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Aging Clinical and Experimental Research Mar 2020Vitamin E represents a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory system, playing a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Different plasma concentrations of the forms of...
BACKGROUND
Vitamin E represents a potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory system, playing a role in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Different plasma concentrations of the forms of vitamin E are observed in AD compared to cognitively healthy subjects.
AIM
Since these modifications may modulate the markers of oxidative stress and cellular aging, we aim to explore the relationship between vitamin E forms and leukocyte telomere length (LTL) in AD.
METHODS
53 AD subjects and 40 cognitively healthy controls (CTs) were enrolled. The vitamin E forms (α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol, α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocotrienol), the ratio of α-tocopherylquinone/α-tocopherol and 5-nitro-γ-tocopherol/γ-tocopherol (markers of oxidative/nitrosative damage) and LTL were measured.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Regression model was used to explore the associations of vitamin E forms and LTL with AD. The interaction of LTL in the association between vitamin E forms and AD was tested. AD subjects showed significantly lower concentrations of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol, α- and δ-tocotrienol, total tocopherols, total tocotrienols and total vitamin E compared to CTs. AD subjects showed higher values of nitrosative/oxidative damage. The adjusted analyses confirmed a significant relationship of AD with plasma concentrations of α- and β-tocopherols, δ-tocotrienol, total tocopherols, total tocotrienol, total vitamin E and oxidative/nitrosative damage. However, nitrosative damage was significantly associated with AD only in subjects with higher LTL and not in those expressing marked cellular aging.
CONCLUSIONS
Our study confirms the role of vitamin E in AD pathology and indicates that nitrosative damage influences the association with AD only in subjects characterized by longer LTL.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Cellular Senescence; Cohort Studies; Disease Progression; Female; Humans; Male; Oxidative Stress; Telomere Homeostasis; Vitamin E
PubMed: 31054115
DOI: 10.1007/s40520-019-01209-3 -
Journal of Separation Science Nov 2023Vitamin E represents a group of lipophilic phenolic compounds, including α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol, and α-tocotrienol,...
Vitamin E represents a group of lipophilic phenolic compounds, including α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol, and α-tocotrienol, β-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, and δ-tocotrienol isomers. Different forms of vitamin E have been proven to exhibit varying biological activities. However, due to their structural similarities, the separation of vitamin E isomers is a challenging task. Therefore, it is crucial to establish an efficient method for isolating individual isomers. In this study, co-current countercurrent chromatography was employed to isolate vitamin E isomers from commercial capsules using a n-heptane-methanol-water (10:9.5:0.5, v/v) solvent system. The partition coefficients of the main constituents in the capsules ranged from 0.94 to 6.23, requiring over 450 min for a complete separation. To improve separation efficiency, a co-current elution mode was implemented and the flow rates of the two liquid phases as well as sample amount were examined. The results suggested that increasing the flow rate of the stationary phase and sample size could result in more effective separation, shorter separation time, and higher yield. It proved that co-current countercurrent chromatography was an effective method for the separation of vitamin E isomers.
Topics: Countercurrent Distribution; Vitamin E; Isomerism; Solvents; Methanol
PubMed: 37654055
DOI: 10.1002/jssc.202300285 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jan 2023Tocopherols are natural bioactive compounds with several health benefits. This study evaluated the effect of different ratios of α- and δ- tocopherol homologs to...
Evaluation of the Efficacy and Synergistic Effect of α- and δ-Tocopherol as Natural Antioxidants in the Stabilization of Sunflower Oil and Olive Pomace Oil during Storage Conditions.
Tocopherols are natural bioactive compounds with several health benefits. This study evaluated the effect of different ratios of α- and δ- tocopherol homologs to protect sunflower oil (SO) and olive pomace oil (OPO) against oxidation. A synergistic effect was recorded when the two tocopherols were combined at a ratio of 7:1 (α-T/δ-T). The oil samples were exposed to accelerated oxidation conditions using a Rancimat (90 °C and airflow of 15 L/h for 24 h) and protection from tocopherols was compared with that from butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT). Assessment of oil stability was examined using well-known parameters such as peroxide value (PV), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), p-anisidine value (p-AV), conjugated dienes (CD) and trienes (CT), and total oxidation (Totox) value, which were all significantly reduced when tocopherols were added at a ratio of 7:1 α-T/δ-T. Primary oxidative compounds measured according to PV were only reduced in SO samples (6.11%). Off-flavor compounds measured via TBARS assay in SO samples were reduced by above 20%, while p-AV was also reduced. CDvalue was correlated with PV in SO samples, while the 7:1 mixture was more effective than BHT for CTvalue. Total oxidation values in SO samples and OPO samples were reduced by 6.02% and 12.62%, respectively. These values in SO samples also provided a remarkable correlation (R2 > 0.95) with incubation time. Moreover, the synergistic effect was not only effective in reducing the oxidation values of oil samples, but also in lowering the degradation rate of tocopherols. Protective effects from tocopherols were mainly observed in SO samples, as OPO samples were more resistant to oxidation processes. This effect was even observed in fatty acid analysis, where the 7:1 mixture provided better results than BHT-spiked samples. Thus, it is suggested that tocopherol mixtures might be used as a natural preservative in the food industry to restrain lipid oxidation processes.
