-
Acta Clinica Croatica Jun 2020Allergic reactions sometimes participate in the development of perioral and oral diseases, indicating the need for appropriate allergen assessment. This review discusses... (Review)
Review
Allergic reactions sometimes participate in the development of perioral and oral diseases, indicating the need for appropriate allergen assessment. This review discusses current knowledge on the potential allergic reactions to different dental materials in patients with oral and perioral diseases. Aside from allergies to various dental materials, similar non-allergic, non-immune contact reactions (irritant or toxic) can occur. Among dental materials, the most frequent allergens are alloys, followed by rubber materials, polymers and acrylates. Allergic reactions to dental alloys that contain nickel, cobalt and amalgam are especially frequent since dentists use them for prosthetic and other restorations. There is a broad spectrum of clinical presentations of oral and perioral diseases possibly related to allergies, such as lichenoid reactions, cheilitis, perioral dermatitis, burning sensations, etc. Despite some limitations, patch test is crucial in the diagnosis and recognition of causative allergens because it reveals contact allergies, and is still superior in differentiating allergic and irritant contact reactions. It is important to examine patient medical histories (e.g., occurrence of symptoms after dental therapy or food consumption), and in consultation with their dentist, carry out allergy tests to specific dental allergens which are used or planned to be used in subsequent treatment.
Topics: Allergens; Cheilitis; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Dermatitis, Perioral; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Patch Tests
PubMed: 33456120
DOI: 10.20471/acc.2020.59.02.16 -
European Journal of Dental Education :... May 2020To ascertain dental educators' attitudes towards the teaching of dental amalgam at dental schools in Australia and identify preferred curricular approaches in a...
OBJECTIVE
To ascertain dental educators' attitudes towards the teaching of dental amalgam at dental schools in Australia and identify preferred curricular approaches in a potentially "amalgamless" profession.
METHODS
A mixed methods analysis was employed based on an open-ended response survey followed by a closed-ended questionnaire. Identification of key issues from the survey helped frame the questionnaire. Participants included those with expertise in operative and restorative dentistry, with direct involvement in curriculum development or delivery, at Australian dental schools.
RESULTS
Participants numbered fifteen and represented seven of the nine dental schools in Australia. Key themes identified and explored included the following: (in)consistency of approach to teaching restorative dentistry; a perceived disconnect between undergraduate study and the "real world"; a need for a focus on teaching of alternatives to dental amalgam (80 per cent (strongly) agreeing); the contradictory nature of the evidence base and literature that is not readily understood; the need for more post-graduate education relating to adhesive restorative materials (86 per cent (strongly) agreeing); the need for dental amalgam to continue to be available; formal understandings (guidelines) as to the use of dental amalgam; dental schools in Australia being heard on these issues; and the relevance of this issue (100 per cent (strongly) agreeing the issue is topical and important).
CONCLUSION
There is a broad consensus of dental educators at Australian dental schools as how best to approach the teaching of amalgam if a phase-down is to occur and the issues any such approach may face.
Topics: Attitude; Australia; Composite Resins; Curriculum; Dental Amalgam; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Education, Dental; Surveys and Questionnaires; Teaching
PubMed: 31925893
DOI: 10.1111/eje.12496 -
British Dental Journal May 2022Dental materials can cause reactions to the oral mucosa and present to the general dental practitioner. These are often referred to as 'allergies' but are frequently...
Dental materials can cause reactions to the oral mucosa and present to the general dental practitioner. These are often referred to as 'allergies' but are frequently lichenoid reactions. Most of these are related to dental amalgam restorations and can be remedied by replacing the restoration with another suitable material. Other metals, including gold, palladium, nickel and chrome, have also been reported to trigger mucosal changes. Less commonly, issues arise from other restorative materials, including denture acrylics, composites and glass polyalkenoates. Reactions are also reported due to endodontic and sealing materials. It is unclear what role skin 'patch' testing has in managing dental material allergies. This article aims to give the practitioner a clearer picture of dental material allergy issues and how they should be approached in primary dental practice.
Topics: Dental Amalgam; Dental Materials; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentists; Humans; Hypersensitivity; Patch Tests; Professional Role
PubMed: 35562454
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-022-4195-9 -
The Saudi Dental Journal Jul 2021This literature research aimed to compare, contrast and quantify the innovations in the most commonly used dental biomaterials. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This literature research aimed to compare, contrast and quantify the innovations in the most commonly used dental biomaterials.
