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The Journal of Evidence-based Dental... Dec 2022To determine the clinical performance of light-cured calcium silicate-based cement for direct or indirect pulp capping. The research question was as follows: in teeth... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
OBJECTIVES
To determine the clinical performance of light-cured calcium silicate-based cement for direct or indirect pulp capping. The research question was as follows: in teeth with deep caries lesions, does the use of resin-modified calcium silicate-containing composites improve the radiological success and prevent irreversible pulpitis and pulpal necrosis compared with other pulp-capping agents?
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The following databases were screened until September 2021: PubMed, Web of Science, Scielo, Scopus, Embase, and The Cochrane Library. Randomized clinical trials reporting the clinical evaluation of a resin-modified calcium silicate material as an agent for pulp therapy were included. Meta-analysis was performed using the Rev Manager v5.4.1 software. The risk difference and 95% confidence interval of the dichotomous outcome (restoration failure or success) were calculated for comparison.
RESULTS
Ten studies were considered for qualitative analysis and meta-analysis. Studies evaluating the performance of light-cured calcium silicate-based cement from 1 month to a maximum follow-up period of 36 months and comparing it with the performance of CaOH, mineral trioxide aggregate, or Biodentine were included. In the global analysis for direct pulp capping at 6-month follow-up, no statistical differences were observed between the experimental group using the light-cured calcium silicate-based cement and control group (P = .28). However, at 12-month follow-up, global analysis favored the control group (P < .001). For indirect pulp capping, at 6- and 24-month follow-ups, no statistically significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups (P = .88; P = .21).
CONCLUSIONS
Light-cured calcium silicate-based cement showed a limited clinical performance as a direct pulp capping agent, especially when evaluated in the long term. However, using it as an indirect pulp capping agent may be a reliable and easy-to-use option for restoring teeth with deep caries.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
This systematic review provides evidence that supports the use of light-cured calcium silicate-based cement as an indirect pulp capping agent.
Topics: Humans; Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; Dental Pulp Capping; Silicate Cement; Glass Ionomer Cements; Dental Cements; Composite Resins
PubMed: 36494107
DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2022.101776 -
BioMed Research International 2022Portland cement (PC) is used in challenging endodontic situations in which preserving the health and functionality of pulp tissue is of considerable importance. PC forms... (Review)
Review
Portland cement (PC) is used in challenging endodontic situations in which preserving the health and functionality of pulp tissue is of considerable importance. PC forms the main component of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) and demonstrates similar desirable properties as an orthograde or retrograde filling material. PC is able to protect pulp against bacterial infiltration, induce reparative dentinogenesis, and form dentin bridge during the pulp healing process. The biocompatibility, bioactivity, and physical properties of PC have been investigated and in animal models, as well as in some limited clinical trials. This paper reviews Portland cement's structure and its characteristics and reaction in various environments and eventually accentuates the present concerns with this material. This bioactive endodontic cement has shown promising success rates compared to MTA; however, considerable modifications are required in order to improve its characteristics and expand its application scope as a root repair material. Hence, the extensive chemical modifications incorporated into PC composition to facilitate preparation and handling procedures are discussed. It is still important to further address the applicability, reliability, and cost-effectiveness of PC before transferring into day-to-day clinical practice.
Topics: Aluminum Compounds; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Calcium Compounds; Dental Cements; Drug Combinations; Humans; Oxides; Root Canal Filling Materials; Silicates
PubMed: 35036431
DOI: 10.1155/2022/3314912 -
Clinical Oral Implants Research Jan 2023To evaluate the association between different vertical levels of the abutment margin and residual cement prevalence in cement-retained implant restorations with... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate the association between different vertical levels of the abutment margin and residual cement prevalence in cement-retained implant restorations with customized abutments.
METHODS
One hundred and nine single-unit cement-retained implant restorations with a screw-access channel were included. The crowns were intraorally cemented on the abutments, and excess cement was removed. The abutment-crown complex was unscrewed, and the abutment-crown complex and peri-implant tissue were photographed. Residual cement presence was recorded by dividing the abutment-crown complex and peri-implant tissue into four quadrants: mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual. The prevalence of residual cement was compared according to the height of the custom abutment margin of the corresponding quadrant. A multilevel model was used for statistical analysis (α = .05).
