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International Journal of Environmental... Oct 2022Quality of life (QoL) is closely linked to the health status of the individual. In turn, health status strongly depends on lifestyle. Health behavior, which is defined...
UNLABELLED
Quality of life (QoL) is closely linked to the health status of the individual. In turn, health status strongly depends on lifestyle. Health behavior, which is defined as the actions and attitudes of a person that affect their physical and mental health, is one of many lifestyle components. The nursing community, which is exposed to a range of dangers associated with the job position and responsibilities of the nursing profession, has to contend with several negative impacts. This results in a decreased quality of life among the nursing staff and reduced effectiveness in providing care services to patients.
METHODS
This study was conducted using an online Google questionnaire, which was completed by 312 nurses nationwide. The questionnaire included questions about the respondents' socio-demographic survey and included the Health Behavior Inventory (HBI) by Juczyński and the WHOQoL-BREF questionnaire.
RESULTS
The mean QoL reported by respondents was 3.65 points (SD = 0.67), meaning that QoL ranked between good and average results. The respondents' mean rating of their own health was 3.58 points (SD = 0.79), indicating that they rated their health status between satisfactory and average. Low health-behavior prevalence was reported by 139 of the 312 survey participants (44.55%), while 111 respondents (35.58%) had average health-behavior prevalence and 62 (19.87%) had high health-behavior prevalence. Each of the QoL domains correlated significantly ( ˂ 0.05) and positively (r ˃ 0) with the total HBI score and all its subscales.
CONCLUSIONS
Higher quality of life improves the level of health behavior by nursing staff. Obesity lowers the quality of life in physical, psychological, and social domains. The psychological sphere was the best-rated quality of life domain by nurses. A good material situation for nurses has a positive effect on their quality of life.
Topics: Health Behavior; Health Status; Humans; Nurses; Quality of Life; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 36232229
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912927 -
Health and Quality of Life Outcomes Aug 2023Physical end emotional changes during pregnancy may not only affect pregnant womens' quality of life, but also how instruments assessing quality of life perform in such...
BACKGROUND
Physical end emotional changes during pregnancy may not only affect pregnant womens' quality of life, but also how instruments assessing quality of life perform in such populations. To date, there is insufficient evidence on psychometric properties for both generic and condition-specific instruments measuring quality of life during pregnancy. The aim of this study was thus to examine the structural validity, internal consistency, and construct validity of the WHOQOL-BREF in a sample of pregnant women.
METHODS
A convenience sample of 1015 pregnant women in Sweden completed the WHOQOL-BREF online. We examined the psychometric properties of the instrument using principal component analysis (PCA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), Cronbach's alpha, item-domain correlations, correlations with overall QOL and general health, and multiple linear regression with items on overall QOL and general health as outcomes.
RESULTS
Principal Component Analysis in a random subsample (n = 502) supported a four-factor model, encompassing the domains physical, psychological, social and environmental quality of life, but with four of the items originally in the environmental domain relocated to the other domains. The proposed domain structure showed good fit in confirmatory factor analysis in the other random subsample (n = 513). The physical and psychological domains showed good internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.885 and 0.826 respectively), while the social and environmental domains were weaker in this regard. All domains showed significant positive correlations with items on overall QOL and general health. The physical and psychological domains were the most evident predictors in the regression models.
CONCLUSIONS
We find the Swedish version of the WHOQOL-BREF to have good psychometric properties to be used in samples of pregnant women, and propose an alternative domain structure that might be even more useful for assessing quality of life during pregnancy. The physical and psychological domains showed good internal consistency and construct validity.
