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Jumping to conclusions in the less-delusion-prone? Further evidence from a more reliable beads task.Consciousness and Cognition Aug 2020A single meta-analysis has found that healthy people with higher delusion-proneness tend to gather less information (i.e., make fewer draws to decision, or DTD) on the...
BACKGROUND
A single meta-analysis has found that healthy people with higher delusion-proneness tend to gather less information (i.e., make fewer draws to decision, or DTD) on the beads task, although the findings of contributing studies were mixed, and the pooled effect size was small. However, using a new and more reliable "distractor sequences" beads task, we recently found a positive relationship between delusion-proneness and DTD in a healthy sample. In the current study, we re-tested this relationship in a new sample, and tested the possibility that the relationship is driven by participant's ability to understand and use odds or likelihood information ("odds literacy").
METHODS
Healthy participants (N = 167) completed the distractor sequences beads task, the Peters Delusions Inventory (PDI) which measures delusion-proneness, a measure of odds literacy, and the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress scale.
RESULTS
PDI and DTD were positively correlated, and comparing PDI quartiles on DTD confirmed a statistically significant trend of increasing DTD with PDI quartile. Odds literacy was positively rather than negatively associated with both DTD and PDI. Anxiety was positively correlated with PDI and DTD.
CONCLUSIONS
We replicated our earlier finding that DTD and delusion-proneness were positively related in a non-clinical sample, but found that increased odds-literacy did not drive lower PDI and DTD, and hence did not explain their covariance. It is possible however that anxiety and co-occurring risk aversion drive increased delusion-proneness and information-gathering, potentially accounting for the positive relationship between PDI and DTD.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Decision Making; Delusions; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Young Adult
PubMed: 32502909
DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2020.102956 -
Canadian Journal of Physiology and... Jun 2021The hydrogen ion concentration ([H]) in intracellular cytoplasmic fluid (ICF) must be maintained in a narrow range in all species for normal protein functions. Thus,...
The hydrogen ion concentration ([H]) in intracellular cytoplasmic fluid (ICF) must be maintained in a narrow range in all species for normal protein functions. Thus, mechanisms regulating ICF are of fundamental biological importance. Studies on the regulation of ICF [H] have been hampered by use of pH notation, failure to consider the roles played by differences in the concentration of strong ions (strong ion difference, SID), the conservation of mass, the principle of electrical neutrality, and that [H] and bicarbonate ions [HCO] are dependent variables. This argument is based on the late Peter Stewart's physical-chemical analysis of [H] regulation reported in this journal nearly forty years ago (Stewart. 1983. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. : 1444-1461. Doi:10.1139/y83-207). We start by outlining the principles of Stewart's analysis and then provide a general understanding of its significance for regulation of ICF [H]. The system may initially appear complex, but it becomes evident that changes in SID dominate regulation of [H]. The primary strong ions are Na, K, and Cl, and a few organic strong anions. The second independent variable, partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO), can easily be assessed. The third independent variable, the activity of intracellular weak acids ([A]), is much more complex but largely plays a modifying role. Attention to these principles will potentially provide new insights into ICF pH regulation.
Topics: Bicarbonates; Delusions; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
PubMed: 33356898
DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2020-0631 -
The Primary Care Companion For CNS... Nov 2020
Topics: Delusions; Humans; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia, Paranoid
PubMed: 33185988
DOI: 10.4088/PCC.20l02741 -
Psychiatria Danubina 2022Medication-induced psychotic disorder (MIPD) is a diagnostic term for a syndrome with symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions directly related to drug intake. The... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Medication-induced psychotic disorder (MIPD) is a diagnostic term for a syndrome with symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions directly related to drug intake. The purpose of this review is to report and comment on the current knowledge about pathomechanisms, risk factors, symptoms, and treatment of MIPD caused by selected widely used medications.
METHODS
PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched for articles on MIPD published prior to January 2021 using search terms 'psychosis' OR 'psychotic disorder' AND 'side effects' combined with certain medications group. The initial search was then narrowed to medications with more pathomechanisms than only direct dopamine-inducing activity that are widely used by clinicians of various medical specialties.
RESULTS
Steroids, antiepileptic drugs, antimalarial drugs, and antiretroviral drugs can induce psychosis with persecutory delusions and auditory hallucinations as the most frequently reported symptoms. Mood changes and anxiety may precede psychosis after steroids and antimalarials. Psychiatric history and female sex are risk factors for most of the MIPD. Treatment involves cessation of the suspected drug. Administration of atypical antipsychotic drugs may be helpful, although there is insufficient data to support this approach. The latter should be done with careful consideration of pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions.
CONCLUSIONS
MIPD is a rare condition. The appearance of psychotic symptoms during systemic treatment may be associated with administered medications, psychiatric comorbidity, or be a part of the clinical picture of a certain disorder. Furthermore, sometimes it may be challenging to distinguish MIPD from delirium. Therefore, we consider that the key to proper management of MIPD is a thorough differential diagnosis.
Topics: Anticonvulsants; Antipsychotic Agents; Delusions; Female; Hallucinations; Humans; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 35467605
DOI: 10.24869/psyd.2022.11 -
The Lancet. Psychiatry Sep 2021
Topics: Delusions; Humans; Paranoid Disorders; Psychotic Disorders
PubMed: 34358476
DOI: 10.1016/S2215-0366(21)00244-3 -
The Journal of Dermatological Treatment Dec 2022
Topics: Humans; Antipsychotic Agents; Delusions; Delusional Parasitosis
PubMed: 35984872
DOI: 10.1080/09546634.2022.2115835 -
Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik,... Oct 2023Delusional beliefs can have serious impact on peoples' everyday life. They are often associated with strong negative emotions and can complicate relationships with other...
Delusional beliefs can have serious impact on peoples' everyday life. They are often associated with strong negative emotions and can complicate relationships with other people- In severe cases, patients may even organize their everyday lives entirely around their delusional beliefs. In recent years, psychological approaches have come to be seen as an essential parts of an integrative treatment concept. This article gives an overview of the cognitive-behavioural approach to delusions.
Topics: Humans; Delusions; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Cognition
PubMed: 37793422
DOI: 10.1055/a-2106-8782 -
The Primary Care Companion For CNS... Apr 2023
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Pseudopregnancy; Transgender Persons; Delusions; Transsexualism
PubMed: 37058715
DOI: 10.4088/PCC.22cr03343 -
The New Zealand Medical Journal Sep 2022Nil.
Nil.
Topics: Delivery of Health Care; Delusions; Government Programs; Health Facilities; Humans; New Zealand
PubMed: 36049785
DOI: No ID Found -
Behavioral Sciences & the Law Apr 2021Pathological fixation - preoccupation with a person or a cause that is accompanied by deterioration in social and occupational functioning - has been found to precede...
Pathological fixation - preoccupation with a person or a cause that is accompanied by deterioration in social and occupational functioning - has been found to precede most cases of targeted violence. It is clinically observed and theorized to have three different cognitive-affective drivers: delusion, obsession, or extreme overvalued belief. Each driver is explained, and case examples are provided in the context of threat assessment. Extreme overvalued belief as a new concept is discussed in detail, both its historical provenance and its demarcation from delusions and obsessions. Threat management for each separate cognitive-affective driver is briefly summarized, based upon current clinical findings and research. Emphasis is placed upon understanding both the categorical and dimensional nature (intensity) of these cognitive-affective drivers, and suggested guidelines are offered for the assessment of such in a clinical examination by a forensic psychiatrist or psychologist.
Topics: Cognition; Delusions; Humans; Psychiatry; Violence
PubMed: 33078434
DOI: 10.1002/bsl.2486