METHODOLOGY
Original research articles based on experimental dental biomaterials published between 2007 and 2019 were retrieved and reviewed. A search of electronic databases, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science indexed dental/biomaterials journals, has been conducted. The inclusion criteria in this research were: synthesis of experimental dental materials, whereas commercial dental materials, review articles, and clinical trials (case reports) were excluded.
RESULTS
It was found that the amount of publications related to dental subgingival implants, computer-aided modeling ceramics, aesthetic restorative materials, adhesives cements, ceramics, bioceramics, endodontic materials, bioactive scaffolds, stem cells, and guided-tissue membranes had increased significantly from 2007. At the same time, the number of publications related to dental cements, silver amalgam, and dental alloys has decreased. For characterization of dental materials it was noted that mechanical properties were tested mostly for restorative materials. On the other hand, biological properties were most assessed for dental subgingival implants and endodontic materials, however, physical properties predominantly for bioceramics.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded that to meet clinical demands there was more focus on restorative materials that provided better aesthetics, including resin composites, adhesive resin composites (luting cements), zirconia, and other ceramics. The boost in laboratory and animal research related to bioceramics was attributed to their regenerative potential. This current literature study will help growing researchers to consider and judge the direction to which research might be guided in order to plan prospective research projects.
PubMed: 34194185
DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2021.01.002 -
Journal of Molecular Modeling Oct 2019Effect of heat treatment on the structure and thermal properties of silver-copper dental amalgam (Ag-Cu/Hg) was investigated by means of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation....
Effect of heat treatment on the structure and thermal properties of silver-copper dental amalgam (Ag-Cu/Hg) was investigated by means of Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Simulated pair correlation functions in the framework of MC algorithm form the basis for a diverse analysis of the amalgam annealed up to 2893 K. As heat treatment increases, structural properties remain essentially unchanged up to 1093 K, beyond which, the properties are deteriorated. Phase separation in the context of homo-coordination and segregation of Ag-Cu alloy is characterized as the annealing of amalgam alloy is proceeded. Thus, the amalgam alloy could also maintain a microstructural phase and a structural strength around this temperature, consistent with the annealing reported experimentally. These findings provide insights into amalgam industrial technology, setting amalgamation process, Hg release in dental clinics, and basic information appreciated in the dentistry industry and partnership in forensic science. Graphical abstract Thermal stability of the homogeneous amalgam (Ag-Cu/Hg) is studied up to 2893 K where a phase separation and structural alteration is noted above 1093 and Hg phase segregates into a domain different from Ag-Cu alloy domain.
Topics: Algorithms; Copper; Dental Amalgam; Mercury; Silver; Temperature
PubMed: 31620922
DOI: 10.1007/s00894-019-4193-2 -
European Journal of Dentistry May 2022The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical features of pigmented oral lesions from Thailand.
OBJECTIVES
The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and clinical features of pigmented oral lesions from Thailand.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Biopsy records of the Department of Oral Pathology, Chulalongkorn University, Department of Oral Diagnosis, KhonKaen University, Department of Oral Biology and Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Chiangmai University, Department of Stomatology, Prince of Songkla University, and Rangsit University were reviewed for oral pigmented lesions diagnosed during 1999 to 2019. Demographic data were culled from the biopsy records. Ages of the patients were subdivided into 10-year intervals. Locations of the lesions were classified as gingiva, labial/buccal mucosa, palate, floor of the mouth, tongue, as well as the combination of sites. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS version 20.0.
RESULTS
Of the 47,175 accessioned cases, 241 cases (0.51%) were diagnosed in the category of pigmented oral lesions. The age of the patients ranged from 1 month to 88 years with the mean ± standard deviation = 38.74 ± 20.96 years. Regarding gender, 172 patients (71.37%) with pigmented lesions were females, while 69 patients (28.63%) were males. The female-to-male ratio was 2.49:1. The majority of the pigmented lesions were encountered at the gingiva (29.88%) followed by labial/buccal mucosa (26.97%), palate (14.94%), lip (10.79%), alveolar mucosa (9.54%), and others (7.88%), respectively. The three most common pigmented oral lesions in the present study were nevus (39.83%), followed by melanotic macule (28.63%) and amalgam tattoo (17.43%), respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The most common pigmented oral lesion in the present study is nevus. Demographic data of the patients in the present study are in accordance with previous studies with minor differences. Even though pigmented lesions of the oral cavity constitute a small portion of the oral pathology biopsies, accurate diagnosis is important since there is an overlap in clinical appearance of benign pigmented lesions and melanoma.
