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The American Journal of Hospice &... Jan 2022
Topics: Delusions; Ethics, Medical; Humans; Personal Autonomy
PubMed: 33792410
DOI: 10.1177/10499091211004492 -
Scientific Reports Apr 2024Hallucinations and delusions can be symptoms of psychiatric illness, but more often—though less commonly known—are actually part of a healthy range of experiences...
Hallucinations and delusions can be symptoms of psychiatric illness, but more often—though less commonly known—are actually part of a healthy range of experiences found throughout the general population. The studies in this Special Collection paint a picture of the wide range of hallucinatory and delusional experiences across diverse populations, as well as comparative perspectives between clinical and non-clinical samples. In this editorial, I make three related points that are exemplified in the articles published here. First, that hallucinations and delusions are part of a normal distribution of human diversity; their mere presence does not indicate psychosis or psychiatric illness. Second, that the ubiquity of hallucinatory and delusional experiences across clinical and non-clinical populations suggests common cognitive and neural mechanisms. Finally, despite these commonalities, it is important to understand the difference between psychiatric symptoms and healthy experience. In summary, I conclude that it is important to investigate both common mechanisms and distinguishing factors to comprehensively elucidate these oft-misunderstood experiences. This Special Collection provides a showcase of the cutting-edge research that encompasses these objectives.
Topics: Humans; Delusions; Hallucinations; Psychotic Disorders; Forecasting
PubMed: 38600126
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57472-6 -
Schizophrenia Bulletin Jul 2021
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Delusions; Humans; Male; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology
PubMed: 33479761
DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbaa189 -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde Apr 2022Delusional misidentification syndrome is a less common neuropsychiatric symptom and can occur in different diseases as dementia and psychiatric diseases or as part of a...
Delusional misidentification syndrome is a less common neuropsychiatric symptom and can occur in different diseases as dementia and psychiatric diseases or as part of a somatic disease. It can be difficult to recognise and can give a high burden for the formal caregiver. In this article we describe three cases, the pathophysiology and the possible treatment of a delusional misidentification syndrome.
Topics: Capgras Syndrome; Delusions; Humans
PubMed: 35499674
DOI: No ID Found -
BMC Neurology Mar 2024Neuropsychiatric symptoms and delusions are highly prevalent among people with dementia. However, multiple roots of neurobiological bases and shared neural basis of...
BACKGROUND
Neuropsychiatric symptoms and delusions are highly prevalent among people with dementia. However, multiple roots of neurobiological bases and shared neural basis of delusion and cognitive function remain to be characterized. By utilizing a fine-grained multivariable approach, we investigated distinct neuroanatomical correlates of delusion symptoms across a large population of dementing illnesses.
METHODS
In this study, 750 older adults with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease completed brain structural imaging and neuropsychological assessment. We utilized principal component analysis followed by varimax rotation to identify the distinct multivariate correlates of cortical thinning patterns. Five of the cognitive domains were assessed whether the general cognitive abilities mediate the association between cortical thickness and delusion.
RESULTS
The result showed that distributed thickness patterns of temporal and ventral insular cortex (component 2), inferior and lateral prefrontal cortex (component 1), and somatosensory-visual cortex (component 5) showed negative correlations with delusions. Subsequent mediation analysis showed that component 1 and 2, which comprises inferior frontal, anterior insula, and superior temporal regional thickness accounted for delusion largely through lower cognitive functions. Specifically, executive control function assessed with the Trail Making Test mediated the relationship between two cortical thickness patterns and delusions.
DISCUSSION
Our findings suggest that multiple distinct subsets of brain regions underlie the delusions among older adults with cognitive impairment. Moreover, a neural loss may affect the occurrence of delusion in dementia largely due to impaired general cognitive abilities.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Alzheimer Disease; Delusions; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cognition; Brain
PubMed: 38448803
DOI: 10.1186/s12883-024-03568-5 -
Zhurnal Nevrologii I Psikhiatrii Imeni... 2021To define psychopathological and phenomenological characteristics of the apocalyptic variant of end-world delusion with religious content (EWDRC) in schizophrenia, to...
OBJECTIVE
To define psychopathological and phenomenological characteristics of the apocalyptic variant of end-world delusion with religious content (EWDRC) in schizophrenia, to identify features of clinical dynamics of delusional disorders and their interaction with delusional behavior of patients.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A total of 28 patients with schizophrenia (F20.01, F20.02 according to ICD-10) and EWDRC were examined. Clinical-psychopathological and follow-up methods were used.
RESULTS
The development of the end-world delusional ideas occurred in unstructured affective-delusional disorder with acute sensual delusion. Two types of EWDRC were differentiated: with predominance of perception delusion or picturesque delusion. These types differed by acuity and massiveness of psychotic symptomatology, the mono- or polythematic character of delusional disorders, affect type, as well as by the duration and intensity of the development of delusional stages, and in their phenomenological specifics.
CONCLUSION
Delusional ideas of the end of the world in schizophrenic patients develop in the structure of the syndrome of acute sensory delusions with a predominance of delusions of perception (type I) or visual-figurative delusions of the imagination (type II), which have different duration, degree of dominance and depth of psychopathological disorders.