Topics: Pregnancy; Humans; Female; Quality of Life; Reproducibility of Results; Physical Examination; Psychometrics; Emotions
PubMed: 37605225
DOI: 10.1186/s12955-023-02166-2 -
Saudi Journal of Kidney Diseases and... 2020The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between selected demographic and clinical characteristics and quality of life (QOL) scores in patients with...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between selected demographic and clinical characteristics and quality of life (QOL) scores in patients with end-stage renal disease who receive dialysis. We conducted the study at one hemodialysis (HD) unit in Bahrain from May 2018 to July 2018. We used standard QOL Index (QOLI) score instrument in Arabic form. This study included 100 patients (66 men and 34 women), aged 22 to 80 years on treatment with maintenance HD for four to 190 months. Inclusion criteria were as follows: those aged >18 years with no severe morbidities or psychological diseases and were on dialysis for at least three months. The following QOL scores were recorded: the health and functioning domain (64.8 ± 15.3), the social and economic domain (65.6 ± 14.1), the psychological/spiritual domain (74.9 ± 14.3), and the family subscale domain (75.9 ± 14.5). Male patients had reduced QOL though not statistically significant and younger patients had better QOL scores. The QOL scores revealed a decreasing trend with decreasing level of education, and they were higher among those who were not working and stayed at home. In addition, the family subclass scores were significantly higher among the married patients. Correlations between the demographic characteristics and QOL scores showed that there was a significant negative correlation between family domain and educational level and marital status, while there was a significant positive correlation between residence and psychological domain. Age, gender, marital status, residence, ethnicity, education level, employment status, income, and duration on HD nonsignificantly affected one or more domains of QOLI scores in such patients. Adequate management of these factors could influence patient outcomes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bahrain; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Functional Status; Health Status; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Mental Health; Middle Aged; Quality of Life; Renal Dialysis; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Social Determinants of Health; Socioeconomic Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult
PubMed: 32394920
DOI: 10.4103/1319-2442.284022 -
Frontiers in Public Health 2023No study has comprehensively quantified the individual and collective contributions of various risk factors to the growing burden of diabetes in the United States.
INTRODUCTION
No study has comprehensively quantified the individual and collective contributions of various risk factors to the growing burden of diabetes in the United States.
METHODS
This study aimed to determine the extent to which an increase in the prevalence of diabetes was related to concurrent changes in the distribution of diabetes-related risk factors among US adults (aged 20 years or above and not pregnant). Seven cycles of series of cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data between 2005-2006 and 2017-2018 were included. The exposures were survey cycles and seven domains of risk factors, including genetic, demographic, social determinants of health, lifestyle, obesity, biological, and psychosocial domains. Using Poisson regressions, percent reduction in the β coefficient (the logarithm used to calculate the prevalence ratio for prevalence of diabetes in 2017-2018 vs. 2005-2006) was computed to assess the individual and collective contribution of the 31 prespecified risk factors and seven domains to the growing burden of diabetes.
RESULTS
Of the 16,091 participants included, the unadjusted prevalence of diabetes increased from 12.2% in 2005-2006 to 17.1% in 2017-2018 [prevalence ratio: 1.40 (95% CI, 1.14-1.72)]. Individually, genetic domain [17.3% (95% CI, 5.4%-40.8%)], demographic domain [41.5% (95% CI, 24.4%-76.8%)], obesity domain [35.3% (95% CI, 15.8%-70.2%)], biological domain [46.2% (95% CI, 21.6%-79.1%)], and psychosocial domain [21.3% (95% CI, 9.5%-40.1%)] were significantly associated with a different percent reduction in β. After adjusting for all seven domains, the percent reduction in β was 97.3% (95% CI, 62.7%-164.8%).
CONCLUSION
The concurrently changing risk factors accounted for the increasing diabetes prevalence. However, the contribution of each risk factor domain varied. Findings may inform planning cost-effective and targeted public health programs for diabetes prevention.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Pregnancy; United States; Female; Nutrition Surveys; Prevalence; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Risk Factors; Obesity
PubMed: 37213641
DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1174632 -
Clinical Rehabilitation Mar 2022In clinical practice and research, standardised sets of data and outcomes are routinely collected to facilitate data comparison, benchmarking and quality improvement.... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
In clinical practice and research, standardised sets of data and outcomes are routinely collected to facilitate data comparison, benchmarking and quality improvement. Most existing data sets are condition-specific and cannot be applied to all patients in a given clinical setting. This review aimed to determine whether the development of a minimum data set for subacute rehabilitation is feasible by collating and comparing existing rehabilitation minimum data sets and core outcome sets.
