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Advances in Protein Chemistry and... 2023Wolman disorder (WD) was first described in Iranian-Jewish (IJ) children, and it is caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal acid lipase (LAL). Newborns with WD are...
Wolman disorder (WD) was first described in Iranian-Jewish (IJ) children, and it is caused by a deficiency of the lysosomal acid lipase (LAL). Newborns with WD are healthy and active at birth but soon develop severe malnutrition symptoms and often die before 1 year. In particular, spleens, livers, bone marrows, intestines, adrenal glands, and lymph nodes accumulate harmful amounts of lipids. G87V mutation in LIPA is responsible for Wolman disorder. Some reports suggest that δ-tocopherol can reduce lipid accumulation in cholesterol storage disorders. Hence, we used δ-tocopherol for the virtual screening process in this study. Initially, the lead compounds were docked with native and G87V mutant LIPA. Subsequently, the ADME and toxicity parameters for screened compounds were determined to ensure the safety profiles. Finally, the molecular dynamics simulations result indicated that dl-alpha-Tocopherol-13C3, a molecule obtained from the PubChem database, is identified as a potential and stable lead molecule that could be effective against the G87V mutant form of LIPA.
Topics: Child; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Wolman Disease; Iran; Sterol Esterase; Lipase; Lipids
PubMed: 36707205
DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2022.10.010 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jul 2021leaves have been traditionally used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat certain cancerous illness. This study explored the metabolomic profile of this...
leaves have been traditionally used in Mexican traditional medicine to treat certain cancerous illness. This study explored the metabolomic profile of this species using untargeted technique. Likewise, it determined the cytotoxic activity and interpreted all data by computational tools. The metabolomic profile was developed through UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS for dereplication purposes. MetaboAnalyst database was used in metabolic pathway analysis and the network topological analysis. Hexane, chloroform/methanol, and aqueous extracts were evaluated on HepG2, Hep3B, HeLa, PC3, A549, and MCF7 cancer cell lines and IHH immortalized hepatic cells, using Cell Titer proliferation assay kit. Hexane extract was the most active against Hep3B (IC = 27 ± 3 μg/mL), while CHCl/MeOH extract was the most selective (SI = 2.77) on the same cell line. A Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed similar profiles between the extracts, while a Venn diagram revealed 80 coincident metabolites between the bioactive extracts. The sesquiterpenoid and triterpenoid biosynthesis pathway was the most significant identified. The Network Pharmacology (NP) approach revealed several targets for presqualene diphosphate, phytol, stearic acid, -tocopherol, ursolic acid and -linolenic acid, involved in cellular processes such as apoptosis. This work highlights the integration of untargeted metabolomic profile and cytotoxic activity to explore plant extracts, and the NP approach to interpreting the experimental results.
PubMed: 34371592
DOI: 10.3390/plants10071389 -
Frontiers in Pharmacology 2021The purpose of this study was to determine if different vitamin E components exhibit similar efficacy and mechanism of action in protecting Retinal pigment epithelium...
The purpose of this study was to determine if different vitamin E components exhibit similar efficacy and mechanism of action in protecting Retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells from oxidative damage. We hypothesized that α-tocopherol (αT) is unique among vitamin E components in its cytoprotective mechanism of action against oxidative stress in RPE cells and that it requires protein synthesis for optimal antioxidant effect. We used cell viability assays, fluorescent chemical labeling of DNA and actin and immuno-labeling of the antioxidant proteins Nrf2 and Sod2 and of the tight junction protein, ZO-1, and confocal microscopy to determine the effects of αT and γT against oxidative stress in immortalized human RPE cells (hTERT-RPE). Using the four main vitamin E components, αT, γT, δ-tocopherol (δT) and α-tocotrienol (αTr), we ascertained that they exhibit similar, but not identical, antioxidant activity as αT when used at equimolar concentrations. In addition, we determined that the exposure time of RPE cells to α-tocopherol is critical for its ability to protect against oxidative damage. Lastly, we determined that αT, but not γT, partially requires the synthesis of new proteins within a 24-h period and prior to exposure to tBHP for optimal cytoprotection. We conclude that, unlike γT and δT, αT appears to be unique in its requirement for transport and/or signaling for it to be an effective antioxidant. As a result, more focus should be paid to which vitamin E components are used for antioxidant interventions.