Topics: Antioxidants; Sunflower Oil; Olive Oil; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Tocopherols; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Oils
PubMed: 36674630
DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021113 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) May 2022Soybean seeds are rich in secondary metabolites which are beneficial for human health, including tocopherols. Tocopherols play an important role in human and animal...
Soybean seeds are rich in secondary metabolites which are beneficial for human health, including tocopherols. Tocopherols play an important role in human and animal nutrition thanks to their antioxidant activity. In this study, the 'Forrest' by 'Williams 82' (F×W82) recombinant inbred line (RIL) population ( = 306) was used to map quantitative trait loci (QTL) for seed α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, δ -tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, and total tocopherol contents in Carbondale, IL over two years. Also, the identification of the candidate genes involved in soybean tocopherols biosynthetic pathway was performed. A total of 32 QTL controlling various seed tocopherol contents have been identified and mapped on Chrs. 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 13, 16, 17, and 20. One major and novel QTL was identified on Chr. 6 with an R of 27.8, 9.9, and 6.9 for δ-tocopherol, α-tocopherol, and total tocopherol content, respectively. Reverse BLAST analysis of the genes that were identified in allowed the identification of 37 genes involved in soybean tocopherol pathway, among which 11 were located close to the identified QTLs. The tocopherol cyclase gene () is located close to the QTLs controlling δ-tocopherol (R = 27.8), α-tocopherol (R = 9.96), and total-tocopherol (R = 6.95). The geranylgeranyl diphosphate reductase () gene is located close to a QTL controlling total tocopherol content in soybean (R = 4.42). The two methylphytylbenzoquinol methyltransferase () candidate genes and are located close to a QTL controlling δ-tocopherol content (R = 3.57). The two γ-tocopherol methyltransferase () genes, and , are located close to QTLs controlling (γ+ß) tocopherol content (R = 8.86) and total tocopherol (R = 5.94). The identified tocopherol seed QTLs and candidate genes will be beneficial in breeding programs to develop soybean cultivars with high tocopherol contents.
PubMed: 35567259
DOI: 10.3390/plants11091258 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2023The seeds of 111 sp. different fruit use (dessert and cider apples) cultivars/genotypes developed in 18 countries were analysed to evaluate composition of tocopherol...
The seeds of 111 sp. different fruit use (dessert and cider apples) cultivars/genotypes developed in 18 countries were analysed to evaluate composition of tocopherol homologues and identify crop-specific profile, including diploid, triploid, and tetraploid apple cultivars with and without scab-resistance to ensure high genetic diversity. The percentage of individual tocopherols was as follows: alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T) (38.36%), beta-tocopherol (beta-T) (40.74%), gamma-tocopherol (gamma-T) (10.93%), and delta-tocopherol (delta-T) (9.97%), represented by average measurements of 17.48, 18.56, 4.98, and 4.54 mg/100 g dry weight, respectively. The values of the variation coefficient showed high variability for delta (0.695) and gamma (0.662) homologue content, whereas measurements of alpha-T and beta-T were less variable (coefficient of variation 0.203 and 0.256, respectively). The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA) revealed three main cultivar groups characterised by almost equal content of all four tocopherol homologues (Group I), high concentrations of alpha-T and beta-T, but very low content of gamma-T and delta-T (Group II), and relatively high average content of alpha-T and beta-T, but higher gamma-T and delta-T content (Group III). Specific tocopherol homologues showed association with certain valuable traits, such as harvesting time (total content of tocopherols) and resistance to apple scab (alpha-T and total content of tocopherols). This study represents the first large-scale tocopherol homologue (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta) screening in apple seeds. The dominant tocopherol homologues in cultivated apple cultivars are alpha-T and beta-T, with the prevalence of alpha-T or beta-T depending on genotype. It is a unique finding due to the rare occurrence of beta-T in the plant world and is considered a unique feature of the species.
