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Experimental Cell Research Mar 2022Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), also known as Hunter syndrome, is a rare, lysosomal disorder caused by mutations in a gene encoding iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS)....
Mucopolysaccharidosis type II (MPS II), also known as Hunter syndrome, is a rare, lysosomal disorder caused by mutations in a gene encoding iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS). IDS deficiency results in an accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) and secondary accumulations of other lipids in lysosomes. Symptoms of MPS II include a variety of soft and hard tissue problems, developmental delay, and deterioration of multiple organs. Enzyme replacement therapy is an approved treatment for MPS II, but fails to improve neuronal symptoms. Cell-based neuronal models of MPS II disease are needed for compound screening and drug development for the treatment of the neuronal symptoms in MPS II. In this study, three induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines were generated from three MPS II patient-derived dermal fibroblast cell lines that were differentiated into neural stem cells and neurons. The disease phenotypes were measured using immunofluorescence staining and Nile red dye staining. In addition, the therapeutic effects of recombinant human IDS enzyme, delta-tocopherol (DT), and hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin (HPBCD) were determined in the MPS II disease cells. Finally, the neural stem cells from two of the MPS II iPSC lines exhibited typical disease features including a deficiency of IDS activity, abnormal glycosaminoglycan storage, and secondary lipid accumulation. Enzyme replacement therapy partially rescued the disease phenotypes in these cells. DT showed a significant effect in reducing the secondary accumulation of lipids in the MPS II neural stem cells. In contrast, HPBCD displayed limited or no effect in these cells. Our data indicate that these MPS II cells can be used as a cell-based disease model to study disease pathogenesis, evaluate drug efficacy, and screen compounds for drug development.
Topics: 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; Cell Line; Enzyme Replacement Therapy; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; Iduronate Sulfatase; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells; Lipid Metabolism; Models, Neurological; Mucopolysaccharidosis II; Neural Stem Cells; Phenotype; Recombinant Proteins; Tocopherols
PubMed: 34990619
DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.113007 -
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu = Journal of Hygiene... Mar 2023To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of vitamins A, D and E in dishes by two-dimensional liquid chromatography.
OBJECTIVE
To establish a method for the simultaneous determination of vitamins A, D and E in dishes by two-dimensional liquid chromatography.
METHODS
The samples were saponified and extracted with a mixture of ethyl acetate and n-hexane(3∶2, V/V)under the protection of antioxidants, and determined by two-dimensional liquid chromatography. The baseline separation of retinol, α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, and α-tocotrienols was achieved by using Alphasil pentafluorophenyl column(PFP, 150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) as the one-dimensional column, and using water and methanol as mobile phases for gradient elution under the fluorescence detector. The separation detection of ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol from other impurities was achieved on the UV detector by Alphasil VC-C_(18) column(150 mm×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) as the two-dimensional column.
RESULTS
The baseline separation detection of retinol, ergocalciferol, cholecalciferol and five tocopherols was achieved. The compounds were linearly correlated within the set range, and the correlation coefficients were >0.999. The recovery rate of the method was between 85.4% and 106.4%. The detection limit of all-trans retinol was 0.7 μg/100 g, and the limit of quantitation was 2.4 μg/100 g. The limits of detection and quantification of tocopherols ranged from 1.1 to 2.5 μg/100 g and 3.6 to 8.3 μg/100 g. The detection limit of ergocalciferol and cholecalciferol was 0.3 μg/100 g, and the limit of quantification was 1.0 μg/100 g. In the end, finished dishes such as dry fried hairtail, braised mushroom, steamed egg with soy sauce, sweet and sour ribs were repeatedly measured by this method for six times, and the relative standard deviation was less than 10%.
CONCLUSION
The method has the characteristics of simple operation, good repeatability, high accuracy and friendly to operators and ecological environment. It can realize the simultaneous typing detection of vitamins A, D and E in finished dishes.