PubMed: 34753186
DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1735790 -
Basic & Clinical Pharmacology &... Oct 2019Mercury (Hg), a highly toxic environmental pollutant, shows harmfulness which still represents a big concern for human health, including hazards to fertility and... (Review)
Review
Mercury (Hg), a highly toxic environmental pollutant, shows harmfulness which still represents a big concern for human health, including hazards to fertility and pregnancy outcome. Research has shown that Hg could induce impairments in the reproductive function, cellular deformation of the Leydig cells and the seminiferous tubules, and testicular degeneration as well as abnormal menstrual cycles. Some studies investigated spontaneous abortion and complicated fertility outcome due to occupational Hg exposure. Moreover, there is a relation between inhaled Hg vapour and reproductive outcome. This MiniReview evaluates the hypothesis that exposure to Hg may increase the risk of reduced fertility, spontaneous abortion and congenital deficits or abnormalities.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Pollutants; Female; Fertility; Humans; Male; Maternal Exposure; Mercury; Occupational Exposure; Paternal Exposure; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prevalence; Testis
PubMed: 31136080
DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13264 -
British Dental Journal Jul 2020
Topics: Corrosion; Dental Amalgam; Dental Materials; Mercury
PubMed: 32710031
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-020-1943-6 -
Journal of Biomedical Materials... Nov 2019Nearly 100 million of the 170 million composite and amalgam restorations placed annually in the United States are replacements for failed restorations. The primary... (Review)
Review
Nearly 100 million of the 170 million composite and amalgam restorations placed annually in the United States are replacements for failed restorations. The primary reason both composite and amalgam restorations fail is recurrent decay, for which composite restorations experience a 2.0-3.5-fold increase compared to amalgam. Recurrent decay is a pernicious problem-the standard treatment is replacement of defective composites with larger restorations that will also fail, initiating a cycle of ever-larger restorations that can lead to root canals, and eventually, to tooth loss. Unlike amalgam, composite lacks the inherent capability to seal discrepancies at the restorative material/tooth interface. The low-viscosity adhesive that bonds the composite to the tooth is intended to seal the interface, but the adhesive degrades, which can breach the composite/tooth margin. Bacteria and bacterial by-products such as acids and enzymes infiltrate the marginal gaps and the composite's inability to increase the interfacial pH facilitates cariogenic and aciduric bacterial outgrowth. Together, these characteristics encourage recurrent decay, pulpal damage, and composite failure. This review article examines key biological and physicochemical interactions involved in the failure of composite restorations and discusses innovative strategies to mitigate the negative effects of pathogens at the adhesive/dentin interface. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater 107B:2466-2475, 2019.
Topics: Adhesives; Dental Materials; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dentin; Humans
PubMed: 30895695
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34358 -
Dentistry Journal Jan 2022Despite their popularity, resin composite restorations fail earlier and at higher rates than comparable amalgam restorations. One of the reasons for these rates of... (Review)
Review
Despite their popularity, resin composite restorations fail earlier and at higher rates than comparable amalgam restorations. One of the reasons for these rates of failure are the properties of current dental bonding agents. Modern bonding agents are vulnerable to gradual chemical and mechanical degradation from a number of avenues such as daily use in chewing, catalytic hydrolysis facilitated by salivary or bacterial enzymes, and thermal fluctuations. These stressors have been found to work synergistically, all contributing to the deterioration and eventual failure of the hybrid layer. Due to the expense and difficulty in conducting in vivo experiments, in vitro protocols meant to accurately simulate the oral environment's stressors are important in the development of bonding agents and materials that are more resistant to these processes of degradation. This narrative review serves to summarize the currently employed methods of aging dental materials and critically appraise them in the context of our knowledge of the oral environment's parameters.
PubMed: 35049611
DOI: 10.3390/dj10010013