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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Nov 2020Olive oil is an important product in the Mediterranean diet, due to its health benefits and sensorial characteristics. is the most cultivated variety in Morocco. The...
Olive oil is an important product in the Mediterranean diet, due to its health benefits and sensorial characteristics. is the most cultivated variety in Morocco. The present research aims to evaluate the phenolic compounds, vitamin E and fatty acids of commercial virgin olive oils (VOOs) from five different North Moroccan provinces (Chefchaouen, Taounate, Errachidia, Beni Mellal and Taza), using HPLC-photodiode array (PDA)/electrospray ionization (ESI)-MS, normal phase (NP)-HPLC/ fluorescence detector (FLD) and GC-flame ionization detector (FID)/MS, respectively. The obtained results showed an average content of 130.0 mg kg of secoiridoids (oleuropein aglycone, 10-hydroxy-oleuropein aglycone and ligstroside aglycone, oleocanthal and oleacein), 108.1 mg kg of phenolic alcohols (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), 34.7 mg kg of phenolic acids (caffeic acid, ferulic acid and elenolic acid), and 8.24 mg kg of flavonoids (luteolin, luteolin glucoside, apigenin). With regard to vitamin E, α-tocopherol was the most abundant vitamin E (57.9 mg kg), followed by α-tocotrienol (2.5 mg kg), γ-tocopherol (4.5 mg kg) and β-tocopherol (1.9 mg kg), while δ-tocopherol was not detected. Moreover, 14 fatty acids were found and, among them, oleic acid (76.1%), linoleic acid (8.1%) palmitic acid (8.7%) and stearic acid (2.5%) were the major fatty acids detected. Finally, heat map and principal component analysis allowed us to classify the studied provinces in terms of VOO chemical composition: Chefchaouen (tyrosol and hydroxytyrosol), Taounate (oleuropein aglycone), Errachidia (ferulic acid, -3 and -6), Beni Mellal (oleocanthal) and Taza (luteolin and oleic acid).
Topics: Esters; Fatty Acids; Geography; Morocco; Olive Oil; Phenols; Principal Component Analysis; Vitamin E
PubMed: 33228191
DOI: 10.3390/molecules25225428 -
Food Science and Biotechnology Dec 2019Interaction between tocopherol homologs and peppermint extract added to oil-in-water emulsions was studied during iron-catalyzed oxidation. Emulsions consisted of...
Interaction between tocopherol homologs and peppermint extract added to oil-in-water emulsions was studied during iron-catalyzed oxidation. Emulsions consisted of tocopherol-stripped soybean oil and citrate buffer (4:6, w/w) with/without addition of peppermint extract (400 mg/kg) and α-, γ-, or δ-tocopherol (600 mg/kg), and were oxidized in the iron presence at 25 °C. Lipid oxidation of emulsions was evaluated based on hydroperoxide contents and -anisidine values. Lipid oxidative stability of emulsions was improved by added peppermint extract, and co-added γ- and δ-tocopherols further reduced lipid oxidation, however, α-tocopherol increased it. Tocopherol contents did not change during oxidation. Polyphenol degradation in the emulsion with added peppermint extract was lower and slower by γ- and δ-tocopherols, however, α-tocopherol showed opposite results. The results suggest that co-addition of tocopherols to the emulsion containing peppermint extract shift a major role of polyphenols as antioxidants from scavenging lipid (peroxy) radicals to tocopherol radical scavenging.
PubMed: 31807340
DOI: 10.1007/s10068-019-00613-9 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2022Two novel microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methods were developed for the isolation of phenols and tocopherols from pistachio nuts. The extracts were analyzed by...
Microwave-Assisted Extraction Coupled to HPLC-UV Combined with Chemometrics for the Determination of Bioactive Compounds in Pistachio Nuts and the Guarantee of Quality and Authenticity.
