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BMC Cancer Oct 2022Microbiome dysbiosis is an important contributing factor in tumor development and thus may be a risk predictor for human malignancies. In the United States, women with...
BACKGROUNDS
Microbiome dysbiosis is an important contributing factor in tumor development and thus may be a risk predictor for human malignancies. In the United States, women with Hispanic/Latina (HIS) and African American (AA) background have a higher incidence of cervical cancer and poorer outcomes than Caucasian American (CA) women.
METHODS
Here, we assessed the distribution pattern of microbiota in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) lesions obtained from HIS (n = 12), AA (n = 12), and CA (n = 12) women, who were screened for CC risk assessment. We employed a 16S rRNA gene sequencing approach adapted from the NIH-Human Microbiome Project to identify the microbial niche in all CIN lesions (n = 36).
RESULTS
We detected an appreciably decreased abundance of beneficial Lactobacillus in the CIN lesions of the AA and HIS women compared to the CA women. Differential abundance of potentially pathogenic Prevotella, Delftia, Gardnerella, and Fastidiosipila was also evident among the various racial groups. An increased abundance of Micrococcus was also evident in AA and HIS women compared to the CA women. The detection level of Rhizobium was higher among the AA ad CA women compared to the HIS women. In addition to the top 10 microbes, a unique niche of 27 microbes was identified exclusively in women with a histopathological diagnosis of CIN. Among these microbes, a group of 8 microbiota; Rubellimicrobium, Podobacter, Brevibacterium, Paracoccus, Atopobium, Brevundimonous, Comamonous, and Novospingobium was detected only in the CIN lesions obtained from AA and CA women.
CONCLUSIONS
Microbial dysbiosis in the cervical epithelium represented by an increased ratio of potentially pathogenic to beneficial microbes may be associated with increased CC risk disparities. Developing a race-specific reliable panel of microbial markers could be beneficial for CC risk assessment, disease prevention, and/or therapeutic guidance.
Topics: Female; Humans; Papillomaviridae; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Papillomavirus Infections; Dysbiosis; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Microbiota; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
PubMed: 36258167
DOI: 10.1186/s12885-022-10112-6 -
Journal of Applied Toxicology : JAT Jul 2023In recent years, chromium (Cr) has been found to induce neurotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of...
In recent years, chromium (Cr) has been found to induce neurotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of chromium exposure on the metabolome and microbiome that may contribute to neurotoxicity in juvenile zebrafish. Zebrafish embryos were exposed to 1 mg/L Cr (III) and 1 mg/L Cr (VI) for 7 days, respectively. Swimming distance and locomotor behavior was decreased, and acetylcholinesterase activity was reduced in Cr-exposed groups. Total cholesterol levels were decreased in Cr-exposed groups. The differential-expressed metabolites due to Cr exposure were mainly enriched in primary bile acid biosynthesis, which indicated that Cr exposure may promote cholesterol conversion. The abundance of Bacteroidetes decreased and the abundance of Actinomycetes increased in Cr-exposed groups, as compared with that in the control group. At the genus level, the abundance of Acinetobacter, Acidophorax, Mycobacterium, Aeromonas, Hydrophagophaga, and Brevundimonas increased, whereas Chryseobacterium, Pseudomonas, Delftia, and Ancylobacter decreased in the Cr-exposed groups. Analysis of the correlation between gut microbiota and bile acid metabolites showed that changes of gut microbial community due to Cr exposure may be related to secondary bile acid metabolism. Collectively, chromium exposure may disturb cholesterol metabolism, including primary bile acid and microbiota-related secondary bile acid metabolism. This study provides potential mechanism of the effects of chromium on neurotoxicity based on modulation of metabolome and gut microbiota diversity, which needs further verification.
Topics: Animals; Zebrafish; Chromium; Acetylcholinesterase; Metabolome; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Bile Acids and Salts
PubMed: 36727205
DOI: 10.1002/jat.4440 -
Systematic and Applied Microbiology Nov 2019During long-term extra-terrestrial missions, food is limited and waste is generated. By recycling valuable nutrients from this waste via regenerative life support...