DATA SOURCES
Published literature was identified through database searches (Scopus, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL and the COMET Initiative) in September 2021. Additional data sets were identified through a grey literature search.
REVIEW METHODS
This review was conducted in alignment with the PRISMA-ScR recommendations. Datasets were included if they were published in English, designed for adults, and intended for use in subacute rehabilitation. Data were extracted and taxonomically organised to identify commonalities. Items present in ≥50% of data sets were considered common.
RESULTS
Twenty minimum data sets and seven core outcome sets were included. There were 29 common minimum data set domains, with 19 relating to , seven relating to , two relating to and one relating to . Four common domains were identified within the Core Outcome Set analysis, which all related to , specifically (86%) (57%) (86%) and (100%).
CONCLUSION
Common item domains in conditions requiring subacute rehabilitation have been identified, suggesting that development of a dataset for subacute rehabilitation may be feasible.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Medicine; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Quality of Life
PubMed: 34873966
DOI: 10.1177/02692155211060468 -
Journal of Cystic Fibrosis : Official... May 2022There is no data exclusively on the relationship between health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) and lung disease severity in early school-aged children with cystic...
BACKGROUND
There is no data exclusively on the relationship between health-related quality-of-life (HRQOL) and lung disease severity in early school-aged children with cystic fibrosis (CF). Using data from the Australian Respiratory Early Surveillance Team for Cystic Fibrosis (AREST CF) we assessed the relationships between HRQOL, lung function and structure.
METHODS
125 children aged 6.5-10 years enrolled in the AREST CF program were included from CF clinics at Royal Children's Hospital (RCH), Melbourne (n = 66) and Perth Children's Hospital (PCH), Perth (n = 59), Australia. Demographics, HRQOL measured by Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire-Revised (CFQ-R), spirometry, multiple-breath washout (MBW) and chest CT were collected across two years. Correlation between CFQ-R scores and lung structure/function parameters and agreement between parent-proxy and child-reported HRQOL were evaluated.
RESULTS
No correlation was observed between most CFQ-R domain scores and FEV1 z-scores, excepting weak-positive correlation with parent CFQ-R Physical (rho = 0.21, CI 0.02-0.37), and Weight (rho = 0.21, CI 0.03-0.38) domain and child Body domain (rho = 0.26, CI 0.00-0.48). No correlation between most CFQ-R domain scores and LCI values was noted excepting weak-negative correlation with parent Respiratory (rho = -0.23, CI 0.41-0.05), Emotional (rho = -0.24, CI 0.43-0.04), and Physical (-0.21, CI 0.39-0.02) domains. Furthermore, structural lung disease on CT data demonstrated little to no association with CFQ-R parent and child domain scores. Additionally, no agreement between child self-report and parent-proxy CFQ-R scores was observed across the majority of domains and visits.
CONCLUSION
HRQOL correlated poorly with lung function and structure in early school-aged children with CF, hence clinical trials should consider these outcomes independently when determining study end-points.
Topics: Australia; Child; Cystic Fibrosis; Health Status; Humans; Lung; Quality of Life; Severity of Illness Index
PubMed: 34801433
DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.11.005 -
The Angle Orthodontist May 2021(1) To assess the effectiveness of the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) and the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP) to detect differences in Oral...
OBJECTIVES
(1) To assess the effectiveness of the Orthognathic Quality of Life Questionnaire (OQLQ) and the Child Oral Health Impact Profile (COHIP) to detect differences in Oral Health-Related Quality of Life (OHRQoL) between pediatric patients with dentofacial deformities and controls. (2) To assess for correlations between scores from the OQLQ and COHIP domains with the type and severity of the skeletal mal-relationship. (3) To assess if the COHIP and OQLQ were identifying unique or overlapping OHRQoL concerns.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Subjects were under age 18, presented with a dentofacial deformity, and completed both surveys. Matched controls completed the same. Severity for conditions was recorded via overjet, overbite, and ANB values and subjects were classified as skeletal Class I, II, or III.