Two novel microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) methods were developed for the isolation of phenols and tocopherols from pistachio nuts. The extracts were analyzed by reversed-phase high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with a UV detector (RP-HPLC-UV). In total, eighteen pistachio samples, originating from Greece and Turkey, were analyzed and thirteen phenolic compounds, as well as α-tocopherol, (β + γ)-tocopherol, and δ-tocopherol, were identified. The analytical methods were validated and presented good linearity (r > 0.990) and a high recovery rate over the range of 82.4 to 95.3% for phenols, and 93.1 to 96.4% for tocopherols. Repeatablility was calculated over the range 1.8-5.8%RSD for intra-day experiments, and reproducibility over the range 3.2-9.4%RSD for inter-day experiments, respectively. Principal component analysis (PCA) was employed to analyze the differences between the concentrations of the bioactive compounds with respect to geographical origin, while agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) was used to cluster the samples based on their similarity and according to the geographical origin.
Topics: Chemical Fractionation; Chemometrics; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cluster Analysis; Greece; Microwaves; Nuts; Phenols; Phytochemicals; Pistacia; Tocopherols; Turkey
PubMed: 35209222
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041435 -
Wei Sheng Yan Jiu = Journal of Hygiene... Mar 2021To establish a method for the determination of vitamin A(retinol) and four active forms of vitamin E(α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol) in...
OBJECTIVE
To establish a method for the determination of vitamin A(retinol) and four active forms of vitamin E(α-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol and δ-tocopherol) in human serum by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem triple quadrupole mass spectrometry(UPLC-MS/MS).
METHODS
The sample was deproteinized by methanol, then extracted by n-hexane, dryness under nitrogen and followed by a reconstitution with methanol. The analysis was performed on a C_(30) column(3 mm×150 mm, 2. 6 μm), and isometric elution using 0. 1% formic acid in methanol and 5 mmol/L ammonium formate in 0. 1% formic acid as the mobile phase. The samples were determined by mass spectrometry in the positive ion mode with the multiple reaction monitoring mode, quantified by the internal standard method.
RESULTS
Vitamin A and four active forms of vitamin E were separated within 42 minutes, and β-tocopherol and γ-tocopherol can be distinguished. The linear was good for retinol in the range of 0. 0050-2. 5 μg/mL, 0. 036-20 μg/mL for α-tocopherol, 0. 042-8. 0 μg/mL for β-tocopherol and 0. 020-10 μg/mL for the other tocopherols. The limits of detection for retinol and tocopherols were in the range of 5. 76-31. 6 ng/mL. Recoveries of retinol and tocopherols at different levels were in range of 84. 4%-118. 6%, with the relative standard deviations were 1. 22%-8. 50%(n=6).
CONCLUSION
This method is fast, accurate and sensitive and the preprocessing is simple, which can be used for determination of vitamin A and four active forms of vitamin E in human serum effectively.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Humans; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Vitamin A; Vitamin E
PubMed: 33985641
DOI: 10.19813/j.cnki.weishengyanjiu.2021.02.023 -
Food Chemistry Apr 2023Extended, chemically detailed kinetic models at the molecular basis are constructed to identify the reactions involved in the reversal of the antioxidant action of α-,...
Extended, chemically detailed kinetic models at the molecular basis are constructed to identify the reactions involved in the reversal of the antioxidant action of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherols during methyl linoleate oxidation. The reaction mechanisms were numerically simulated and subjected to analysis to quantify the significance of individual chemical steps by the value-based method. Results of the obtained kinetic models agreed well with the experimental data. The significant individual reactions contributing to the observed antioxidant and pro-oxidant behavior of the different tocopherols were identified. It is revealed that the reverse order of antioxidant potency and a complex nonlinear dependency of the antioxidant potency of tocopherols with the increase in their concentration are due to the increasing contribution of pro-oxidant relative to the antioxidant reactions. Once the approach presented here can be applied to more complex systems, engineered optimization of antioxidant protection strategies may be reached.
Topics: Antioxidants; Reactive Oxygen Species; Tocopherols
PubMed: 36462359
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134866 -
Food Research International (Ottawa,... Mar 2023Chemical constituents and bioactive properties of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel were characterized and heat-/ultrasound-assisted extractions (HAE/UAE) of...