RESULTS
Cement remnants were discovered on 72.48% of the dental implants. When the restoration quadrants were compared, cement remnants were present on 51.38%, 39.45%, 20.18%, and 17.43% of the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual surfaces, respectively (p < .01). Regarding the abutment margin level, cement residues were found in 60.22% and 61.4% of the 0.5 mm subgingival and ≥1 mm subgingival margin groups, respectively, which were significantly more than those in the supragingival (23.65%) and equigingival (26.59%) margin groups (p < .01). After adjustment for confounding factors, the adjusted odds ratio (with 95% confidence interval) for residual cement in the subgingival margin groups was 3.664 (1.71, 7.852) when compared to the supragingival and equigingival margin groups.
CONCLUSIONS
The risk of residual cement occurrence was 3.66-fold higher with a subgingival abutment margin than with supragingival and equigingival abutment margins.
Topics: Cementation; Dental Implants; Dental Abutments; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Dental Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements; Crowns
PubMed: 36278423
DOI: 10.1111/clr.14015 -
Journal of Dentistry Jan 2021Nowadays, the universal adhesives are often used for silane application prior to application of self-adhesive resin cements. The purpose of this study was to evaluate...
OBJECTIVES
Nowadays, the universal adhesives are often used for silane application prior to application of self-adhesive resin cements. The purpose of this study was to evaluate enamel surface roughness and to observe the enamel-adhesive interface after acid-base challenge using three different self-adhesive resin cements combined with universal adhesives.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three self-adhesive resin cements: PANAVIA SA Luting Cement Plus (SA), Calibra Universal (CA) and MaxCem Elite Chroma (MC) which in conjunction with the particular universal adhesives: Clearfil Universal Bond Quick (UQ), Prime&Bond Universal (PB) and Optibond Universal (OB) were tested. Thirty enamel surfaces from caries-free human premolars were ground and bonded with the tested self-adhesive resin cements combined with universal adhesives. The surface roughness test (Sa) with or without applying adhesives was performed with 3D-CLSM. The interface of the bonded specimens after acid-base challenge was also examined by SEM.
RESULTS
The Sa of OB was significantly higher than those of PB and UQ. There were statistically significant differences among all of the groups (p < 0.05). An acid-base resistant zone (ABRZ) was observed in all groups, however, formation of the ABRZ was material dependent.
CONCLUSION
OB provided most etching performance to enamel of human premolars and MC group with OB presented durability against acid-base challenge.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Nowadays, the combination of self-adhesive resin cement and universal adhesive may be a viable option for a reliable bonding performance and bonding durability in indirect restorative dentistry.
Topics: Acid Etching, Dental; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dental Enamel; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Humans; Materials Testing; Resin Cements; Shear Strength; Surface Properties
PubMed: 33188847
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103527 -
Biomedical Materials (Bristol, England) Jul 2023This study aimed to synthesize and characterize a novel dental pulp capping cement containing bioactive glass (BG)/zinc oxide modified with an organic resin. BG (45S5)...
This study aimed to synthesize and characterize a novel dental pulp capping cement containing bioactive glass (BG)/zinc oxide modified with an organic resin. BG (45S5) with or without ZnO (Zn) and hemaphosphate (HP) combined with a liquid consisting of polyacrylic and itaconic acids (AA) were synthesized and the structural, physical, and mechanical properties were assessed. Hydroxyapatite formation was evaluated by immersion in simulated body fluid. Biological analysis including methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium assay, alizarin red staining, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and gene expression of odontogenic markers were performed to evaluate the cytotoxic effect and biomineralization potential of the cements on human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs). A commercial mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) served as control. The highest compressive strength value and the shortest setting time were belonged to the BG + HP + AA and BG + AA groups, respectively. The shear bond strength to dentin was the highest for the BG + HP + AA cement. Scanning electron microscope showed only scarce deposits of calcium phosphate formation on the surface of the synthesized cements. BG + HP + AA and BG + HP + Zn + AA groups had significantly lower cytotoxicity than MTA. The mineralization potential of hDPSCs after stimulation by the novel cements increased. Quantitative reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction showed higher odontogenic marker expression in hDPSCs exposed to the BG + HP + Zn + AA cement compared to other synthesized cements, although it was higher in MTA group. Based on the obtained results, the novel synthesized cements can be used as appropriate capping agents in the treatment of dental pulp.
