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International Review of Psychiatry... 2020Capgras and Fregoli syndromes are two psychotic and complex conditions also known as Delusional Misidentification Syndromes (DMSs). Their description dates back to the... (Review)
Review
Capgras and Fregoli syndromes are two psychotic and complex conditions also known as Delusional Misidentification Syndromes (DMSs). Their description dates back to the beginning of XX century, and many explanatory models have been formulated through myths, psychoanalytical and psychological hypotheses, as well as neurobiological proposals. Even if DMSs are not fully considered in the modern diagnostic manuals, they still remain intriguing phenomena to be clinically observed and explained. Also, the employment of psychotropics and physical techniques in the treatment of such conditions is not supported by robust evidences and this may encourage further studies. We conclude that it would be of great interest to brush up the neglected MDSs in order to improve our knowledge on the underlying mechanisms of delusion and brain functioning.
Topics: Capgras Syndrome; Delusions; Humans; Neurobiology
PubMed: 32378427
DOI: 10.1080/09540261.2020.1756625 -
Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ Apr 2022Psychiatric morbidity is frequent among outpatients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) attending gastroenterology clinics. The lifetime prevalence of major depressive...
Psychiatric morbidity is frequent among outpatients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) attending gastroenterology clinics. The lifetime prevalence of major depressive and anxiety disorders in IBS patients are up to 76% and 54% respectively. The point prevalence of Major depressive disorder and Anxiety disorders in IBS patients are ranged 9.6 to 54% and from 11.1 to 52.4% respectively. IBS is not usually life-threatening but it has a significant impact on quality of life. So, screening for psychiatric disorders in IBS patients attending Gastroenterology clinics is worthwhile. The objective of this study was to evaluate psychiatric morbidity among the patients with IBS. This cross sectional comparative study was conducted in the Department of Psychiatry, Sylhet MAG Osmani Medical College Hospital, Sylhet, Bangladesh during the period from January 2012 to June 2012. Inclusion criteria were patients of irritable bowel syndrome fulfilling the Rome-III criteria, age between 18 to 60 years irrespective of sex. Patients with any red flag sign, serious cognitive impairment such as dementia, schizophrenia, mania, delusional disorder, prior history of abdominal surgery and other chronic diseases were excluded. One hundred and ten patients with IBS were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and categorized as IBS group. Another 110 age and sex matched subjects were selected as control group. The mean±SD age of the patients was 34.3±12.2 years which was almost identical to control group (p=0.820). Most of the patients (66.4%) were below the age of 40 years. There were 64 (58.2%) male and 46 (41.8%) female which was similar to control group (p=0.643). Psychiatric co-morbidity was most frequent in IBS patients (56.4%) as compared to control group (16.4%) p value <0.001. The most common psychiatric disorders were Anxiety disorders (22.7%), followed by major depressive disorder (19.1%) and somatization disorder (14.5%). The results of this study suggest that a significant number of patients with IBS suffer from psychiatric disorders than control, which are similar to the IBS group in age and gender.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Bangladesh; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depressive Disorder, Major; Female; Humans; Irritable Bowel Syndrome; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 35383767
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Dermatology May 2020Delusional infestation (DI) is a disorder in which patients express a firm, unwavering belief that they are infested with some type of organism but otherwise have a... (Review)
Review
Delusional infestation (DI) is a disorder in which patients express a firm, unwavering belief that they are infested with some type of organism but otherwise have a typical grasp on reality with relatively normal cognitive functioning. Although classified as a somatic delusional disorder, DI requires special consideration due to its complicated clinical presentation, requiring attention to several possible explanations for the symptoms the patients describe. The purpose of the current review is to first summarize the clinical background and features of the diagnosis then explore treatment options. DI is a rare disorder though has reported cases dating back to the 19th century and spanning across the globe. Patients often experience the disorder as secondary to a medical condition, including substance use/withdrawal. However, there have also been many reported cases of primary DI, occurring in the absence of any other psychiatric or medical disorder. Clinically, DI is a diagnosis of exclusion, where the physician must rule out other medical conditions, including genuine dermatological disorders or infestations, or contributions from medications or substances. Patients with the disorder more commonly present to nonpsychiatric healthcare providers, making it essential for all clinicians to be able to identify the disease. Treatment can include either first or second generation antipsychotics, but it is important to proceed tactfully in discourse with the patient, being careful to address patients in a straightforward manner without reinforcing or questioning the delusion and focusing conversation on what can be done for the symptoms. Future research can continue to evaluate pathophysiology underlying primary DI, which historically has been an under-studied topic.
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Delusions; Diagnosis, Differential; Ectoparasitic Infestations; Humans; Physician-Patient Relations; Rare Diseases
PubMed: 31773724
DOI: 10.1111/ijd.14709 -
Journal of Neurosciences in Rural... Apr 2021Pseudocyesis or false belief of pregnancy is the emergence of classical manifestations of pregnancy-nausea, breast enlargement and pigmentation, abdominal distention,...