PubMed: 36904029
DOI: 10.3390/plants12051169 -
Pediatric Research Aug 2021Perinatal inflammation adversely affects health. Therefore, aims of this IRB-approved study are: (1) compare inflammatory compounds within and between maternal and... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study
BACKGROUND
Perinatal inflammation adversely affects health. Therefore, aims of this IRB-approved study are: (1) compare inflammatory compounds within and between maternal and umbilical cord blood samples at the time of delivery, (2) assess relationships between inflammatory compounds in maternal and cord blood with birth characteristics/outcomes, and (3) assess relationships between blood and placental fat-soluble nutrients with blood levels of individual inflammatory compounds.
METHODS
Mother-infant dyads were enrolled (n = 152) for collection of birth data and biological samples of maternal blood, umbilical cord blood, and placental tissue. Nutrient levels included: lutein + zeaxanthin; lycopene; α-, β-carotene; β-cryptoxanthin; retinol; α-, γ-, δ-tocopherol. Inflammatory compounds included: tumor necrosis factor-α, superoxide dismutase, interleukins (IL) 1β, 2, 6, 8, 10.
RESULTS
Median inflammatory compound levels were 1.2-2.3 times higher in cord vs. maternal blood, except IL2 (1.3 times lower). Multiple significant correlations existed between maternal vs. infant inflammatory compounds (range of r = 0.22-0.48). While relationships existed with blood nutrient levels, the most significant were identified in placenta where all nutrients (except δ-tocopherol) exhibited relationships with inflammatory compounds. Relationships between anti-inflammatory nutrients and proinflammatory compounds were primarily inverse.
CONCLUSION
Inflammation is strongly correlated between mother-infant dyads. Fat-soluble nutrients have relationships with inflammatory compounds, suggesting nutrition is a modifiable factor.
IMPACT
Mother and newborn inflammation status are strongly interrelated. Levels of fat-soluble nutrients in blood, but especially placenta, are associated with blood levels of proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory compounds in both mother and newborn infant. As fat-soluble nutrient levels are associated with blood inflammatory compounds, nutrition is a modifiable factor to modulate inflammation and improve perinatal outcomes.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Inflammation Mediators; Lipids; Male; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutrients; Nutritional Status; Parturition; Placenta; Pregnancy; Solubility
PubMed: 33293682
DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-01302-8 -
Nutritional Neuroscience May 2023To identify the nutrients that influence the performance of working memory, which is greatly affected as age progresses.
OBJECTIVE
To identify the nutrients that influence the performance of working memory, which is greatly affected as age progresses.
METHOD
A total of 1646 healthy adults between 21 and 80 years old participated in the study. The daily consumption of 64 nutrients was examined using a food frequency questionnaire that assessed food intake during the previous year. Working memory was measured in the verbal and spatial domains using a computerized task. We examined which nutrients influence working memory across the entire adult lifespan and whether the influence of any of these nutrients on working memory is moderated by individuals' ages.
RESULTS
Working memory, across the entire adult lifespan, benefits from the intake of cholesterol, alcohol, gamma- and delta-tocopherol, vitamin B6, and palmitoleic, oleic, alpha linoleic and linoleic acids. Moderator analyses revealed that fats, energy, lactose and sodium negatively influenced working memory in middle-aged and older adults, whereas vitamin D and vitamin C had positive effects on memory beyond 70 years of age.
CONCLUSION
Nutrients have the ability to positively or negatively affect working memory, which varies as a function of age.
Topics: Middle Aged; Humans; Aged; Young Adult; Adult; Aged, 80 and over; Longevity; Memory, Short-Term; Nutrients; Vitamins; Vitamin B 6
PubMed: 35343878
DOI: 10.1080/1028415X.2022.2055378 -
Frontiers in Nutrition 2022Regular consumption of hen eggs can help to prevent deficiencies of essential nutrients, such as essential amino acids, vitamin A and E or trace elements zinc and...