Chemical constituents and bioactive properties of rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) peel were characterized and heat-/ultrasound-assisted extractions (HAE/UAE) of anthocyanins were optimized by response surface methodology. Five organic acids, the α-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol isoforms, and twenty-five fatty acids (36.8 % oleic acid) were identified, as well as a phenolic profile composed of ellagitannin derivatives, geraniin isomers, ellagic acid, and delphinidin-O derivatives. The extract showed antioxidant activity via lipid peroxidation (IC = 2.79 ± 0.03 µg/mL) and oxidative hemolysis (IC = 72 ± 2 µg/mL) inhibition, and displayed antibacterial and antifungal properties (MIC ≤ 1 mg/mL). On the other hand, no cytotoxicity was observed in tumor and non-tumor cell lines up to 400 µg/mL. The recovery of anthocyanins was more effective using HAE than UAE, allowing greater yields (16.2 mg/g extract) in just 3 min and using lower ethanol proportions. Overall, rambutan peel could be upcycled into bioactive ingredients and natural colorants for industrial applications.
Topics: Anthocyanins; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Ellagic Acid; Ethanol
PubMed: 36869553
DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112574 -
Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2020In this study, we investigated the formation of stable radicals and compounds related to antioxidants in seeds using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and...
In this study, we investigated the formation of stable radicals and compounds related to antioxidants in seeds using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and X-band electron paramagnetic resonance imaging (EPRI). The seed coat extracts exhibited antioxidant activity in both in vitro and cell-based studies. The extracts inhibited reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen species production in cell-based studies. HPLC chromatograms indicated that hydrophilic antioxidant compounds-namely, gallic acid, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, caffeine, catechin, epicatechin, and epicatechin gallate-were found in the methanolic extract. Lipophilic antioxidant compounds-including α-tocopherol, γ-tocopherol, β-tocopherol, δ-tocopherol, α-tocotrienol, γ-tocotrienol, and δ-tocotrienol-were found in the hexane extract. EPRI primarily detected paramagnetic species in seed coats. These radical species were stable organic radicals based on the peak-to-peak line width and -values. The signals from these stable radicals were strong and stable with a -value of 2.002. Noninvasive EPRI of the radicals present in seeds indicated that the stable radicals were essentially located in the seed coats. The EPRI of the cotyledon demonstrated that additional radicals were localized at an apex of the cotyledon. The results indicated that the stable radicals detected by EPRI and the hydrophilic and lipophilic antioxidant compounds analyzed by HPLC were related to antioxidant reactants and products.
PubMed: 32516915
DOI: 10.3390/antiox9060493 -
Animals : An Open Access Journal From... May 2023This study analyzed the chemical composition and the β-carotene, tocopherol and retinol content of meat (, ) from young rams fed different silage-based diets. The...
This study analyzed the chemical composition and the β-carotene, tocopherol and retinol content of meat (, ) from young rams fed different silage-based diets. The animals were divided into four groups depending on the type of silage in the feed ration (hybrid ryegrass, cv. Becva, cv. Felopa, cv. Paulita). The concentrations of the examined lipophilic compounds were measured via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Animals fed a diet based on ryegrass silage had the highest intakes of α-, β-, γ- and δ-tocopherol and total tocopherols ( < 0.01). Muscles of rams fed silage-based diets contained more tocopherols ( < 0.01) and retinol ( < 0.01 in ; = 0.053 in ) than the meat of animals receiving hybrid ryegrass-based diets. The highest amounts of tocopherols ( < 0.01) and retinol ( < 0.01 in ; = 0.053 in ) were found in meat from rams fed rations based on silage made from cvs. Felopa and Paulita. The analysis revealed a positive correlation between the intake of tocopherols and the α-tocopherol content of meat (r = 0.99), as well as between the β-carotene intake and the retinol content of meat (r = 0.92 in ; r = 0.91 in ).
PubMed: 37889746
DOI: 10.3390/ani13111817 -
Cancer Cell International 2019Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol (VEDT), a vitamin E compound isolated from sources such as palm fruit and annatto beans, has been reported to have cancer chemopreventive and...