RESULTS
Enrollment yielded 30 subjects and 31 controls. For the OQLQ, significant differences between subjects and controls were found for the Facial Esthetics domain, Oral Function domain, and total score. For the COHIP, significant differences were found for the Social/Emotional Well-Being and Self-Image domains plus total score. There were no significant correlations between the severity of the condition as measured by overjet and reported OHRQoL for any domains.
CONCLUSIONS
The OQLQ and COHIP are effective at detecting significant OHRQoL differences between pediatric patients with dentofacial deformities and controls. Although there is some overlap in the results, the instruments appear to identify different OHRQoL concerns.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Humans; Oral Health; Quality of Life; Self Concept; Surveys and Questionnaires
PubMed: 33449101
DOI: 10.2319/051820-448.1 -
BMC Medical Education Mar 2022Medical school curricular hours dedicated to ophthalmology are low and declining. Extracurricular ophthalmology activities, such as participation in community vision...
Demographics, clinical interests, and ophthalmology skills confidence of medical student volunteers and non-volunteers in an extracurricular community vision screening service-learning program.
BACKGROUND
Medical school curricular hours dedicated to ophthalmology are low and declining. Extracurricular ophthalmology activities, such as participation in community vision screenings, may serve an important adjunctive role in medical school curricula. The Johns Hopkins University (JHU) Vision Screening In Our Neighborhoods (ViSION) Program is an example of a voluntary medical student-directed community service-learning program.
METHODS
We used a mixed-methods cross-sectional approach, including an online survey and semi-structured interviews. JHU School of Medicine students enrolled in MD or MD/PhD programs during the 2019-2020 academic year were surveyed regarding demographics, career and service interests, involvement in ophthalmology-related activities, and confidence in their ophthalmology-related skills. Survey responses were compared between ViSION volunteers and non-volunteers using Fisher's exact chi-square tests. Semi-structured interviews were conducted via webconference with 8 prior or current ViSION volunteers and responses analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Data were collected when ViSION volunteers were in variable stages of their medical education and involvement with the ViSION program.
RESULTS
A total of 118 medical students were included, representing an overall response rate of 24.6% of JHU medical students. ViSION volunteers reported greater involvement in ophthalmology-related research (42% vs. 4%, p < 0.001), intent to apply to ophthalmology residency programs (35% vs. 1%, p = 0.001), and confidence with multiple ophthalmology knowledge and clinical skill domains. In particular, ViSION volunteers were more likely to feel confident estimating cup-to-disc ratio using direct ophthalmoscopy (20% vs. 0%, p < 0.001). In open-ended survey and interview questions, most volunteers attributed at least some degree of their ophthalmology skill development and desire to pursue ophthalmology and public health careers to their ViSION experience.
CONCLUSIONS
Medical students who volunteered with a student-led community vision screening program were more likely to have a prior interest in ophthalmology than those who did not volunteer, but only 1/3 of volunteers planned to pursue a career in ophthalmology. Overall, volunteers reported higher confidence performing ophthalmology-related clinical skills, suggesting that student-led community vision screening programs may provide an important avenue for medical students to explore public health aspects of ophthalmology, while practicing ophthalmology exam skills and learning about common ophthalmic pathologies, regardless of their career intentions.
Topics: Career Choice; Demography; Humans; Ophthalmology; Social Welfare; Students, Medical; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vision Screening; Volunteers
PubMed: 35246114
DOI: 10.1186/s12909-022-03194-0 -
Cancer Prevention Research... Jan 2021Guidelines endorse the use of chemoprevention for breast cancer risk reduction. This study examined the barriers and facilitators to chemoprevention use for Australian...