Pseudocyesis or false belief of pregnancy is the emergence of classical manifestations of pregnancy-nausea, breast enlargement and pigmentation, abdominal distention, amenorrhea, and labor pains-in a nonpregnant woman. It is a multifactorial disease and its development is influenced by many different elements such as neuroendocrine, social, psychodynamic, and cultural issues. "Folie-à-deux," is shared psychotic disorder, describes a syndrome in which delusion is transferred to another person who is more susceptible. Both individuals are closely related or know each other for a long time and typically live together in relative social isolation. In its commonest form, the individual who first develops the delusion (the primary case) is often chronically ill and typically is the dominant member in a close relationship with a more suggestible person (the secondary case) who also develops the delusion. Treatment options should also be kept in mind as antipsychotics themselves can increase prolactin levels and can lead to amenorrhoea and galactorrhea and can further strengthen patient's belief about her pregnancy. This case highlights that the most important therapeutic step in the treatment of folie-à-deux is separation of the inducer and the induced. Here we describe a case of folie-à-deux of a married couple in which the female had delusional pregnancy while the husband shared and supported her delusion against substantial medical evidence.
PubMed: 33927534
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1726615 -
Industrial Psychiatry Journal Nov 2023Delusional parasitosis (DP) is an infrequent psychotic illness, where the patient has a false but firm belief that his body is infested with parasites. It can be primary...
Delusional parasitosis (DP) is an infrequent psychotic illness, where the patient has a false but firm belief that his body is infested with parasites. It can be primary or secondary. Usually, these patients consult nonpsychiatric specialties from where they are referred to psychiatry. The presentation of DP varies among patients, although it typically manifests as a crawling and pinpricking sensation. Hallucinations are commonly seen. Antipsychotics show good remission of symptoms. A series of seven cases of DP have been described, and the condition is briefly discussed.
PubMed: 38370972
DOI: 10.4103/ipj.ipj_240_23 -
Applied Neuropsychology. Adult 2019Acquired brain pathology can be associated with diverse psychiatric manifestations. Three major types of psychiatric disorders potentially found in cases of acquired... (Review)
Review
Acquired brain pathology can be associated with diverse psychiatric manifestations. Three major types of psychiatric disorders potentially found in cases of acquired brain pathology are examined: (1) psychosis, (2) mood disorders, and (3) personality disorders with special emphasis in so-called "acquired psychopathy." Two types of psychotic manifestations are reviewed: (a) Schizophrenia-like psychosis; (b) Other delusional disorder, specifically, somatoparaphrenia and delusional misidentification syndromes, which include reduplicative paramnesias, Capgras syndrome, Frégoli syndrome, and "doubles of the self-syndrome." Schizophrenia-like psychosis has been reported as sequelae of traumatic brain injury with a prevalence of around 1 to 9%. On the other hand, the other delusional disorders are usually associated with right hemisphere or bilateral lesions. The significance of mood disorders particularly in cases of frontal lobe pathology has been reported, including: depression, bipolar disorder, alcohol abuse, panic disorder, and increased risk of suicide are frequently observed. Personality disorders are frequent in cases of brain pathology, particularly frontal lesions. It is concluded that the analysis of the psychiatric changes associated with acquired brain pathology has not only a clinical importance but also a fundamental interest, advancing the understanding of the neurological bases of major psychiatric conditions.
Topics: Brain Diseases; Humans; Mood Disorders; Personality Disorders; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 30183352
DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2018.1463224 -
Rivista Di Psichiatria 2021The fact that delusional disorder (DD) received minimal research attention indicates the need for descriptive studies that will better delineate the clinical and...
The fact that delusional disorder (DD) received minimal research attention indicates the need for descriptive studies that will better delineate the clinical and socio-demographic characteristics of DD. We conducted a chart review descriptive study in a tertiary hospital from Turkey. A total of 99 cases of DD were identified through hospital registry system. 57 were male (57.6%), and mean age at first admission was 49.34±13.49. The most common type of DD was persecutory (36.4%), followed by jealous type (28.3%), mixed type (18.2%), and somatic type (16.2%). Jealous type DD patients were more likely to be married, and mixed type DD patients were more likely to be divorced. The presence of hallucinations was significantly associated with history of hospitalization. About one-tenth of the patients had a family history of psychotic spectrum disorder. Comorbid depressive disorder was present in 42.9% of the patients, whereas only 9.2% had comorbid anxiety disorder. Depressive disorder comorbidity in DD seems to be associated with continued treatment for longer periods of time in psychiatry services. While most of our data were comparable with the literature on DD, our divergent findings like higher rates of male patients and jealous type of the disorder might be attributed to the cultural and geographical factors. This situation points out that future research with larger populations and from different regions would contribute to better understanding of clinical and socio-demographical characteristics of delusional disorder.
