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Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology... Jan 2022
Topics: Adult; Aminophenols; Benzodioxoles; Chloride Channel Agonists; Desensitization, Immunologic; Female; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Indoles; Middle Aged; Outpatients; Pyrazoles; Pyridines; Pyrrolidines; Quinolones
PubMed: 34391901
DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.08.010 -
International Journal of Cardiology May 2024Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is increasingly recognized in the context of with otherwise unexplained electrical or structural heart disease due to improved diagnostic tools... (Review)
Review
Cardiac sarcoidosis (CS) is increasingly recognized in the context of with otherwise unexplained electrical or structural heart disease due to improved diagnostic tools and awareness. Therefore, clinicians require improved understanding of this rare but fatal disease to care for these patients. The cardinal features of CS, include arrhythmias, atrio-ventricular conduction delay and cardiomyopathy. In addition to treatments tailored to these cardiac manifestations, immunosuppression plays a key role in active CS management. However, clinical trial and consensus guidelines are limited to guide the use of immunosuppression in these patients. This review aims to provide a practical overview to the current diagnostic challenges, treatment approach, and future opportunities in the field of CS.
Topics: Humans; Cardiomyopathies; Arrhythmias, Cardiac; Heart Diseases; Heart; Sarcoidosis; Myocarditis
PubMed: 38373681
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2024.131853 -
La Revue Du Praticien Jan 2021
Topics: Humans; Sarcoidosis
PubMed: 34160944
DOI: No ID Found -
Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical... Aug 2021An update of the pharmacogenetic risk factors associated with T-cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity reactions. (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
An update of the pharmacogenetic risk factors associated with T-cell-mediated delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
RECENT FINDINGS
Recent HLA associations relevant to our understanding of immunopathogenesis and clinical practice include HLA-B∗13:01 with co-trimoxazole-induced SCAR, and HLA-A∗32:01 with vancomycin-DRESS, for which an extended HLA class II haplotype is implicated in glycopeptide antibiotic cross-reactivity. Hypoactive variants of ERAP1, an enzyme-trimming peptide prior to HLA loading, are now associated with protection from abacavir-hypersensitivity in HLA-B∗57:01+ patients, and single-cell sequencing has defined the skin-restricted expansion of a single, public and drug-reactive dominant TCR across patients with HLA-B∗15:02-restricted carbamazepine-induced SJS/TEN. More recent strategies for the use of HLA and other risk factors may include risk-stratification, early diagnosis, and diagnosis in addition to screening.
SUMMARY
HLA is necessary but insufficient as a risk factor for the development of most T-cell-mediated reactions. Newly emerged genetic and ecological risk factors, combined with HLA-restricted response, align with underlying immunopathogenesis and drive towards enhanced strategies to improve positive-predictive and negative-predictive values. With large population-matched cohorts, genetic studies typically focus on populations that have been readily accessible to research studies, but it is now imperative to address similar risk in globally relevant and understudied populations.
Topics: Aminopeptidases; Drug Hypersensitivity; HLA-B Antigens; Humans; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; Pharmacogenetics; Stevens-Johnson Syndrome; T-Lymphocytes
PubMed: 34039850
DOI: 10.1097/ACI.0000000000000754 -
Cutis Sep 2021Plants can cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), mechanical irritant contact dermatitis, chemical irritant contact dermatitis, light-mediated dermatitis, and... (Review)
Review
Plants can cause allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), mechanical irritant contact dermatitis, chemical irritant contact dermatitis, light-mediated dermatitis, and pseudophytodermatitis. Allergic contact dermatitis to chemicals in the Toxicodendron genus, which includes poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac, is the most common cause of plant ACD; however, many other plants, such as Compositae, Alstroemeriaceae, and Rutaceae plants also are important causes of dermatitis. In individuals with recurrent ACD from plants other than Toxicodendron, patch testing can be used to identify the source of allergic reactions to plant species. This article provides an overview of the various plant dermatoses, common culprits of plant dermatitis, and diagnostic and therapeutic options for plant dermatoses.
Topics: Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Toxicodendron; Humans; Patch Tests; Plants; Toxicodendron
PubMed: 34826273
DOI: 10.12788/cutis.0340 -
International Immunology Jul 2022CX3CR1high myeloid cells in the small intestine mediate the induction of oral tolerance by driving regulatory T (Treg) cells. Bacterial metabolites, e.g. pyruvate and...
CX3CR1high myeloid cells in the small intestine mediate the induction of oral tolerance by driving regulatory T (Treg) cells. Bacterial metabolites, e.g. pyruvate and lactate, induce a dendrite extension of CX3CR1high myeloid cells into the intestinal lumen via GPR31. However, it remains unclear whether the pyruvate-GPR31 axis is involved in the induction of oral tolerance. Here, we show that pyruvate enhances oral tolerance in a GPR31-dependent manner. In ovalbumin (OVA)-fed Gpr31-deficient mice, an OVA-induced delayed-type hypersensitivity response was substantially induced, demonstrating the defective induction of oral tolerance in Gpr31-deficient mice. The percentage of RORγt+ Treg cells in the small intestine was reduced in Gpr31-deficient mice. In pyruvate-treated wild-type mice, a low dose of OVA efficiently induced oral tolerance. IL-10 production from intestinal CX3CR1high myeloid cells was increased by OVA ingestion in wild-type mice, but not in Gpr31-deficient mice. CX3CR1high myeloid cell-specific IL-10-deficient mice showed a defective induction of oral tolerance to OVA and a decreased accumulation of OVA-specific Treg cells in the small intestine. These findings demonstrate that pyruvate enhances oral tolerance through a GPR31-dependent effect on intestinal CX3CR1high myeloid cells.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; CX3C Chemokine Receptor 1; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immune Tolerance; Interleukin-10; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Ovalbumin; Pyruvic Acid; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
PubMed: 35303081
DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxac010 -
Annals of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology... Mar 2022
Topics: Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic; COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Exanthema; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Pneumonia; SARS-CoV-2
PubMed: 34813953
DOI: 10.1016/j.anai.2021.11.014 -
Journal of Investigational Allergology... 2020The disease caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), ie, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has become a global pandemic since... (Review)
Review
The disease caused by the new severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), ie, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has become a global pandemic since it was first reported in Wuhan, China in December 2019. Its severe clinical manifestations, which often necessitate admission to intensive care units, and high mortality rate represent a therapeutic challenge for the medical community. To date, no drugs have been approved for its treatment, and various therapeutic options are being assayed to address the pathophysiological processes underlying the clinical manifestations experienced by patients. New and old drugs administered as monotherapy or in combination to immunologically compromised patients may favor the development of adverse drug reactions, including drug hypersensitivity reactions, which must be identified and managed accordingly. Given the lack of herd immunity and the high rate of viral contagion, new cases are expected to emerge in the coming months. Thus, the probability of more adverse reactions or even new clinical manifestations may increase in parallel. Allergists must receive updated information on these treatments, as well as on the management of possible drug hypersensitivity reactions.
Topics: Antiviral Agents; COVID-19; Cytokines; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Hypersensitivity; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Hypersensitivity, Immediate; Immunologic Factors; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19 Drug Treatment
PubMed: 32700681
DOI: 10.18176/jiaci.0588 -
Allergy Oct 2020
Topics: Amoxicillin; Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypersensitivity, Delayed
PubMed: 32390163
DOI: 10.1111/all.14359 -
Revue Des Maladies Respiratoires Mar 2023
Review
Topics: Humans; Sarcoidosis; Lung Transplantation; Sarcoidosis, Pulmonary
PubMed: 36639340
DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2022.12.013