Regular consumption of hen eggs can help to prevent deficiencies of essential nutrients, such as essential amino acids, vitamin A and E or trace elements zinc and selenium, for vulnerable populations. This study focused on assessing the nutritional value of spray-dried eggs, favored by their manufacturability, storability and ease of addition to (complementary) foods. Using a wide range of analytical techniques, we recorded and compared the nutrient profiles of commercially produced pasteurized whole eggs and their respective powder samples spray-dried at 160°C. Important nutrients that were not significantly affected by spray-drying include total fat content, several amino acids, α- and δ-tocopherol, lutein, zeaxanthin, essential trace elements and cobalamin. The most notable mean losses were found for unsaturated fatty acids, e.g., linoleic (by -38.7%, from 4.11 ± 0.45 to 2.52 ± 0.75 g/100 g DM) and linolenic acid (by -60.8%, from 0.76 ± 0.05 to 0.30 ± 0.04 g/100 g DM). Despite recording significant retinol losses in two out of three batches, the overall low reduction of -14% recommend spray-dried eggs as a valuable source of vitamin A. A daily intake of spray-dried egg powder corresponding to one medium sized egg meets dietary reference values for children, e.g., by 100% for vitamin E, by 24% for retinol, by 61% for selenium and by 22% for zinc. In conclusion, even though a dry weight comparison favors supplementation with pasteurized whole eggs, our results demonstrate a high potential for spray-dried eggs as nutritional supplement. However, the spray-drying process should be optimized toward higher retentions of unsaturated fatty acids and retinol.
PubMed: 36118778
DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.984715 -
Journal of Oleo Science 2021The tocopherol contents of unripe and ripe avocado fruit oil extracted from Pinkerton, Hass and Fuerte varieties were determined after drying fruit using air, microwave...
The tocopherol contents of unripe and ripe avocado fruit oil extracted from Pinkerton, Hass and Fuerte varieties were determined after drying fruit using air, microwave or oven drying methods. The α-tocopherol content changed between 13.70 mg/100 g (microwave-dried) and 28.06 mg/100 g (air-dried) in oil from unripe Pinkerton fruit; between 14.86 mg/100 g (microwave-dried) and 88.12 mg/100 g (fresh) in oil from unripe Hass fruit and between 13.31 mg/100 g (microwave-dried) and 17.35 mg/100 g (oven-dried) in oil from unripe Fuerte fruit. The α-tocopherol contents in oil from ripe Fuerte fruit changed between 13.21 mg/100 g (fresh) and 17.61 mg/100 g (oven-dried). In addition, γ-tocopherol contents varied between 11.55 mg/100 g (air-dried) and 14.61 mg/100 g (microwave-dried) unripe "Pinkerton" fruit; between 11.52 mg/100 g (air-dried) and 15.01 mg/100 g (fresh) in unripe Hass fruit and between 12.17 mg/100 g (air-dried) and 15.27 mg/100 g (microwave-dried) unripe Fuerte fruit. The γ-tocopherol contents ranged from 12.71 mg/100 g (fresh) to 17.40 mg/100 g (oven-dried) in ripe Hass fruit; from 10.29 mg/100 g (fresh) and 17.20 mg/100 g (microwave-dried) ripe Fuerte fruit. α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherols could not be detected in ripe fresh Pinkerton fruit. In general, β- and δ-tocopherol could not be detected in most of the unripe and ripe avocado fruit oils. α-Tocopherol and γ-tocopherol contents of dried ripe Fuerte fruit oils were found to be higher compared to those of dried unripe Fuerte fruits.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Desiccation; Fruit; Microwaves; Persea; Plant Oils; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Tocopherols
PubMed: 33431769
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess20230 -
Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology Jan 2022Luisia tenuifolia Blume is also known as "slender leaved Luisia" and has been traditionally used in various skin ailments. The study was conducted to investigate and...
Luisia tenuifolia Blume is also known as "slender leaved Luisia" and has been traditionally used in various skin ailments. The study was conducted to investigate and further characterize the volatile bioactives of different extracts of L. tenuifolia. Whole plants of L. tenuifolia, after collection, were shade dried, pulverized, and extracted successively with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol by Soxhlet percolation. Each of the crude extracts was further subjected to gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. GC-MS profile of all the four extracts was established and a wide range of secondary metabolites were identified and characterized spectroscopically. A total of 25, 27, 14, and 15 components were identified in the n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts accounting for 79.31, 78.28, 97.08, and 83.83% of the total peak areas of volatile components, respectively. Several pharmacologically active components including natural antioxidants (β-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol), saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, eicosane, phytol, and spheroidenone were present. Thus, the current study reports the presence of promising, volatile yet thermostable bioactive components and in turn provides a promising note in the exploration of its biological activity.
Topics: Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Orchidaceae; Plant Extracts; Volatile Organic Compounds
PubMed: 34845587
DOI: 10.1007/s12010-021-03745-z