Topics: Delusions; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Psychopathology; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 34693683
DOI: 10.17116/jnevro20211210917 -
Journal of the Neurological Sciences Dec 2020Cannabis use is on the rise both as medical treatment and recreational use. There is evidence that cannabis can cause hallucinations and psychosis especially with heavy... (Review)
Review
Cannabis use is on the rise both as medical treatment and recreational use. There is evidence that cannabis can cause hallucinations and psychosis especially with heavy and prolonged use. Parkinson's disease (PD) carries an increased risk for development of hallucinations and psychosis. It is possible that cannabis may exacerbate this risk and result in earlier and greater amounts of hallucinations and psychosis in this vulnerable population. A literature review was performed to determine the answer to that question. Two articles were found which listed the incidence of hallucinations and delusions during the use of cannabis in PD patients. 21.3% or 10 out of 47 patients reported development of hallucinations while treated with cannabis and 2.8% developed delusions. While these numbers are within the range of prevalence of hallucinations and psychosis in PD, the number of studies and patients evaluated are too small to make any definite conclusions pointing to the need for more research in this area.
Topics: Cannabis; Delusions; Hallucinations; Humans; Parkinson Disease; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 33161300
DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2020.117206 -
Early Intervention in Psychiatry Dec 2022Thinking biases are posited to be involved in the genesis and maintenance of delusions. Persecutory delusions are one of the most commonly occurring delusional subtypes... (Review)
Review
AIM
Thinking biases are posited to be involved in the genesis and maintenance of delusions. Persecutory delusions are one of the most commonly occurring delusional subtypes and cause substantial distress and disability to the individuals experiencing them. Their clinical relevance confers a rationale for investigating them. Particularly, this review aims to elucidate which cognitive biases are involved in their development and persistence.
METHODS
MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO and Global Health were searched from the year 2000 to June 2020. A formal narrative synthesis was employed to report the findings and a quality assessment of included studies was conducted.
RESULTS
Twenty five studies were included. Overall, 18 thinking biases were identified. Hostility and trustworthiness judgement biases appeared to be specific to persecutory delusions while jumping to conclusions, self-serving attributional biases and belief inflexibility were proposed to be more closely related to other delusional subtypes. While the majority of the biases identified were suggested to be involved in delusion maintenance, hostility biases, need for closure and personalizing attributional biases were believed to also have aetiological influences.
CONCLUSIONS
These findings show that some cognitive biases are specific to paranoid psychosis and appear to be involved in the formation and/or persistence of persecutory delusions.
Topics: Humans; Delusions; Paranoid Disorders; Bias; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 35396904
DOI: 10.1111/eip.13292 -
BMJ Case Reports Apr 2021This is a case report of a middle-aged man with no psychiatric history who presented with severe anxiety and psychotic symptoms from COVID-19. Following his discharge...
This is a case report of a middle-aged man with no psychiatric history who presented with severe anxiety and psychotic symptoms from COVID-19. Following his discharge from intensive care unit, he was unable to sleep, was increasingly agitated and was observed hitting his head off the walls, causing haematomas. He remained highly anxious and developed paranoid delusions and auditory and tactile hallucinations, needing admission to a psychiatric ward. Treatment with antipsychotic medication gradually improved his symptoms in a few weeks. This case report highlights the new onset of psychosis due to COVID-19 infection. It demonstrates the importance of early identification and treatment of neuropsychiatric complications within an acute hospital setting. Furthermore, there is a need for research in this area to help in the prevention and treatment of such psychiatric complications due to COVID-19.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; COVID-19; Delusions; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Psychotic Disorders; SARS-CoV-2; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 33906867
DOI: 10.1136/bcr-2021-242538 -
Cognitive Neuropsychiatry Jan 2024Koro is a delusion whereby a man believes his penis is shrinking into his abdomen and this may result in his death. This socially-transmitted non-neuropsychological...
INTRODUCTION
Koro is a delusion whereby a man believes his penis is shrinking into his abdomen and this may result in his death. This socially-transmitted non-neuropsychological delusional belief occurs (in epidemic form) in South-East and South Asia. We investigated whether the two-factor theory of delusion could be applied to epidemic Koro.
METHODS
We scrutinised the literature on epidemic Koro to isolate features relevant to the two questions that must be answered to provide a two-factor account: What could initially prompt the Koro delusional hypothesis? Why is this hypothesis adopted as a belief?
RESULTS
We concluded that the Koro hypothesis is usually prompted by the surprising observation of actual penis shrinkage-but only if the man has access to background beliefs about Koro. Whether the hypothesis is then adopted as a belief will depend on individual factors such as prior belief in the Koro concept or limited formal education and sociocultural factors such as deference to culture, to media, or to rumours spread by word of mouth. Social transmission can influence how the first factor works and how the second factor works.
CONCLUSION
The two-factor theory of delusion can be applied to a socially-transmitted delusion that occurs in epidemic form.
Topics: Male; Humans; Koro; Delusions
PubMed: 38348821
DOI: 10.1080/13546805.2024.2313474