Topics: Humans; Zinc Oxide; Pulp Capping and Pulpectomy Agents; Glass; Microscopy; Dental Cements; Silicates; Calcium Compounds; Oxides; Drug Combinations
PubMed: 37369213
DOI: 10.1088/1748-605X/ace227 -
Dental Materials Journal Oct 2022The aim of this study was to evaluate the maximum amount of chlorhexidine (CHX) that could be incorporated to self-adhesive resin cements to add antibacterial effect...
The aim of this study was to evaluate the maximum amount of chlorhexidine (CHX) that could be incorporated to self-adhesive resin cements to add antibacterial effect without affecting the physical properties. The CHX was incorporated into a commercial self-adhesive resin cement at mass fractions of 0.5-15 wt%, and the CHX-release profile, antibacterial effect, flexural and bond strengths of experimental cements were evaluated. Increasing the CHX content from 5 to 15 wt% resulted in a higher released concentration of CHX. In agar diffusion tests, experimental cements containing 5, 10, and 15 wt% CHX produced inhibition zones against oral bacteria. In flexural strength and shear bond strength to dentin, no significant reduction was observed with the incorporation of 5 wt% CHX. This in vitro study suggests that the addition of 5 wt% CHX yielded an antibacterial self-adhesive cement and had no adverse effect on the flexural and shear bond strengths.
Topics: Agar; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Chlorhexidine; Dental Bonding; Dental Cements; Dentin; Materials Testing; Resin Cements
PubMed: 35584938
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-004 -
Compendium of Continuing Education in... Sep 2019As the demand for esthetics in dentistry has increased over the years, zirconia-based restorations have been successfully used as alternatives to metal-ceramic... (Review)
Review
As the demand for esthetics in dentistry has increased over the years, zirconia-based restorations have been successfully used as alternatives to metal-ceramic restorations. A reliable marginal seal is among the factors that are vital to the clinical success of a dental restoration. One advantage of zirconia-based restorations is that the cementation process is generally simpler and more efficient compared to the delivery/cementation of other all-ceramic systems. This article reviews several categories of cement used for the cementation of zirconia restorations: zinc-phosphate cement, glass-ionomer cement (GIC), resin-modified GIC, and composite-resin cement.
Topics: Cementation; Composite Resins; Esthetics, Dental; Glass Ionomer Cements; Resin Cements; Zirconium
PubMed: 31478701
DOI: No ID Found -
F1000Research 2023To investigate and compare the effect of four commercially used dental cement at 24 hours, 48 hours,72 hours (h) and 6 days on the cellular response of human gingival...
BACKGROUND
To investigate and compare the effect of four commercially used dental cement at 24 hours, 48 hours,72 hours (h) and 6 days on the cellular response of human gingival fibroblast (HGF).
METHODS
3 cement pellet samples were made for each 4-test cement (n=12). The cement used for this study were zinc phosphate (ZP), zinc oxide non-eugenol (ZOE), RelyX U200 (RU200), and glass ionomer cement (GIC). The cytotoxicity of peri-implant tissues was investigated using one commercial cell line. All processing was done following International Organization for Standardization (ISO) methods 10993-5 and 10993-12 (MTT assay Test). Cell cultures without dental cement were considered as control. Standard laboratory procedures were followed to permit cell growth and confluence over 48 hrs after sub-cultivation. Before being subjected to analysis, the cells were kept in direct contact with the cement samples for the suggested time period. To validate the results the specimens were tested three times each. Cell death and inhibition of cell growth were measured quantitatively. Results were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA (a=0.05) followed by Tukey B post hoc test.
RESULTS
The study showed the dental cement test material was cytotoxic. ZOE, ZP, GIC, and RU200 were cytotoxic in decreasing order, respectively, significantly reducing cell viability after exposure to HGF (p <0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Within the limitations of this in-vitro cellular study, results indicated that HGF were vulnerable to the test the dental cement. The highest cytotoxicity was observed in ZOE, followed by ZP, GIC, and RU200.
Topics: Humans; Dental Cements; Fibroblasts; Gingiva; Dental Implants; Time Factors; Cell Proliferation; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Materials Testing
PubMed: 38826571
DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.140071.2 -
Journal of Dentistry Nov 2022In most clinical circumstances, secondary caries at the margin of fixed dental restorations leads to restoration failure and replacement. Accordingly, the objectives of...