Topics: Vitamin A; Vitamins; Tocopherols; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cholecalciferol; Vitamin K; Ergocalciferols
PubMed: 37062691
DOI: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2023.02.016 -
Journal of Oleo Science 2024In 2021, we published three papers related to the anti-inflammatory effects of food ingredients. The present paper reports the effects of vitamin E homologs and sweet...
In 2021, we published three papers related to the anti-inflammatory effects of food ingredients. The present paper reports the effects of vitamin E homologs and sweet basil powder. In these papers, we investigated whether inflammation occurs in the adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet for 16 weeks. Inflammatory cytokine gene expression was significantly higher in the epididymal fat of the high-fat and high-sucrose diet group than in that of the control diet group. However, the addition of α-tocopherol or δ-tocopherol to the diet could not restrain the inflammation of mice epididymal fats. Thereafter, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of α- and δ-tocopherols using the co-cultured cells. Consequently, we clarified that δ-tocopherol inhibited the increase in the gene expressions of inflammatory cytokines. We also examined the effect of sweet basil powder on a similar obese mice model. The final body weight in the high-fat and high-sucrose group that received sweet basil powder was significantly lower than that in the high-fat and high-sucrose diet group. Liver weights were also significantly lower in the high-fat and high-sucrose diet group that received sweet basil powder than in the high-fat and high-sucrose diet group, although adipose tissue weights were unchanged in both groups. Furthermore, sweet basil powder tended to inhibit in lipid synthesis in the mice livers. Therefore, we suggested that sweet basil powder inhibited fatty acid synthesis in mice livers, thereby suppressing liver enlargement, and resulting in body weight loss. Moreover, the gene expression of MCP-1 in the adipose tissue of mice fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet added with sweet basil powder was significantly lower than that of mice fed a high-fat and high-sucrose diet for 12 weeks. Therefore, sweet basil powder inhibited inflammation onset in the adipose tissue of mice. Taken together, the results suggested that food ingredients, especially vitamin E homologs and sweet basil powder, have anti-inflammatory effects on mice adipose tissue and mice adipocyte-induced inflammation.
Topics: Mice; Animals; Food Ingredients; Powders; Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Inflammation; Cytokines; Sucrose; Vitamin E; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Diet, High-Fat; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 38556276
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23221 -
Se Pu = Chinese Journal of... Dec 2022Fat-soluble vitamins are important efficacy indicators in health foods because they are essential for human physiological functions. The existing method for the...
Fat-soluble vitamins are important efficacy indicators in health foods because they are essential for human physiological functions. The existing method for the simultaneous determination of fat-soluble vitamins has various problems, such as limited determination components, complex sample, pretreatment process, and high requirements for personnel operating ability. Therefore, establishing a fast, simple, and accurate method that can detect various common fat-soluble vitamins at the same time is necessary. In this study, a method for the simultaneous determination of 10 commonly used fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin A acetate (VA acetate), vitamin A palmitate (VA palmitate), vitamin E acetate (VE acetate), vitamin K (VK), -tocopherol, -tocopherol, -tocopherol, -tocopherol, vitamin D(VD) and vitamin D (VD) in health foods was established by ultra performance convergence chromatography (UPC). First, the contents of about 1.0 g of capsule samples were accurately weighed. A grinder was used to grind tablet samples into powder. The powder mixture was then precisely weighed at 2.0 g. Both substances were placed in 50 mL brown stopper tubes. The test tube was then filled with 20 mL 75% dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) aqueous solution for demulsification. The tubes were then sonicated before being extracted with -hexane. The centrifuged supernatant was added to vials for detection. Viridis HSS C18 SB column (100 mm×3.0 mm, 1.8 μm) was applied and CO was used as the mobile phase A. After comparing the influence of acetonitrile, methanol, and their mixture on chromatographic peak separation, acetonitrile-methanol (85∶15, v/v) was used as the mobile phase B. The injection volume was 1 μL. Using simulator software, the optimal chromatographic conditions were obtained after a set of three-factor orthogonal experiments of flow rate, gradient slope, and column temperature. The flow rate and column temperature were both set at 1.9 mL/min and 30 ℃. Furthermore, the maximum absorption wavelength of these 10 fat-soluble vitamins was selected for detection. Ten vitamins were baseline separated after 7 min of gradient elution. The limits of detection (LODs) and quantification (LOQs) of capsule samples were 0.4-60 μg/g and 2-150 μg/g, respectively, whereas the results for tablet samples were 0.2-30 μg/g and 0.8-75 μg/g. The linear ranges of the 10 fat-soluble vitamins were 0.1-100 μg/mL. The recoveries of spiked samples ranged from 96.5% to 113.9%, with RSD values less than 4%. Precision, stability, and repeatability RSD values were all less than 2%. By comparison, the determination results of this method were basically consistent with the existing national food safety standards. This method is simple, rapid, sensitive, and accurate, and it can meet the detection requirements of the 10 fat-soluble vitamins in health foods. Simultaneously, this method lays the foundation for the rapid and simultaneous detection of fat-soluble vitamins in existing health foods.
