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Frontiers in Plant Science 2023The endosphere of a plant is an interface containing a thriving community of endobacteria that can affect plant growth and potential for bioremediation. is an aquatic...
INTRODUCTION
The endosphere of a plant is an interface containing a thriving community of endobacteria that can affect plant growth and potential for bioremediation. is an aquatic macrophyte, adapted to estuarine and freshwater ecosystems, which harbors a diverse bacterial community. Despite this, we currently lack a predictive understanding of how taxonomically structure the endobacterial community assemblies across distinct habitats (root, stem, and leaf).
METHODS
In the present study, we assessed the endophytic bacteriome from different compartments using 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis and verified the plant beneficial potential of isolated bacterial endophytes of .
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Plant compartments displayed a significant impact on the endobacterial community structures. Stem and leaf tissues were more selective, and the community exhibited a lower richness and diversity than root tissue. The taxonomic analysis of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) showed that the major phyla belonged to Proteobacteria and Actinobacteriota (> 80% in total). The most abundant genera in the sampled endosphere was in both stem and leaf samples. Members of the family Rhizobiaceae, such as in both stem and leaf samples. Members of the family Rhizobiaceae, such as were mainly associated with leaf tissue, whereas the genera and from the families Nannocystaceae and Nitrospiraceae, respectively, were statistically significantly associated with root tissue. were putative keystone taxa of stem tissue. Most of the endophytic bacteria isolated from showed plant beneficial effects known to stimulate plant growth and induce plant resistance to stresses. This study provides new insights into the distribution and interaction of endobacteria across different compartments of Future study of endobacterial communities, using both culture-dependent and -independent techniques, will explore the mechanisms underlying the wide-spread adaptability of to various ecosystems and contribute to the development of efficient bacterial consortia for bioremediation and plant growth promotion.
PubMed: 37404529
DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1176648 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2021The increasing number of multi-drug-resistant bacteria and cancer cases, that are a real threat to humankind, forces research world to develop new weapons to deal with...
The increasing number of multi-drug-resistant bacteria and cancer cases, that are a real threat to humankind, forces research world to develop new weapons to deal with it. Biogenic silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are considered as a solution to this problem. Biosynthesis of AgNPs is regarded as a green, eco-friendly, low-priced process that provides small and biocompatible nanostructures with antimicrobial and anticancer activities and potential application in medicine. The biocompatibility of these nanoparticles is related to the coating with biomolecules of natural origin. The synthesis of AgNPs from actinobacterial strain was confirmed using UV-Vis spectroscopy while their morphology, crystalline structure, stability, and coating were characterized using, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Antibacterial activity of biogenic AgNPs was evaluated by determination of minimum inhibitory and minimum biocidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) against , , , and . The potential mechanism of antibacterial action of AgNPs was determined by measurement of ATP level. Since the use of AgNPs in biomedical applications depend on their safety, the cytotoxicity of biosynthesized AgNPs on MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line and murine macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 using MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay, cell lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release and measurement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) level were assessed. The nanoparticle protein capping agent that can be involved in reduction of silver ions to AgNPs and their stabilization was identified using LC-MS/MS. Nanoparticles were spherical in shape, small in size (mean 13.2 nm), showed crystalline nature, good stability (-18.7 mV) and presence of capping agents. They exhibited antibacterial activity (MIC of 8-128 μg ml, MBC of 64-256 μg ml) and significantly decreased ATP levels in bacterial cells after treatment with different concentrations of AgNPs. The analysis showed that the AgNPs demonstrated dose-dependent cytotoxicity against RAW 264.7 macrophages and MCF-7 breast cancer cells but higher against the latter than the former. Cell viability decrease was found to be 42.2-14.2 and 38.0-15.5% while LDH leakage 14.6-42.7% and 19.0-45.0%, respectively. IC values calculated for MTT assay was found to be 16.3 and 12.0 μg ml and for LDH assay 102.3 and 76.2 μg ml, respectively. Moreover, MCF-7 cells released a greater amount of ROS than RAW 264.7 macrophages during stimulation with all tested concentrations of AgNPs (1.47-3.13 and 1.02-2.58 fold increase, respectively). The SDS-PAGE (sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) analysis revealed the presence of five protein bands at a molecular weight between 31.7 and 280.9 kDa. These proteins showed the highest homology to hypothetical proteins and porins from , sp. and . Based on obtained results it can be concluded that biogenic AgNPs were capped with proteins and demonstrated potential as antimicrobial and anticancer agent.