PubMed: 35058783
DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.798938 -
Genes Apr 2024Tocopherols are secondary metabolites synthesized through the shikimate biosynthetic pathway in the plastids of most plants. It is well known that α-Tocopherol (vitamin... (Review)
Review
Tocopherols are secondary metabolites synthesized through the shikimate biosynthetic pathway in the plastids of most plants. It is well known that α-Tocopherol (vitamin E) has many health benefits for humans and animals; therefore, it is highly used in human and animal diets. Tocopherols vary considerably in most crop (and plant) species and within cultivars of the same species depending on environmental and growth conditions; tocopherol content is a polygenic, complex traits, and its inheritance is poorly understood. The objective of this review paper was to summarize all identified quantitative trait loci (QTL) that control seed tocopherols and related contents identified in maize () during the past two decades (2002-2022). Candidate genes identified within these QTL regions are also discussed. The QTL described here, and candidate genes identified within these genomic regions could be used in breeding programs to develop maize cultivars with high, beneficial levels of seed tocopherol contents.
Topics: Zea mays; Quantitative Trait Loci; Seeds; Tocopherols
PubMed: 38674406
DOI: 10.3390/genes15040472 -
Food Chemistry Mar 2021Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) oil (SI) is appreciated for its nutritional and sensorial characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate SI changes during...
Sacha inchi (Plukenetia volubilis) oil (SI) is appreciated for its nutritional and sensorial characteristics. The aim of this study was to evaluate SI changes during French fries deep-frying at 170 °C or 180 °C up to 119 and 50 min, respectively; commercial soybean oil (SO) was tested as control. SI had high α-linolenic acid (53.8%), linoleic acid (33.4%) and total tocopherols (2540.1 mg/kg). During frying tocopherol content, oil stability and antioxidant capacity (ABTS, DPPH) decreased following zero-order kinetics; γ-tocopherol showed the strongest decrease. Notwithstanding the high SI unsaturation and the commercial antioxidant (TBHQ) in SO, SI showed slightly higher or similar hydrolysis (free fatty acids and diacylglycerols), similar primary (K, oxidized-triacylglycerols) and lower secondary (K, triacylglycerol oligopolymers) oxidation. Because of the high tocopherol content, SI showed lower degradation than SO. Thus, SI is suitable for short-term deep-frying; additionally, it may enhance the nutritional value and the flavour of fried foods.
Topics: Antioxidants; Cooking; Euphorbiaceae; Fatty Acids; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Oils; Tocopherols
PubMed: 32890859
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.127942 -
Food Chemistry May 2021We present the chemical composition, quality parameters and antioxidant capacity of pumpkin seed oils (PSO) from Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita maxima, and Cucurbita moschata...
We present the chemical composition, quality parameters and antioxidant capacity of pumpkin seed oils (PSO) from Cucurbita pepo, Cucurbita maxima, and Cucurbita moschata cultivated in Brazil. In addition, PSO nanoemulsions (nanopepo, nanomax and nanomosc) were developed and their physical stabilities were assessed under long-term storage at two temperatures. Among the PSO, C. pepo presented the highest contents of polyunsaturated fatty acids, total carotenoids, and chlorophylls, but the lowest oxidative stability. Conversely, C. maxima PSO showed highest oxidative stability and total tocopherol content but the lowest chlorophyll content. Nanomax and nanopepo were more stable to droplet growth at 4 °C, while nanomosc was more stable at 25 °C. Nanopepo was the most stable formulation after the heating-cooling cycles, whereas nanomax was the most stable under centrifugation regardless the temperature. Overall, all nanoemulsions presented droplet diameter lower than 200 nm and ζ-potential approaching -30 mV until the end of storage.