Topics: Humans; Powders; Methanol; Vitamins; Chromatography; Acetonitriles; Vitamin D; Acetates
PubMed: 36450354
DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2022.02010 -
Journal of Oleo Science 2024Sacha inchi seed oil is a food matrix rich in bioactive constituents, mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this study, the characteristics of color, carotenoid...
Sacha inchi seed oil is a food matrix rich in bioactive constituents, mainly polyunsaturated fatty acids. In this study, the characteristics of color, carotenoid content, tocopherols, and volatile aroma compounds in eight sacha inchi seed (Plukenetia volubilis L.) oil accessions were evaluated. Results showed that the oil obtained from the accessions presented a lightness and chroma of 91 to 98 units and 6 to 10 units respectively, while the hue angle ranged between 93 to 97 units. The total carotenoid content in the different accessions ranged from 0.6 to 1.5 mg/kg, while γ- and δ-tocopherol ranged from 861.6 to 1142 mg/kg and 587 to 717.1 mg/kg. In addition, the total content of tocopherols varied between 1450 and 1856 mg/kg and the δ/γ ratio ranged between 0.58 and 0.70. The oils from the accessions PER000408 (861 µg/kg) and PER000411 (896 µg/kg) were those with the higher volatile concentration, especially 1-hepten-3-ol, 2-nonanol, (E)-3-hexen- 1-ol, (E)-2-hexenal, and 1-hexanol. In this study, the variability of the oil obtained from 8 accessions were observed, from which promising accessions can be selected for continuous investigations of the new sacha inchi seed genotypes.
Topics: Carotenoids; Tocopherols; Seeds; Volatile Organic Compounds; Plant Oils; Brassicaceae
PubMed: 38692890
DOI: 10.5650/jos.ess23158 -
Nutrients Apr 2022(1) Background: Mitochondria are the cells' main source of energy. Mitochondrial dysfunction represents a key hallmark of aging and is linked to the development of...