Guidelines endorse the use of chemoprevention for breast cancer risk reduction. This study examined the barriers and facilitators to chemoprevention use for Australian women at increased risk of breast cancer, and their clinicians. Surveys, based on the Theoretical Domains Framework, were mailed to 1,113 women at ≥16% lifetime risk of breast cancer who were enrolled in the Kathleen Cuningham Foundation Consortium for Research into Familial Breast Cancer cohort study (kConFab), and their 524 treating clinicians. Seven hundred twenty-five women (65%) and 221 (42%) clinicians responded. Only 10 (1.4%) kConFab women had ever taken chemoprevention. Three hundred seventy-eight (52%) kConFab women, two (3%) breast surgeons, and 51 (35%) family physicians were not aware of chemoprevention. For women, the strongest barriers to chemoprevention were side effects (31%) and inadequate information (23%), which operate in the Theoretical Domains Framework domains of "beliefs about consequences" and "knowledge," respectively. Strongest facilitators related to tamoxifen's long-term efficacy (35%, "knowledge," "beliefs about consequences," and "goals" domains), staying healthy for family (13%, "social role" and "goals" domains), and abnormal breast biopsy (13%, "environmental context" domain). The strongest barrier for family physicians was insufficient knowledge (45%, "knowledge" domain) and for breast surgeons was medication side effects (40%, "beliefs about consequences" domain). The strongest facilitators for both clinician groups related to clear guidelines, strong family history, and better tools to select patients ("environmental context and resources" domain). Clinician knowledge and resources, and beliefs about the side-effect consequences of chemoprevention, are key domains that could be targeted to potentially enhance uptake. PREVENTION RELEVANCE: Despite its efficacy in reducing breast cancer incidence, chemoprevention is underutilised. This survey study of Australian women and their clinicians used behavioural change theory to identify modifiable barriers to chemoprevention uptake, and to suggest interventions such as policy change, educational resources and public campaigns, that may increase awareness and use..
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Australia; BRCA1 Protein; BRCA2 Protein; Breast Neoplasms; Clinical Competence; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Incidence; Middle Aged; Mutation; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Patient Education as Topic; Physicians, Family; Practice Patterns, Physicians'; Qualitative Research; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
PubMed: 33115784
DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.CAPR-20-0369 -
International Journal of Molecular... Jul 2021CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy) is a small vessel disease caused by mutations in that lead to an... (Review)
Review
CADASIL (Cerebral Autosomal Dominant Arteriopathy with Subcortical Infarcts and Leukoencephalopathy) is a small vessel disease caused by mutations in that lead to an odd number of cysteines in the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeat domain, causing protein misfolding and aggregation. The main symptoms are migraines, psychiatric disorders, recurrent strokes, and dementia. Omic technologies allow the massive study of different molecules for understanding diseases in a non-biased manner or even for discovering targets and their possible treatments. We analyzed the progress in understanding CADASIL that has been made possible by omics sciences. For this purpose, we included studies that focused on CADASIL and used omics techniques, searching bibliographic resources, such as PubMed. We excluded studies with other phenotypes, such as migraine or leukodystrophies. A total of 18 articles were reviewed. Due to the high prevalence of mutations considered pathogenic to date in genomic repositories, one can ask whether all of them produce CADASIL, different degrees of the disease, or whether they are just a risk factor for small vessel disease. Besides, proteomics and transcriptomics studies found that the molecules that are significantly altered in CADASIL are mainly related to cell adhesion, the cytoskeleton or extracellular matrix components, misfolding control, autophagia, angiogenesis, or the transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling pathway. The omics studies performed on CADASIL have been useful for understanding the biological mechanisms and could be key factors for finding potential drug targets.
Topics: CADASIL; Cysteine; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gene Frequency; Gene Ontology; Genetic Association Studies; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genomics; Humans; Models, Molecular; Mutation; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Prevalence; Prognosis; Protein Aggregation, Pathological; Protein Conformation; Protein Domains; Proteomics; Receptor, Notch3; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Transcriptome
PubMed: 34298974
DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147357