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Frontiers in Immunology 2023Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that bridge innate and adaptive immune responses. Multiple cell types, including DCs, rely on cellular metabolism to... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that bridge innate and adaptive immune responses. Multiple cell types, including DCs, rely on cellular metabolism to determine their fate. DCs substantially alter cellular metabolic pathways during activation, such as oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, fatty acid and amino acid metabolism, which have crucial implications for their functionality. In this review, we summarize and discuss recent progress in DC metabolic studies, focusing on how metabolic reprogramming influences DC activation and functionality and the potential metabolic differences among DC subsets. Improving the understanding of the relationship between DC biology and metabolic regulation may provide promising therapeutic targets for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.
Topics: Humans; Dendritic Cells; Glycolysis; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Immunity; Inflammation
PubMed: 36969180
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1140749 -
Journal of Cutaneous Pathology May 2022
Topics: Dendritic Cells; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Neurofibroma
PubMed: 33786856
DOI: 10.1111/cup.14011 -
The EMBO Journal Dec 2023Cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-vesicular extracellular (nano)particles (NVEPs or ENPs) that may play a role in intercellular communication....
Cells secrete extracellular vesicles (EVs) and non-vesicular extracellular (nano)particles (NVEPs or ENPs) that may play a role in intercellular communication. Tumor-derived EVs have been proposed to induce immune priming of antigen presenting cells or to be immuno-suppressive agents. We suspect that such disparate functions are due to variable compositions in EV subtypes and ENPs. We aimed to characterize the array of secreted EVs and ENPs of murine tumor cell lines. Unexpectedly, we identified virus-like particles (VLPs) from endogenous murine leukemia virus in preparations of EVs produced by many tumor cells. We established a protocol to separate small EVs from VLPs and ENPs. We compared their protein composition and analyzed their functional interaction with target dendritic cells. ENPs were poorly captured and did not affect dendritic cells. Small EVs specifically induced dendritic cell death. A mixed large/dense EV/VLP preparation was most efficient to induce dendritic cell maturation and antigen presentation. Our results call for systematic re-evaluation of the respective proportions and functions of non-viral EVs and VLPs produced by murine tumors and their contribution to tumor progression.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Endogenous Retroviruses; Extracellular Vesicles; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Differentiation; Dendritic Cells; Neoplasms
PubMed: 38073509
DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023113590 -
Seminars in Immunology Jul 2023Dendritic cells (DCs) are a complex network of specialised antigen-presenting cells that are critical initiators of adaptive immunity. Targeting antigen directly to DCs... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs) are a complex network of specialised antigen-presenting cells that are critical initiators of adaptive immunity. Targeting antigen directly to DCs in situ is a vaccination strategy that selectively delivers antigen to receptors expressed by DC subtypes. This approach exploits specific DC subset functions of antigen uptake and presentation. Here, we review DC-targeted vaccination strategies that are designed to elicit effective cross-presentation for CD8 T cell immunity. In particular, we focus on approaches that exploit receptors highly expressed by mouse and human cDCs equipped with superior cross-presentation capacity. These receptors include DEC205, Clec9A and XCR1. Targeting DC receptors Clec12A, Clec4A4 and mannose receptor is also reviewed. Outcomes of DC-targeted vaccination in mouse models through to human clinical trials is discussed. This is a promising new vaccination approach capable of directly targeting the cross-presentation pathway for prevention and treatment of tumours and infectious diseases.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Mice; Cross-Priming; Antigen Presentation; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Antigens; Vaccination; Dendritic Cells
PubMed: 37167898
DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101762 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2022Finding a vaccine that can last a long time and effective against viruses with high mutation rates such as SARS-CoV-2 is still a challenge today. The various vaccines... (Review)
Review
Finding a vaccine that can last a long time and effective against viruses with high mutation rates such as SARS-CoV-2 is still a challenge today. The various vaccines that have been available have decreased in effectiveness and require booster administration. As the professional antigen presenting cell, Dendritic Cells can also activate the immune system, especially T cells. This ability makes dendritic cells have been developed as vaccines for some types of diseases. In SARS-CoV-2 infection, T cells play a vital role in eliminating the virus, and their presence can be detected in the long term. Hence, this condition shows that the formation of T cell immunity is essential to prevent and control the course of the disease. The construction of vaccines oriented to induce strong T cells response can be formed by utilizing dendritic cells. In this article, we discuss and illustrate the role of dendritic cells and T cells in the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection and summarizing the crucial role of dendritic cells in the formation of T cell immunity. We arrange the basis concept of developing dendritic cells for SARS-CoV-2 vaccines. A dendritic cell-based vaccine for SARS-CoV-2 has the potential to be an effective vaccine that solves existing problems.