During long-term extra-terrestrial missions, food is limited and waste is generated. By recycling valuable nutrients from this waste via regenerative life support systems, food can be produced in space. Astronauts' urine can, for instance, be nitrified by micro-organisms into a liquid nitrate fertilizer for plant growth in space. Due to stringent conditions in space, microbial communities need to be be defined (gnotobiotic); therefore, synthetic rather than mixed microbial communities are preferred. For urine nitrification, synthetic communities face challenges, such as from salinity, ureolysis, and organics. In this study, a synthetic microbial community containing an AOB (Nitrosomonas europaea), NOB (Nitrobacter winogradskyi), and three ureolytic heterotrophs (Pseudomonas fluorescens, Acidovorax delafieldii, and Delftia acidovorans) was compiled and evaluated for these challenges. In reactor 1, salt adaptation of the ammonium-fed AOB and NOB co-culture was possible up to 45mScm, which resembled undiluted nitrified urine, while maintaining a 44±10mgNH-NLd removal rate. In reactor 2, the nitrifiers and ureolytic heterotrophs were fed with urine and achieved a 15±6mg NO-NLd production rate for 1% and 10% synthetic and fresh real urine, respectively. Batch activity tests with this community using fresh real urine even reached 29±3mgNLd. Organics removal in the reactor (69±15%) should be optimized to generate a nitrate fertilizer for future space applications.
Topics: Ammonia; Bioreactors; Comamonadaceae; Delftia acidovorans; Microbiota; Nitrification; Nitrites; Nitrobacter; Nitrosomonas europaea; Pseudomonas fluorescens; Urea; Urine; Waste Disposal, Fluid
PubMed: 31623889
DOI: 10.1016/j.syapm.2019.126021 -
Environmental Research Feb 2023Contamination of antibiotic resistomes due to animal carcass decay has become a serious environmental concern. However, the relationship between main metabolite...
Multi-omics methods reveal that putrescine and cadaverine cause different degrees of enrichment of high-risk resistomes and opportunistic pathogens in the water and sediment of the Yellow River.
Contamination of antibiotic resistomes due to animal carcass decay has become a serious environmental concern. However, the relationship between main metabolite compounds of corpse decomposition (i.e., putrescine and cadaverine) and antibiotic resistomes remains unclear. To tackle this issue, the response of antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and microbiome in aquatic environment to excess putrescine, cadaverine and a mixture of both based on laboratory simulation experiment was investigated by high-throughput quantitative PCR and amplicon sequencing methods. Our results showed putrescine and cadaverine led to the increasing of TC (total carbon) and TN (total nitrogen) both in water and sediment. Under the exposure of putrescine and cadaverine, the total abundance of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) and most ARGs in water was higher than in sediment. In particular, putrescine and cadaverine caused significantly different decreases in alpha diversity of microbial community in water and sediment compared with the control group. Microbial community structures both in water and sediment were also significantly affected by cadaverine and putrescine. Furthermore, putrescine and cadaverine led to different degrees of increases of high-risk ARGs (like mecA) and opportunistic pathogens (like Delftia) in sediment, promoting the prevalence of antibiotic resistant bacteria. In conclusion, our findings revealed the influences of main metabolites of carcass decay on microbiome and resistomes, providing references for risk assessment and pollution management.
Topics: Animals; Cadaverine; Putrescine; Genes, Bacterial; Water; Rivers; Multiomics; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36549489
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2022.115069 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023Over the last few decades, a growing body of evidence has suggested a role for various infectious agents in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Despite diverse...
BACKGROUND
Over the last few decades, a growing body of evidence has suggested a role for various infectious agents in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. Despite diverse pathogens (virus, bacteria, fungi) being detected in AD subjects' brains, research has focused on individual pathogens and only a few studies investigated the hypothesis of a bacterial brain microbiome. We profiled the bacterial communities present in non-demented controls and AD subjects' brains.
RESULTS
We obtained postmortem samples from the brains of 32 individual subjects, comprising 16 AD and 16 control age-matched subjects with a total of 130 samples from the frontal and temporal lobes and the entorhinal cortex. We used full-length 16S rRNA gene amplification with Pacific Biosciences sequencing technology to identify bacteria. We detected bacteria in the brains of both cohorts with the principal bacteria comprising (formerly ) and two species each of and genera. We used a hierarchical Bayesian method to detect differences in relative abundance among AD and control groups. Because of large abundance variances, we also employed a new analysis approach based on the Latent Dirichlet Allocation algorithm, used in computational linguistics. This allowed us to identify five sample classes, each revealing a different microbiota. Assuming that samples represented infections that began at different times, we ordered these classes in time, finding that the last class exclusively explained the existence or non-existence of AD.