PubMed: 33967977
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.632505 -
Microorganisms Apr 2023Strains of the genus are poorly studied microorganisms. In this work, the complete genome of the naphthalene-degrading strain ULwDis3 isolated from seawater of the...
Strains of the genus are poorly studied microorganisms. In this work, the complete genome of the naphthalene-degrading strain ULwDis3 isolated from seawater of the Gulf of Finland of the Baltic Sea was assembled. For the first time, genes encoding naphthalene cleavage pathways via salicylate and gentisate were identified in a strain of the genus . The genes are part of one operon ( genes). Three open reading frames (ORFs) were found in the genome of strain ULwDis3 that encode gentisate 1.2-dioxygenase. One of the ORFs is part of the operon. The physiological and biochemical characteristics of the strain ULwDis3 when cultured in mineral medium with naphthalene as the sole source of carbon and energy were also studied. It was found that after 22 h of growth, the strain stopped consuming naphthalene, and at the same time, naphthalene 1.2-dioxygenase and salicylate 5-hydroxylase activities were not detected. Later, a decrease in the number of living cells and the death of the culture were observed. Gentisate 1.2-dioxygenase activity was detected from the time of gentisate formation until culture death.
PubMed: 37110515
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11041092 -
Experimental Biology and Medicine... May 2023Recent reports revealed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients can develop bacteremia; however, the circulating bacterial...
Recent reports revealed that severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients can develop bacteremia; however, the circulating bacterial profile is not well studied. Therefore, this study has aimed to investigate circulating bacterial profile in mild ( = 15) and severe ( = 13) SARS-CoV-2-infected patients as well as healthy controls ( = 10), using 16S rDNA (V4) sequencing approach. The alpha diversity indexes and Bray-Curtis dissimilarity matrix revealed that the bacterial profiles between the two conditions are significantly different. Correspondingly, the relative abundance indicates that the predominant bacterial phylum in both conditions was Proteobacteria. At genus level, the dominant bacterial genera in the mild patients belonged to , , and , while bacterial genera belonging to , , and were dominant in the severe patients. Furthermore, Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) Effect Size (LEfSe). revealed that , , , and were enriched in the mild condition, while , , , , , and were enriched in the severe patients. These results revealed a distinct circulating bacterial profile in the mild and severe SARS-CoV-2-infected patients, which may provide an insight for further therapeutic strategy.
Topics: Humans; COVID-19; SARS-CoV-2; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Bacteria; DNA, Ribosomal
PubMed: 36946423
DOI: 10.1177/15353702231157931 -
Scientific Reports Jan 2022Faecal (FM) and colon mucosal associated microbiota (MAM) were studied in a model of colorectal cancer (CRC), the Apc-mutated Pirc rats, and in age-paired wt F344 rats....
Faecal (FM) and colon mucosal associated microbiota (MAM) were studied in a model of colorectal cancer (CRC), the Apc-mutated Pirc rats, and in age-paired wt F344 rats. Principal Coordinates Analysis indicated that samples' distribution was driven by age, with samples of young rats (1 month old; without tumours) separated from older ones (11-month-old; bearing tumours). Diversity analysis showed significant differences between FM and MAM in older Pirc rats, and between MAM of both Pirc and wt rats and the tumour microbiota, enriched in Enterococcus, Escherichia/Shigella, Proteus and Bifidobacteriaceae. In young animals, Pirc FM was enriched in the genus Delftia, while wt FM was enriched in Lactobacillus and Streptococcus. Some CRC biomarkers and faecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were also measured. Colon proliferation and DClK1 expression, a pro-survival mucosal marker, were higher in Pirc than in wt rats, while the mucin MUC2, was lower in Pirc rats. Branched SCFAs were higher in Pirc than in wt animals. By Spearman analysis CRC biomarkers correlated with FM (in both young and old rats) and with MAM (in young rats), suggesting a specific relationship between the gut microbiota profile and these functional mucosal parameters deserving further investigation.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Bifidobacterium; Biomarkers, Tumor; Carcinogenesis; Colon; Colonic Neoplasms; Disease Models, Animal; Doublecortin-Like Kinases; Enterococcus; Escherichia; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Feces; Gene Expression Regulation; Lactobacillus; Male; Mucin-2; Principal Component Analysis; Proteus; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Shigella; Streptococcus
PubMed: 35082322
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05249-0 -
Environmental Geochemistry and Health Jul 2023Arsenic (As) is considered to be a grave inorganic pollutant, contaminating major aquifers worldwide. In this study, a two-step approach has been designed to combat this...