Topics: Humans; Male; Marriage; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Turkey
PubMed: 34927628
DOI: 10.1708/3713.37047 -
Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria Jun 2024The neurobiological basis of delusional disorder is less explored through neuroimaging techniques than in other psychotic disorders. This study aims to provide...
BACKGROUND
The neurobiological basis of delusional disorder is less explored through neuroimaging techniques than in other psychotic disorders. This study aims to provide information about the neural origins of delusional disorder (DD) by examining the neuroanatomical features of some basal nuclei with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) texture analysis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Twenty DD patients and 20 healthy individuals were included in the study. Globus pallidus, putamen, and caudate nuclei were selected individually with a region of interest (ROI) on the axial MRI images. The entire texture analysis algorithm applied to all selected ROIs was done with an in-house software. Nuclei on both sides were taken as separate samples.
RESULTS
There were no significant differences between groups in terms of age and gender. The average "mean, median and maximum" values of all three nuclei were decreased in DD patients. The small putamen area and the differences detected in different tissue parameters for all three nuclei in delusional disorder patients indicate that they differ in delusional disorder from normal controls (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
The differences detected in the texture parameters for all three nuclei indicate that there is something different in the DD from in the normal controls. Neuroimaging studies with larger samples and different techniques in the future may shed light on the etiology of delusional disorder.
Topics: Humans; Female; Putamen; Male; Globus Pallidus; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Caudate Nucleus; Middle Aged; Schizophrenia, Paranoid; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Neuroimaging
PubMed: 38863052
DOI: 10.62641/aep.v52i3.1604 -
Psychogeriatrics : the Official Journal... Jan 2022Phantom boarder symptom (PBS) is classified as a delusional misidentification syndrome, and is often encountered in elderly individuals who have mild or major...
BACKGROUND
Phantom boarder symptom (PBS) is classified as a delusional misidentification syndrome, and is often encountered in elderly individuals who have mild or major neurocognitive disorders. With the ageing of society, patients presenting with PBS are increasing in Japan. This retrospective study was conducted to examine the aetiology and identify significant predictors of PBS.
METHODS
The records of 511 consecutive patients who visited our hospital with suspicion of dementia between September 2013 and September 2019 were retrospectively examined. From those, 16 patients who presented with PBS (1 male, 15 females; mean age 79.9 ± 4 years) were selected and case features were investigated in detail. Clinical symptoms, background factors, and final diagnoses were noted. PBS was most common in patients affected by dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). Predictive factors were evaluated using multiple logistic regression analysis.
RESULTS
The final diagnosis of the 16 subjects was DLB in 7, Alzheimer's disease in 3, delusional disorder in 3, unspecified dementia in 2, and vascular dementia in 1. Analysis limited to DLB cases showed that a low Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score and living alone were related to higher risk for PBS.
CONCLUSION
Various types of dementia, especially DLB, as well as cognitive impairment and living alone were found to be strong predictors of PBS.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alzheimer Disease; Female; Home Environment; Humans; Japan; Lewy Body Disease; Male; Retrospective Studies
PubMed: 34750931
DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12785 -
Zeitschrift Fur Kinder- Und... Nov 2021Psychotic disorders in ICD-11: the revisions This article provides an overview of the main changes to the chapter "Schizophrenia or Other Primary Psychotic Disorders"... (Review)
Review
Psychotic disorders in ICD-11: the revisions This article provides an overview of the main changes to the chapter "Schizophrenia or Other Primary Psychotic Disorders" (6A2) from ICD-10 to ICD-11 and compares them with the psychosis chapter of DSM-5. These changes include abandoning the classical subtypes of Schizophrenia as well as of the special significance of Schneider's first-rank symptoms, resulting in the general requirement of two key features (one must be a positive symptom) in the definition of "Schizophrenia" (6A20) and the allowance for bizarre contents in "Delusional Disorder" (6A24), which now includes "Induced Delusional Disorder" (F24). Further introduced are the focus on the current episode, the restriction of "Acute and Transient Psychotic Disorder" (6A23) to the former Polymorphic Disorder Without Schizophrenic Symptoms (F23.0), the diagnosis of delusional "Obsessive-Compulsive or Related Disorders" (6B2) exclusively as Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders, the specification of "Schizoaffective Disorder" (6A21), and the formulation of a distinct subchapter "Catatonia" (6A4) for the assessment of catatonic features in the context of several disorders. In analogy to DSM-5, ICD-11 now includes the optional category "Symptomatic Manifestations of Primary Psychotic Disorders" (6A25) for the dimensional quantification of symptoms. Again, developmental aspects remain unattended in in the ICD-11-definitions of psychotic disorders.
Topics: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Humans; International Classification of Diseases; Psychotic Disorders; Schizophrenia
PubMed: 33287579
DOI: 10.1024/1422-4917/a000777