CONCLUSIONS
The AD-related pathogenicity of the brain microbiome seems to be based on a complex polymicrobial dynamic. The time ordering revealed a rise and fall of the abundance of with pathogenicity occurring for an off-peak abundance level in association with at least one other bacterium from a set of genera that included , , , , and . may also be involved with outcompeting the species, which were strongly associated with non-demented brain microbiota, whose early destruction could be the first stage of disease. Our results are also consistent with a leaky blood-brain barrier or lymphatic network that allows bacteria, viruses, fungi, or other pathogens to enter the brain.
Topics: Humans; Alzheimer Disease; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bayes Theorem; Microbiota; Bacteria; Propionibacterium acnes; Brain; Acne Vulgaris
PubMed: 37780846
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1123228 -
International Journal of Food... Jul 2020In the present work the microbial dynamics in wheat kernels were evaluated over time. The main aim of this research was to study the resistance of lactic acid bacteria...
In the present work the microbial dynamics in wheat kernels were evaluated over time. The main aim of this research was to study the resistance of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and yeasts associated to unprocessed cereals used for bread making during long term conservation. To this purpose four Triticum durum Desf. genotypes including two modern varieties (Claudio and Simeto) and two Sicilian wheat landraces (Russello and Timilia) were analysed by a combined culture-independent and -dependent microbiological approach after one, two or three years from cultivation and threshing. DNA based MiSeq Illumina technology was applied to reveal the entire bacterial composition of all semolina samples. The samples showed a different distribution of bacterial taxa per variety and time of storage. The groups mostly represented were Stenotrophomonas, Pseudomonas, Erwinia, Delftia and Sphingomonas genera, Enterobacteriaceae and Oxalobacteriaceae families, and Actinobacteria phylum. Among LAB, only Enterococcus genus was detected barely in a single sample (Simeto stored for one year) by the next generation sequencing, indicating that LAB remained unassigned or their abundances were below 0.1% or their DNAs were rendered inaccessible. Plate counts showed consistent differences in relation to genotypes and duration of storage, with the highest levels found for total mesophilic microorganisms detected up 6.8 Log CFU/g. Colonies of presumptive sourdough LAB were detected only in a few samples. Cocci constituted the major group of LAB in almost all samples. Following the enrichment procedure, almost all samples were characterised by the presence of acidifying microorganisms. All isolates collected before and after enrichment represented 28 different strains belonging to 10 species of Enterococcus, Lactobacillus and Pediococcus genera. The most resistant species during aging were Enterococcus faecium, Enterococcus durans, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus pentosus and Lactobacillus paracasei demonstrating that lactobacilli and enterococci are able to overcome the stressing conditions represented by cereal storage better than other LAB genera commonly found associated to cereals after harvest. Yeast community included mostly species with no interest in bread making.
Topics: Bacteria; Bread; Edible Grain; Food Microbiology; Food Storage; Genotype; Microbiota; Time Factors; Triticum; Yeasts
PubMed: 32388172
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2020.108631 -
Colombia Medica (Cali, Colombia) Sep 2019A 52-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic with complaints of cough, sputum, fever and fatigue. The patient has been receiving immunosuppressive therapy for...
CASE DESCRIPTION
A 52-year-old female patient was admitted to our clinic with complaints of cough, sputum, fever and fatigue. The patient has been receiving immunosuppressive therapy for thrombocytopenic purpura for 5 years.
CLINICAL FINDING
Inspiratory crackles were heard on both hemithorax. Oxygen saturation measured with the pulse oximeter was 97%. Chest X-ray showed diffuse reticular opacities that were more prominent in the upper zones of both lungs. WBC counts were 17,600 mm and Platelet counts were 29,000 mm. Thorax CT showed that there were many thin-walled cavities and millimetric nodules accompanied by ground-glass infiltrates in the upper and middle lobes. Gram staining of bronchial fluid, taken by bronchoscopy, revealed Gram-negative bacilli and intense polymorphonuclear leukocytes. The bacteria were defined as by BD Phoenix automated system.
TREATMENT AND OUTCOMES
The patient was hospitalized with suspicion of opportunistic pulmonary infections and cavitary lung disease. After the empirical treatment of intravenous piperacillin-tazobactam and oral clarithromycin, her clinical and radiological findings significantly regressed, and she was discharged with outpatient follow-up.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
This is the first example of cavitary pneumonia due to in an immunocompromised patient. We would like to emphasize that pneumonia should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary cavitary involvement in such patients.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Clarithromycin; Delftia acidovorans; Female; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Humans; Immunocompromised Host; Lung; Middle Aged; Piperacillin, Tazobactam Drug Combination; Pneumonia, Bacterial; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 32284666
DOI: 10.25100/cm.v50i3.4025 -
Disease Markers 2021Clinical studies have shown that ankylosing spondylitis (AS) could be significantly improved by Governor Vessel moxibustion (GVM) therapy.