(1) Background: Mitochondria are the cells' main source of energy. Mitochondrial dysfunction represents a key hallmark of aging and is linked to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Maintaining mitochondrial function might contribute to healthy aging and the prevention of AD. The Mediterranean diet, including walnuts, seems to prevent age-related neurodegeneration. Walnuts are a rich source of α-linolenic acid (ALA), an essential n3-fatty acid and the precursor for n3-long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (n3-PUFA), which might potentially improve mitochondrial function. (2) Methods: We tested whether a lipophilic walnut extract (WE) affects mitochondrial function and other parameters in human SH-SY5Y cells transfected with the neuronal amyloid precursor protein (APP695). Walnut lipids were extracted using a Soxhlet Extraction System and analyzed using GC/MS and HPLC/FD. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentrations were quantified under basal conditions in cell culture, as well as after rotenone-induced stress. Neurite outgrowth was investigated, as well as membrane integrity, cellular reactive oxygen species, cellular peroxidase activity, and citrate synthase activity. Beta-amyloid (Aβ) was quantified using homogenous time-resolved fluorescence. (3) Results: The main constituents of WE are linoleic acid, oleic acid, α-linolenic acid, and γ- and δ-tocopherol. Basal ATP levels following rotenone treatment, as well as citrate synthase activity, were increased after WE treatment. WE significantly increased cellular reactive oxygen species but lowered peroxidase activity. Membrane integrity was not affected. Furthermore, WE treatment reduced Aβ and stimulated neurite growth. (4) Conclusions: WE might increase ATP production after induction of mitochondrial biogenesis. Decreased Aβ formation and enhanced ATP levels might enhance neurite growth, making WE a potential agent to enhance neuronal function and to prevent the development of AD. In this sense, WE could be a promising agent for the prevention of AD.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Humans; Juglans; Neurites; Peroxidases; Reactive Oxygen Species; Rotenone; alpha-Linolenic Acid
PubMed: 35565661
DOI: 10.3390/nu14091694 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2021This study aims to evaluate the influence of Vitamin A and E homologues toward acrylamide in equimolar asparagine-glucose model system. Vitamin A homologue as...
This study aims to evaluate the influence of Vitamin A and E homologues toward acrylamide in equimolar asparagine-glucose model system. Vitamin A homologue as β-carotene (BC) and five Vitamin E homologues, i.e., α-tocopherol (AT), δ-tocopherol (DT), α-tocotrienol (ATT), γ-tocotrienol (GTT), and δ-tocotrienol (DTT), were tested at different concentrations (1 and 10 µmol) and subjected to heating at 160 °C for 20 min before acrylamide quantification. At lower concentrations (1 µmol; 431, 403, 411 ppm, respectively), AT, DT, and GTT significantly increase acrylamide. Except for DT, enhancing concentration to 10 µmol (5370, 4310, 4250, 3970, and 4110 ppm, respectively) caused significant acrylamide formation. From linear regression model, acrylamide concentration demonstrated significant depreciation over concentration increase in AT (Beta = -83.0, = 0.652, ≤ 0.05) and DT (Beta = -71.6, = 0.930, ≤ 0.05). This study indicates that different Vitamin A and E homologue concentrations could determine their functionality either as antioxidants or pro-oxidants.
PubMed: 34206458
DOI: 10.3390/antiox10070993 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Mar 2021Phytosterols and tocopherols are commonly used in food and pharmaceutical industries for their health benefits. Current analysis methods rely on conventional liquid...
Phytosterols and tocopherols are commonly used in food and pharmaceutical industries for their health benefits. Current analysis methods rely on conventional liquid chromatography, using an analytical column, which can be tedious and time consuming. However, simple, and fast analytical methods can facilitate their qualitative and quantitative analysis. In this study, a fast chromatography-tandem mass spectrometric (FC-MS/MS) method was developed and validated for the quantitative analysis of phytosterols and tocopherols. Omitting chromatography by employing flow injection analysis-mass spectrometry (FIA-MS) failed in the quantification of target analytes due to analyte-to-analyte interferences from phytosterols. These interferences arise from their ambiguous MS fingerprints that would lead to false identification and inaccurate quantification. Therefore, a C18 guard column with a 1.9 µm particle size was employed for FC-MS/MS under isocratic elution using acetonitrile/methanol (99:1 /) at a flow rate of 600 µL/min. Analyte-to-analyte interferences were identified and eliminated. The false peaks could then be easily identified due to chromatographic separation. In addition, two internal standards were evaluated, namely cholestanol and deuterated cholesterol. Both internal standards contributed to the observed analyte-to-analyte interferences; however, adequate shift in the retention time for deuterated cholesterol eliminated its interferences and allowed for an accurate quantification. The method is fast (1.3 min) compared to published methods and can distinguish false peaks observed in FIA-MS. Seven analytes were quantified simultaneously, namely brassicasterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, α-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, and γ-tocopherol. The method was successfully applied in the quantitative analysis of phytosterols and tocopherols present in the unsaponifiable matter of canola oil deodorizer distillate (CODD). β-sitosterol and γ-tocopherol were the most abundant phytosterols and tocopherols, respectively.