Arsenic (As) is considered to be a grave inorganic pollutant, contaminating major aquifers worldwide. In this study, a two-step approach has been designed to combat this toxic metalloid by combining a highly efficient As (III) oxidizing bacteria; Delftia sp. BAs29 and fired red mud pellets to remove the total As from groundwater including both As (III) and As (V) ions. The maximum capacity of As (III) oxidation by Delftia sp. BAs29 was seen to be 95.65% for 500 ml of As contaminated groundwater using an optimized As (III) concentration of 300 ppb and 6.5 g of bacterial cell mass for 7 days. The second step indicated the maximum As (V) adsorption capacity by the stacked red mud pellets to be 97.91% for 500 ml of As contaminated groundwater using the optimized pore size of 106-125 μm for 7 days. The efficiency of As removal increased to 98.76% at a flow rate of 50 ml/h on combining of both the steps. In addition, the morphological properties, chemical composition, and the crystal structure of the As (V) adsorbed red mud pellets were characterized. The techno-economic feasibility of this entire unit was studied using SuperPro 10 software to estimate its optimal demand and potential. Hence, it is believed that scaling up of this two-step bio-filter column can serve as a potent filtration unit to eliminate As, both at the household and industrial level in the near future.
Topics: Arsenic; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Groundwater; Bacteria; Adsorption; Delftia; Water Purification
PubMed: 36719609
DOI: 10.1007/s10653-022-01451-1 -
Current Microbiology Jan 2023Microbes use both organic and inorganic compounds as electron donors, with different electronic potentials, to produce energy required for growth in environments....
Microbes use both organic and inorganic compounds as electron donors, with different electronic potentials, to produce energy required for growth in environments. Conventional studies on the effects of different electron donors on microbial community has been extensively studied with a set cathode potential. However, it remains under-researched how a microbial community response to the different redox potentials in different environments. Here, we incubated a lake sediment in a single-chamber reactor equipped with three working electrodes, i.e., with potentials of - 0.29 V, - 0.05 V versus standard hydrogen electrode and open-circuit, respectively. Results reveal that the structure of bacterial communities was highly similar for all closed-circuit electrodes (- 0.29 V, - 0.05 V), while differing significantly from those on open-circuit electrodes. We also show that specific bacteria were preferentially enriched by different electrode potentials, i.e., Pseudomonas and Rhodobacter preferentially grew on - 0.05 V and - 0.29 V cathode potentials, Azospirillum and Bosea preferentially grew on - 0.05 V; while Ferrovibrio, Hydrogenophaga, Delftia, and Sphingobium preferentially grew on - 0.29 V. In addition, microorganisms selectively enriched on open-circuit electrodes possess higher connectivity and closer relationship than microorganisms selectively enriched on closed-circuit electrode.
Topics: Bioelectric Energy Sources; Bacteria; Microbiota; Electrodes
PubMed: 36609874
DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03148-1 -
Forensic Science International Aug 2023If vaginal fluid is found on clothing or on the body of the suspect, it may indicate the occurrence of sexual assault. Therefore, it is important to collect the victim's...
If vaginal fluid is found on clothing or on the body of the suspect, it may indicate the occurrence of sexual assault. Therefore, it is important to collect the victim's vaginal fluid at different sites from the suspect. Previous studies have revealed that fresh vaginal fluids can be identified based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing data. However, the influence of environmental factors on the stability of microbial markers must be investigated before being used in forensic practice. We collected vaginal fluid from nine unrelated individuals and placed each individual of vaginal swab on five different substrates. A total of 54 vaginal swabs were analyzed using 16S rRNA on the V3-V4 regions. Then, we constructed a random forest model including the samples of all vaginal fluids in this study and the other four types of body fluids in our previous studies. The alpha diversity of vaginal samples increased after exposure to the substrate environment for 30 days. The dominant vaginal bacteria were Lactobacillus and Gardnerella, which remained relatively stable after exposure, with Lactobacillus being the most abundant in all substrates, while Gardnerella was more abundant in other substrates than in the polyester fiber substrate. Except for bed sheets, Bifidobacterium significantly declined when placed on other substrates. Rhodococcus and Delftia from the substrate environment migrated to the vaginal samples. Rhodococcus was abundant in polyester fibers, and Delftia was abundant in wool substrates, while those environmental bacteria were all in low abundance in bed sheets. Overall, the bed sheet substrates showed a good retention capacity for the dominant flora and could reduce the number of taxa migrated by the environment compared with the other substrates. Both fresh and exposed vaginal samples of the same individuals could mostly be clustered and clearly distinguished from different individuals, showing the potential of individual identification, and the confusion matrix value of body fluid identification for vaginal samples was 1. In summary, vaginal samples placed on the surface of different substrates retained their stability and demonstrated good application potential for individual and body fluid identification.