BACKGROUND
Clinical studies have shown that ankylosing spondylitis (AS) could be significantly improved by Governor Vessel moxibustion (GVM) therapy.
OBJECTIVE
Study whether GVM therapy alleviates the clinical symptoms of AS by modulating intestinal microbiota.
METHODS
A total of 9 AS patients and 9 paired healthy individuals were enrolled, and GVM therapy was provided to the AS patients. Stool, urine, and saliva samples from the healthy individuals and the AS patients before and after GVM therapy were collected, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed for microbiota analysis.
RESULTS
We found that GVM therapy can significantly alleviate the symptoms of AS, such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, and bloating. GVM therapy also decreased the abundances of and while increasing the abundances of beneficial bacteria, such as , in the gut microbiota of the AS patients. The analyses for AS clinical data and microbial abundances in AS patients revealed their multiple significant correlations ( < 0.01); for example, an unclassified crystal was positively correlated with and , monocyte had a negative correlation with , and human leukocyte antigen-B27 was negatively correlated with , , and .
CONCLUSIONS
Overall, these findings demonstrate that GVM therapy can alleviate AS clinical symptoms, and at the same time, it improves the microbial structure of microbiota in AS patients. This trial is registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR2100051907.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Diarrhea; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Middle Aged; Moxibustion; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Saliva; Spondylitis, Ankylosing; Urine
PubMed: 34966466
DOI: 10.1155/2021/9370758 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jun 2022in recent years, many studies were carried out to explore the role of vaginal microbiota in HPV infections and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) progression. The... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
in recent years, many studies were carried out to explore the role of vaginal microbiota in HPV infections and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) progression. The aim of this study was to conduct a review of the literature to analyze the interaction between the vaginal microbiota, the CIN, and the immunological response.
METHODS
we performed a literature search, considering papers published between November 2015 and September 2021.
RESULTS
despite significant evidence suggesting a role of vaginal microbiota in the pathogenesis of HPV-related lesions, some studies still struggle to demonstrate this correlation. However, the vaginal microbiota of HPV-positive women shows an increased diversity, combined with a reduced relative abundance of spp. and a higher pH. In cervical dysplasia progression, a strong association is found with new bacteria, and with the deregulation of pathways and hyperexpression of cytokines leading to chronic inflammation.
CONCLUSIONS
in HPV progression, there is a strong correlation between potential biomarkers, such as found in community state types IV and II, and chronic inflammation with cytokine overexpression. Better analysis of these factors could be of use in the prevention of the progression of the disease and, eventually, in new therapeutic strategies.
Topics: Female; Humans; Inflammation; Microbiota; Papillomaviridae; Papillomavirus Infections; Tumor Microenvironment; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia
PubMed: 35806188
DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137174 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Jan 2023The high concentrations of salt and refractory toxic organics in industrial wastewater seriously restrict biological treatment efficiency and functional stability....
The high concentrations of salt and refractory toxic organics in industrial wastewater seriously restrict biological treatment efficiency and functional stability. However, how to construct a salt-tolerant biocatalytic community and realize the decarbonization coupled with detoxification toward green bio-enhanced treatment, has yet to be well elucidated. Here, acetoacetanilide (AAA), an important intermediate for many dyes and medicine synthesis, was used as the model amide pollutant to elucidate the directional enrichment of halotolerant degradative communities and the corresponding bacterial interaction mechanism. Combining microbial community composition and molecular ecological network analyses as well as the biodegradation efficiencies of AAA and its hydrolysis product aniline (AN) of pure strains, the core degradative bacteria were identified during the hypersaline AAA degradation process. A synthetic bacterial consortium composed of Paenarthrobacter, Rhizobium, Rhodococcus, Delftia and Nitratireductor was constructed based on the top-down strategy to treat AAA wastewater with different water quality characteristics. The synthetic halotolerant consortium showed promising treatment ability toward the simulated AAA wastewater (AAA 100-500 mg/L, 1-5% salinity) and actual AAA mother liquor. Additionally, the comprehensive toxicity of AAA mother liquor significantly reduced after biological treatment. This study provides a green biological approach for the treatment of hypersaline and high concentration of organics wastewater.
Topics: Acetanilides; Biodegradation, Environmental; Coloring Agents; Environmental Pollutants; Rhodococcus; Wastewater
PubMed: 36099740
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129926