Topics: Calibration; Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, Liquid; Phytosterols; Plants; Reproducibility of Results; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tocopherols
PubMed: 33807675
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051402 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020Olive oil is an important product in the Mediterranean diet, due to its health benefits and sensorial characteristics. is the most cultivated variety in Morocco. The...
Olive oil is an important product in the Mediterranean diet, due to its health benefits and sensorial characteristics. is the most cultivated variety in Morocco. The present research aims to evaluate the phenolic compounds, vitamin E and fatty acids of commercial virgin olive oils (VOOs) from five different North Moroccan provinces (Chefchaouen, Taounate, Errachidia, Beni Mellal and Taza), using HPLC-photodiode array (PDA)/electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS, normal phase (NP)-HPLC/ fluorescence detector (FLD) and GC-flame ionization detector (FID)/MS, respectively. The obtained results showed an average content of 130.0 mg kg of secoiridoids (oleuropein aglycone, 10-hydroxy-oleuropein aglycone and ligstroside aglycone, oleocanthal and oleacein), 108.1 mg kg of phenolic alcohols (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), 34.7 mg kg of phenolic acids (caffeic acid, ferulic acid and elenolic acid), and 8.24 mg kg of flavonoids (luteolin, luteolin glucoside, apigenin). With regard to vitamin E, α-tocopherol was the most abundant vitamin E (57.9 mg kg), followed by α-tocotrienol (2.5 mg kg), γ-tocopherol (4.5 mg kg) and β-tocopherol (1.9 mg kg), while δ-tocopherol was not detected. Moreover, 14 fatty acids were found and, among them, oleic acid (76.1%), linoleic acid (8.1%) palmitic acid (8.7%) and stearic acid (2.5%) were the major fatty acids detected. Finally, heat map and principal component analysis allowed us to classify the studied provinces in terms of VOO chemical composition: Chefchaouen (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), Taounate (oleuropein aglycone), Errachidia (ferulic acid, -3 and -6), Beni Mellal (oleocanthal) and Taza (luteolin and oleic acid).
Topics: Esters; Fatty Acids; Geography; Morocco; Olive Oil; Phenols; Principal Component Analysis; Vitamin E
PubMed: 33228191
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225428 -
Food Science and Biotechnology Dec 2019Interaction between tocopherol homologs and peppermint extract added to oil-in-water emulsions was studied during iron-catalyzed oxidation. Emulsions consisted of...
Interaction between tocopherol homologs and peppermint extract added to oil-in-water emulsions was studied during iron-catalyzed oxidation. Emulsions consisted of tocopherol-stripped soybean oil and citrate buffer (4:6, w/w) with/without addition of peppermint extract (400 mg/kg) and α-, γ-, or δ-tocopherol (600 mg/kg), and were oxidized in the iron presence at 25 °C. Lipid oxidation of emulsions was evaluated based on hydroperoxide contents and -anisidine values. Lipid oxidative stability of emulsions was improved by added peppermint extract, and co-added γ- and δ-tocopherols further reduced lipid oxidation, however, α-tocopherol increased it. Tocopherol contents did not change during oxidation. Polyphenol degradation in the emulsion with added peppermint extract was lower and slower by γ- and δ-tocopherols, however, α-tocopherol showed opposite results. The results suggest that co-addition of tocopherols to the emulsion containing peppermint extract shift a major role of polyphenols as antioxidants from scavenging lipid (peroxy) radicals to tocopherol radical scavenging.
PubMed: 31807340
DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00613-9