BACKGROUND
Vitamin E δ-tocotrienol (VEDT), a vitamin E compound isolated from sources such as palm fruit and annatto beans, has been reported to have cancer chemopreventive and therapeutic effects.
METHODS
We report a novel function of VEDT in augmenting tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand- (TRAIL-) induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells. The effects of VEDT were shown by its ability to trigger caspase-8-dependent apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells.
RESULTS
When combined with TRAIL, VEDT significantly augmented TRAIL-induced apoptosis of pancreatic cancer cells. VEDT decreased cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) levels without consistently modulating the expression of decoy death receptors 1, 2, 3 or death receptors 4 and 5. Enforced expression of c-FLIP substantially attenuated VEDT/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Thus, c-FLIP reduction plays an important part in mediating VEDT/TRAIL-induced apoptosis. Moreover, VEDT increased c-FLIP ubiquitination and degradation but did not affect its transcription, suggesting that VEDT decreases c-FLIP levels through promoting its degradation. Of note, degradation of c-FLIP and enhanced TRAIL-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer cells were observed only with the anticancer bioactive vitamin E compounds δ-, γ-, and β-tocotrienol but not with the anticancer inactive vitamin E compounds α-tocotrienol and α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherol.
CONCLUSIONS
c-FLIP degradation is a key event for death receptor-induced apoptosis by anticancer bioactive vitamin E compounds in pancreatic cancer cells. Moreover, VEDT augmented TRAIL inhibition of pancreatic tumor growth and induction of apoptosis in vivo. Combination therapy with TRAIL agonists and bioactive vitamin E compounds may offer a novel strategy for pancreatic cancer intervention.
PubMed: 31367187
DOI: 10.1186/s12935-019-0876-0 -
Journal of Chromatography. A Sep 2023It is well-known that an ideal extraction method enabling quantitative analysis should give complete extraction of the target analytes as well as minimal co-extraction...
It is well-known that an ideal extraction method enabling quantitative analysis should give complete extraction of the target analytes as well as minimal co-extraction of unwanted matrix substances. If the extraction method is part of a nontarget screening protocol, the desired analytes can differ widely in terms of chemical properties. In chromatography, terminologies such as recovery, selectivity, and comprehensiveness are well-established and can easily be determined. However, in extraction, these concepts are much less developed. Hence, the aim of our research is to develop and scrutinize theory in extraction with respect to numerical descriptors for extractability, selectivity, and comprehensiveness. Our approach is based on experiments determining the extractability of target analytes and selected interferences. As a case study, we use a pooled sample of three species of seaweed (Alaria esculenta, Laminaria digitata and Ascophyllum nodosum). Target analytes are β-carotene, fucoxanthin, δ-tocopherol, and phloroglucinol; and selected interferences are carbohydrates, proteins, ash, arsenic, and chlorophyll a. As a "green and clean" extraction technique, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) using mixtures of CO, ethanol and water were explored using a design of experiment. The temperature was varied between 40-80°C, and the pressure was held constant at 300 bar. Obtained results clearly demonstrate that highest relative selectivity was achieved with CO containing only 5 vol% of ethanol and no water, which primarily enabled high extractability of β-carotene, and yielding an extract free of carbohydrates, proteins, and toxic metals such as arsenic. Best methods for highest extractability of the other target analytes varied quite widely. Analytes requiring the highest water content (fucoxanthin and phloroglucinol), also resulted in the lowest relative selectivity. Maximum relative comprehensiveness was achieved using CO/ethanol/water (40/55/5, v/v/v) at 70°C and 300 bar. Our study demonstrates the feasibility of using relative quantitative descriptors for extractability, selectivity, and comprehensiveness, in optimization strategies for analytical extractions.
Topics: Ethanol; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid; Carbon Dioxide; beta Carotene; Seaweed; Arsenic; Chlorophyll A; Carbohydrates
PubMed: 37572535
DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2023.464267