Topics: COVID-19; COVID-19 Vaccines; Dendritic Cells; Humans; Pandemics; SARS-CoV-2; Viral Vaccines
PubMed: 36148241
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.989685 -
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy =... Aug 2023Traditionally, vaccines have helped eradication of several infectious diseases and also saved millions of lives in the human history. Those prophylactic vaccines have... (Review)
Review
Traditionally, vaccines have helped eradication of several infectious diseases and also saved millions of lives in the human history. Those prophylactic vaccines have acted through inducing immune responses against a live attenuated, killed organism or antigenic subunits to protect the recipient against a real infection caused by the pathogenic microorganism. Nevertheless, development of anticancer vaccines as valuable targets in human health has faced challenges and requires further optimizations. Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen presenting cells (APCs) that play essential roles in tumor immunotherapies through induction of CD8 T cell immunity. Accordingly, various strategies have been tested to employ DCs as therapeutic vaccines for exploiting their activity against tumor cells. Application of whole tumor cells or purified/recombinant antigen peptides are the most common approaches for pulsing DCs, which then are injected back into the patients. Although some hopeful results are reported for a number of DC vaccines tested in animal and clinical trials of cancer patients, such approaches are still inefficient and require optimization. Failure of DC vaccination is postulated due to immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment (TME), overexpression of checkpoint proteins, suboptimal avidity of tumor-associated antigen (TAA)-specific T lymphocytes, and lack of appropriate adjuvants. In this review, we have an overview of the current experiments and trials evaluated the anticancer efficacy of DC vaccination as well as focusing on strategies to improve their potential including combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).
Topics: Animals; Humans; Antigens, Neoplasm; Cancer Vaccines; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Dendritic Cells; Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment; Vaccination
PubMed: 37257227
DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114954 -
Frontiers in Immunology 2021Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells, unique to initiate and coordinate the adaptive immune response. In pigs, conventional DCs (cDCs),... (Review)
Review
Dendritic cells (DCs) are the most potent antigen-presenting cells, unique to initiate and coordinate the adaptive immune response. In pigs, conventional DCs (cDCs), plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), and monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs) have been described in blood and tissues. Different pathogens, such as viruses, could infect these cells, and in some cases, compromise their response. The understanding of the interaction between DCs and viruses is critical to comprehend viral immunopathological responses. Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is the most important respiratory pathogen in the global pig population. Different reports support the notion that PRRSV modulates pig immune response in addition to their genetic and antigenic variability. The interaction of PRRSV with DCs is a mostly unexplored area with conflicting results and lots of uncertainties. Among the scarce certainties, cDCs and pDCs are refractory to PRRSV infection in contrast to moDCs. Additionally, response of DCs to PRRSV can be different depending on the type of DCs and maybe is related to the virulence of the viral isolate. The precise impact of this virus-DC interaction upon the development of the specific immune response is not fully elucidated. The present review briefly summarizes and discusses the previous studies on the interaction of derived bone marrow (bm)- and moDCs, and isolated cDCs, pDCs, and moDCs with PRRSV1 and 2.
Topics: Animals; Antigen Presentation; Antigens, Viral; Bone Marrow; Dendritic Cells; Forecasting; Monocytes; Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome; Porcine respiratory and reproductive syndrome virus; Swine; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory; Viral Vaccines; Virulence
PubMed: 34394113
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712109 -
Hematology/oncology Clinics of North... Jun 2020Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare aggressive hematologic malignancy derived from precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Historically,... (Review)
Review
Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare aggressive hematologic malignancy derived from precursors of plasmacytoid dendritic cells. Historically, BPDCN has had few available treatment options and a poor prognosis. The emergence of novel targeted therapies, namely tagraxofusp, has changed the treatment landscape of BPDCN, but data are lacking regarding the long-term durability of responses. Despite absence of randomized data, allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplant has become the de facto option for patients with BPDCN who achieve a first complete remission. As new therapies continue to emerge, it will be important to evaluate the role of postallograft maintenance/consolidation.
Topics: Combined Modality Therapy; Dendritic Cells; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation; Humans; Immunotherapy, Adoptive; Myeloproliferative Disorders; Transplantation, Autologous; Transplantation, Homologous; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32336425
DOI: 10.1016/j.hoc.2020.01.009 -
European Journal of Immunology Nov 2022Human DCs have been divided into several subsets based on their phenotype and ontogeny. Recent high throughput single-cell methods have revealed additional heterogeneity... (Review)
Review
Human DCs have been divided into several subsets based on their phenotype and ontogeny. Recent high throughput single-cell methods have revealed additional heterogeneity within human DC subsets, and new subpopulations have been proposed. In this review, we provide an updated view of the human DC subsets and of their ontogeny supported by recent clinical studies . We also summarize their main characteristics including their functional specialization.
Topics: Humans; Dendritic Cells; Phenotype
PubMed: 35187651
DOI: 10.1002/eji.202149632 -
International Reviews of Immunology 2022An increasing number of researches have shown that cell metabolism regulates cell function. Dendritic cells (DCs), a professional antigen presenting cells, connect... (Review)
Review
An increasing number of researches have shown that cell metabolism regulates cell function. Dendritic cells (DCs), a professional antigen presenting cells, connect innate and adaptive immune responses. The preference of DCs for sugar or lipid affects its phenotypes and functions. In many diseases such as atherosclerosis (AS), diabetes mellitus and tumor, altered glucose or lipid level in microenvironment makes DCs exert ineffective or opposite immune roles, which accelerates the development of these diseases. In this article, we review the metabolism pathways of glucose and cholesterol in DCs, and the effects of metabolic changes on the phenotype and function of DCs. In addition, we discuss the effects of changes in glucose and lipid levels on DCs in the context of different diseases for better understanding the relationship between DCs and diseases. The immune metabolism of DCs may be a potential intervention link to treat metabolic-related immune diseases.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Dendritic Cells; Glucose; Humans; Lipids; Neoplasms; Tumor Microenvironment
PubMed: 33792460
DOI: 10.1080/08830185.2021.1897124