Topics: Humans; Female; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Body Fluids; Vagina; Microbiota; Polyesters
PubMed: 37339565
DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2023.111766 -
New Microbes and New Infections Jan 2021The aim of the study was to describe the contamination in heater-cooler devices after the application of a protocol of cleaning and disinfection in a tertiary hospital....
The aim of the study was to describe the contamination in heater-cooler devices after the application of a protocol of cleaning and disinfection in a tertiary hospital. It was an observational study at the La Paz-Cantoblanco-Carlos III University Hospital, Madrid, Spain. Seven heater-cooler devices are used in our hospital: five 3T Sorin (LivaNova) and two Maquet. We followed the manufacturers' instructions for cleaning and disinfection of the different heater-cooler devices. Environmental testing was developed monthly from January 2017 to July 2019. Samples were obtained from both cardioplegia and patient circuits and before and after the disinfection process and were cultured in appropriate media for non-tuberculous mycobacteria and heterotrophic bacteria (coliforms and ). A total of 320 samples were taken. grew in four water samples (1.25%) from three different heater-cooler devices, with two positive results occurring after disinfection. The heterotrophic bacteria and were also found. There has not been a case of infection in patients after cardiac surgery in our hospital. In March 2019, we decided to move the heater-cooler device outside the operating room. contamination is not always eradicated by disinfection processes. We believe that placing 3T heater-cooler devices outside the operating room is the best option in preventing infection during cardiac surgery.
PubMed: 33437492
DOI: 10.1016/j.nmni.2020.100757 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Postmenopausal women often suffer from vaginal symptoms associated with atrophic vaginitis. Additionally, gynecologic cancer survivors may live for decades with...
Postmenopausal women often suffer from vaginal symptoms associated with atrophic vaginitis. Additionally, gynecologic cancer survivors may live for decades with additional, clinically significant, persistent vaginal toxicities caused by cancer therapies, including pain, dyspareunia, and sexual dysfunction. The vaginal microbiome (VM) has been previously linked with vaginal symptoms related to menopause ( dryness). Our previous work showed that gynecologic cancer patients exhibit distinct VM profiles from healthy women, with low abundance of lactobacilli and prevalence of multiple opportunistic pathogenic bacteria. Here we explore the association between the dynamics and structure of the vaginal microbiome with the manifestation and persistence of vaginal symptoms, during one year after completion of cancer therapies, while controlling for clinical and sociodemographic factors. We compared cross-sectionally the vaginal microbiome in 134 women, 64 gynecologic patients treated with radiotherapy and 68 healthy controls, and we longitudinally followed a subset of 52 women quarterly (4 times in a year: pre-radiation therapy, 2, 6 and 12 months post-therapy). Differences among the VM profiles of cancer and healthy women were more pronounced with the progression of time. Cancer patients had higher diversity VMs and a variety of vaginal community types (CTs) that are not dominated by , with extensive VM variation between individuals. Additionally, cancer patients exhibit highly unstable VMs (based on Bray-Curtis distances) compared to healthy controls. Vaginal symptoms prevalent in cancer patients included vaginal pain (40%), hemorrhage (35%), vaginismus (28%) and inflammation (20%), while symptoms such as dryness (45%), lack of lubrication (33%) and dyspareunia (32%) were equally or more prominent in healthy women at baseline. However, 24% of cancer patients experienced persistent symptoms at all time points, as opposed to 12% of healthy women. Symptom persistence was strongly inversely correlated with VM stability; for example, patients with persistent dryness or abnormally high pH have the most unstable microbiomes. Associations were identified between vaginal symptoms and individual bacterial taxa, including: with vaginal dryness, with pain following vaginal intercourse, and with low levels of lubrication during intercourse. Taken together our results indicate that gynecologic cancer therapy is associated with reduced vaginal microbiome stability and vaginal symptom persistence.
Topics: Dyspareunia; Female; Humans; Lactobacillus; Menopause; Microbiota; Neoplasms; Vagina
PubMed: 34778097
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.680038