Topics: Antioxidants; Brazil; Carotenoids; Cucurbita; Emulsions; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Food Storage; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nanostructures; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Oils; Seeds; Temperature; Tocopherols
PubMed: 33223288
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128512 -
Oxidative Medicine and Cellular... 2020It remains unknown how different glucose tolerance status affects the relationships between dietary intake of different tocopherol isoforms (-, -, -, and -tocopherol)...
Potential Protective Effect of Dietary Intake of Non--Tocopherols on Cellular Aging Markers Mediated by Tumor Necrosis Factor- in Prediabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study of Chinese Adults.
It remains unknown how different glucose tolerance status affects the relationships between dietary intake of different tocopherol isoforms (-, -, -, and -tocopherol) and cellular aging, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. The authors conducted a cross-sectional study among 582 Chinese adults with different glucose tolerance status to explore the association between dietary intake of different tocopherol isoforms and cellular aging, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers. The inverse correlations between non--tocopherols and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-) varied substantially across different glucose tolerance status, with the strongest observed in prediabetes ( = -0.33 for -/-tocopherol, = -0.37 for -tocopherol, < 0.01), followed by normal glucose tolerance (NGT). While such correlations were abolished in established diabetes. Furthermore, within prediabetes, the strongest inverse correlations between non--tocopherols and TNF- were observed in impaired fasting glucose (IFG) ( = -0.42 for -/-tocopherol, = -0.55 for -tocopherol, < 0.01), while such correlations were significantly attenuated in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and IFG+IGT. And mediation model analysis displayed that TNF- mediated the protective effect of non--tocopherols on leukocyte telomere length and mitochondrial DNA copy number, which was uniquely observed in prediabetes, while such mediation effect was statistically nonsignificant in NGT and established diabetes. In conclusion, our findings indicate that dietary intake of non--tocopherols might protect against cellular aging markers mediated by TNF- in prediabetes. Individuals with prediabetes, especially for IFG, might benefit from increasing dietary intake of non--tocopherol in alleviating inflammation and cellular aging, which might provide a new dietary avenue for delaying diabetes onset.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cellular Senescence; China; Cross-Sectional Studies; DNA Copy Number Variations; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Middle Aged; Prediabetic State; Tocopherols; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Young Adult
PubMed: 32509152
DOI: 10.1155/2020/7396801 -
British Poultry Science Dec 20221. This study determined the influence of (IO) vitamin E and ascorbic acid injections on hatching performance, chick development and antioxidant content of different...
Influence of in-ovo vitamin E and ascorbic acid injections on chick development, hatching performance and antioxidant content in different tissues of newly-hatched quail chicks.
1. This study determined the influence of (IO) vitamin E and ascorbic acid injections on hatching performance, chick development and antioxidant content of different tissues in day-old quail chicks. The experiment compared a control group (C: non-injection group) and injection groups, which had the yolk sac injected with 3.75 mg α- tocopherol (T1), or had the amniotic sac injected with 0.9% saline solution (T2), 2.5 mg ascorbic acid containing 0.9% saline solution (T3) and 2.5 mg ascorbic acid solution (T4), respectively.2. Mean relative asymmetry (RA) of bilateral lengths increased in the T2, T3 and T4 groups, whereas it decreased in the T1 group compared to C. The highest total carotene content in the residual yolk sac (RYS) was seen for the T1 group, which was significantly higher compared to T2, T3 and T4 groups. The highest total carotene concentration in the liver was in the T1 group.3. The concentrations of delta-tocopherol, gamma-tocopherol and total vitamin E in RYS tissue were significantly higher in the T1 group than T2, T3 and T4 groups. Alpha-tocopherol and total vitamin E levels in the liver were significantly higher in the T2 and T4 groups than C.4. injections of vitamin E and ascorbic acid to different embryonic sacs caused antioxidant-specific effects on developmental stability of bilateral traits, RYS absorption, concentrations of total carotene and derivatives of vitamin E in newly hatched quail chicks.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Chickens; Vitamin E; Saline Solution; Ascorbic Acid; Carotenoids; alpha-Tocopherol
PubMed: 35786116
DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2022.2094221 -
Environmental Research Dec 2020Childhood obesity is a national public health issue with increasing prevalence. It has been linked to diet, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, with...
