to ideas of race or civilization, human unity or diversity, and the interplay of empirical or deductive logic, I compare Darwin's work with that of the French physical anthropologist Broca in debates on racial ranking, extinction, and the 'descent of man', particularly in Australia and Oceania more widely. I conclude that, notwithstanding Darwin's personal humanitarian values, his science of man made important contributions to the theoretical underpinnings of the science of race, or raciology, which had emerged and developed mainly in France in the half century after 1800.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Civilization; History, 19th Century; Humans; Hydrozoa; Male; Oceania; Selection, Genetic
PubMed: 34923224
DOI: 10.1016/j.shpsa.2021.10.018 -
Seizure May 2024Déjà vu (DV), a French term meaning "already seen," refers to inappropriate sensation of familiarity in the present moment, as if it had been experienced before... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Déjà vu (DV), a French term meaning "already seen," refers to inappropriate sensation of familiarity in the present moment, as if it had been experienced before without a specific recollection of when or where. Traditionally, DV has been closely associated with focal seizures originating from the medial temporal lobe. However, there are occasional reports of DV occurring in idiopathic generalized epilepsies (IGEs). The objective of our study was to assess the presence and frequency of DV in individuals with IGE.
METHODS
We used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis for protocols (PRISMA-P) and searched PubMed and Embase from January 2000 to July 2022.
RESULTS
5 studies were included with a total of 1177 IGE and 1026 with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) patients. The frequency of DV in IGE ranged from 0 to 11 %, and the average was 3 %, compared to 19.6 % in TLE. Broadly, 40 % of patients with IGE reported some type of aura. EEG correlation of DV in IGE was not appropriately evaluated in the studies.
CONCLUSION
Clinicians should be aware that individuals with IGE may experience DV and other types of auras. Recognizing these auras is crucial in order to avoid misdiagnosing IGE as focal epilepsy. This is important to prevent unnecessary investigations and incorrect treatment decisions.
Topics: Humans; Epilepsy, Generalized; Deja Vu
PubMed: 38640571
DOI: 10.1016/j.seizure.2024.03.015 -
Heliyon Apr 2022Examination of the mortality patterns in the United States among racial, ethnic, and age groups attributed to the 1918-19 influenza pandemic revealed stark disparities,...
BACKGROUND
Examination of the mortality patterns in the United States among racial, ethnic, and age groups attributed to the 1918-19 influenza pandemic revealed stark disparities, causes for which could have been addressed and rectified this past century. However, these disparities have been amplified during the current COVID-19 pandemic.We have ignored the lessons of the past, and were destined to repeat its failings.
OBJECTIVES
Compare and contrast mortality patterns by age, race, and ethnicity attributable to the 1918-19 influenza pandemic in the United States with corresponding patterns during the COVID-19 pandemic.
METHODS
This is a retrospective study, establishing mortality rates according to age, race and ethnicity attributable to the 1918-19 influenza pandemic in the United States and to the current COVID-19 pandemic, using mortality data published by the U.S. Public Health Service and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Negative binomial regression models were used to establish rate ratios, that is, ratios of mortality rates across the various racial/ethnic groups, and associated 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS
Mortality patterns by age differ significantly between the 1918-19 influenza pandemic and the COVID-19 pandemic: with infant and young adult (25-40 years old) mortality substantially higher in the former. Disparities in mortality between racial and ethnic groups are amplified in the COVID-19 pandemic compared to the 1918-19 experience.
CONCLUSIONS
As we evaluate our nation's response to COVID-19 and design public policy to prepare better for coming pandemics, we cannot ignore the stark disparities in mortality rates experienced by different racial and ethnic groups. This will require a sustained resolve by society and government to delineate and remedy the causative factors, through science devoid of political interpretation and exploitation.
PubMed: 35464697
DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09299 -
The Behavioral and Brain Sciences Nov 2023Barzykowski and Moulin argue that common memory processes form the basis of involuntary autobiographical memory and the déjà vu experience. We think that they...
Barzykowski and Moulin argue that common memory processes form the basis of involuntary autobiographical memory and the déjà vu experience. We think that they underemphasize the potential dissociability between processes that enact retrieval and the processes that produce conscious experience. We propose that retrieval and conscious experience result from different processes in both involuntary autobiographical memory and déjà vu experiences.
Topics: Humans; Deja Vu; Memory, Episodic; Consciousness
PubMed: 37961777
DOI: 10.1017/S0140525X23000262 -
Déjà vu and prescience in a case of severe episodic amnesia following bilateral hippocampal lesions.Memory (Hove, England) Aug 2021Several studies pertaining to déjà vu have consistently made a connection with the perirhinal region, a region located below the hippocampus. This idea is strengthened...
Several studies pertaining to déjà vu have consistently made a connection with the perirhinal region, a region located below the hippocampus. This idea is strengthened by the fact that déjà vu is an erroneous sense of familiarity and that familiarity appears to largely depend on the perirhinal region in healthy subjects. In this context, the role of the hippocampus is particularly unclear as it is unknown whether or not it plays a role in the genesis of déjà vu. We report on the case of OHVR, an epileptic patient who suffers from severe episodic amnesia related to massive isolated bilateral damage to the hippocampus. In contrast, the perirhinal region is intact structurally and functionally. This patient reports frequent déjà vu but also another experiential phenomenon with a prominent feeling of prescience, which shows some of the characteristics of déjà vécu. She clearly distinguishes both. She also developed a form of synaesthesia by attributing affective valence to numbers. This study shows that déjà vu can occur in cases of amnesia with massively damaged hippocampi and confirms that the perirhinal region is a core region for déjà vu, using a different approach from previous reports. It also provides clues about a potential influence of hippocampal alterations in déjà vécu.
Topics: Amnesia; Emotions; Female; Hippocampus; Humans; Recognition, Psychology
PubMed: 31587614
DOI: 10.1080/09658211.2019.1673426