BACKGROUND
Childhood obesity is a national public health issue with increasing prevalence. It has been linked to diet, lack of physical activity, and genetic susceptibility, with more recent evidence that it could also result from environmental factors. Studies linking it to environmental factors are limited, unsystematic, incomprehensive, and inconclusive.
OBJECTIVE
To conduct an environment-wide association study (EWAS) to comprehensively investigate all the environmental factors available in a nationally representative sample of children to determine factors associated with childhood obesity.
METHODS
We utilized the 1999-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) datasets and included all children/adolescents (6-17 years). Obesity was measured using body mass index and waist to height ratio. A multinomial and binary logistic regression were used adjusting for age, sex, race/ethnicity, creatinine, calorie intake, physical activity, screen time, limitation to physical activities, and socioeconomic status. We then controlled for multiple hypothesis testing and validated our findings on a different cohort of children.
RESULTS
We found that metals such as beryllium (OR: 3.305 CI: 1.460-7.479) and platinum (OR: 1.346 CI: 1.107-1.636); vitamins such as gamma-tocopherol (OR: 8.297 CI: 5.683-12.114) and delta-tocopherol (OR: 1.841 CI:1.476-2.297); heterocyclic aromatic amines such as 2-Amino-9H-pyrido (2,3-b) indole (OR: 1.323 CI: 1.083-1.617) and 2-Amino-3-methyl-9H-pyriodo(2,3-b)indole (OR: 2.799 CI: 1.442-5.433); polycyclic aromatic amines such as 9- fluorene (OR: 1.509 CI: 1.230-1.851) and 4-phenanthrene (OR: 2.828 CI: 1.632-4.899); and caffeine metabolites such as 1,3,7-trimethyluric acid (OR: 1.22 CI: 1.029-1.414) and 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (OR: 1.258 CI: 1.075-1.473) were positively and significantly associated with childhood obesity.
CONCLUSION
Following the unique concept of EWAS, certain environmental factors were associated with childhood obesity. Further studies are required to confirm these associations while investigating their mechanisms of action.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Mass Index; Child; Exercise; Humans; Logistic Models; Nutrition Surveys; Pediatric Obesity
PubMed: 32841636
DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110109 -
Plants (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022Tocopherols are natural antioxidants that increase the stability of fat-containing foods and are well known for their health benefits. To investigate the variation in...
Tocopherols are natural antioxidants that increase the stability of fat-containing foods and are well known for their health benefits. To investigate the variation in seed tocopherol composition of soybeans from different origins, 493 soybean accessions from different countries (China, USA, Japan, and Russia) belonging to 7 maturity groups (MG 0-VI) were grown in 2 locations (Beijing and Hainan Provinces of China) for 2 years (2017 and 2018). The results showed that significant differences ( < 0.001) were observed among the accessions and origins for individual and total tocopherol contents. The total tocopherol content ranged from 118.92 μg g to 344.02 μg g. Accessions from the USA had the highest average concentration of γ- and total tocopherols (152.92 and 238.21 μg g, respectively), whereas a higher level of α-tocopherol (12.82 μg g) was observed in the Russian accessions. The maturity group of the accession significantly ( < 0.001) influenced all tocopherol components, and higher levels of α-, γ-, and total tocopherols were observed in early maturing accessions, while late-maturing accessions exhibited higher levels of δ-tocopherol. The inclination of tocopherol concentrations with various MGs provided further evidence of the significance of MG in soybean breeding for seed tocopherol components. Furthermore, the correlation between the seed tocopherol components and geographical factors revealed that α-, γ-, and total tocopherols had significant positive correlations with latitude, while δ-tocopherol showed an opposite trend. The elite accessions with high and stable tocopherol concentrations determined could be used to develop functional foods, industrial materials, and breeding lines to improve tocopherol composition in soybean seeds.
PubMed: 35050094
DOI: 10.3390/plants11020206