OBJECTIVE
In most clinical circumstances, secondary caries at the margin of fixed dental restorations leads to restoration failure and replacement. Accordingly, the objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a novel rechargeable nano-calcium phosphate (NACP) and nano-calcium fluoride (nCaF) resin-based cement; and (2) investigate their mechanical properties and calcium (Ca), phosphate (P), and fluoride (F) ion release, recharge, and re-release for the first time.
METHODS
The cement matrix consisted of pyromellitic glycerol dimethacrylate (PMGDM), ethoxylated bisphenol-A-dimethacrylate (EBPADMA) was denoted PEHB. Four cements were fabricated: (1) PEHB+0%NACP+0%nCaF (experimental control); (2) PEHB+25%NACP+0%nCaF, (3) PEHB+0%NACP+25%nCaF; (4) PEHB+12.5%NACP+12.5% nCaF. RelyX luting cement was used as a commercial control. Mechanical properties and long-term Ca, P, and F ion release, recharge, and re-release were evaluated.
RESULTS
Adding 25% NACP, 25% nCaF and adding both 12.5% NACP and 12.5% nCaF to the cement matrix presented a significantly higher shear bond strength, flexural strength compared to the commercial control (p < 0.05) with a comparable outcome with no significant different (p > 0.05) compared to experimental control. The film thickness results of all cement groups met the ISO requirement (<50 µm). The resin cement group with both 12.5% NACP and 12.5% nCaF successfully released Ca, P, and F ions at 3.1 ± 0.01, 1.1 ± 0.05, and 0.51±0.01 mmol/L respectively. Moreover, it showed the ability to re-release Ca, P, and F ions at 0.62±0.01, 0.12±0.01, and 0.42±0.01 mmol/L respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
The resin cement group with both 12.5% NACP and 12.5% nCaF demonstrated the advantages of both types of bio-interactive fillers as it could release a higher level of ions than the resin cement with 25%nCAF and exhibited a better rechargeability compared to the resin cement with 25%NACP.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The ability of this novel resin-based cement to release, recharge, and re-release Ca, P, and F ions could be one of the keys to lengthening the survivability of fixed dental restorations. These features could help to reduce the onset of secondary caries by enhancing the remineralization and preventing the demineralization of tooth structures.
Topics: Humans; Resin Cements; Fluorides; Calcium Fluoride; Glycerol; Calcium Phosphates; Methacrylates; Dental Cements; Dental Materials; Dental Caries; Biofilms; Anti-Bacterial Agents
PubMed: 36184005
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104312 -
The Journal of Adhesive Dentistry Nov 2023To investigate the bonding performance of three universal adhesives (UAs) to dentin and the effect of different curing modes and hydrofluoric-acid (HF) etching of...
PURPOSE
To investigate the bonding performance of three universal adhesives (UAs) to dentin and the effect of different curing modes and hydrofluoric-acid (HF) etching of lithium-disilicate glass-ceramic on the adhesive performance of two UA/composite cement (CC) combinations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
In the first project part, the immediate and aged (25k and 50k thermocycles) microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of the two light-curing UAs G2-Bond Universal (G2B; GC) and Scotchbond Universal Plus (SBUp; 3M Oral Care), and the self-curing UA Tokuyama Universal Bond II (TUBII; Tokuyama) to flat dentin was measured, when applied in both E&R and SE bonding mode using a split-tooth design (n = 10). The resultant adhesive-dentin interfaces were characterized using TEM. In the second project part, CAD/CAM composite blocks were luted to flat dentin with either Scotchbond Universal Plus/RelyX Universal (SBUp/RxU; 3M Oral Care) or Tokuyama Universal Bond II/Estecem II Plus (TUBII/ECIIp; Tokuyama Dental) using different curing modes (AA mode: auto-curing of both adhesive and cement; AL mode: auto-curing of adhesive and light-curing of cement), upon which their immediate and aged (25k and 50k thermocycles) µTBS was measured. In the third project part, the same UA/CC combinations were luted to CAD/CAM glass-ceramic to measure their immediate and aged (6-month water storage) shear bond strength (SBS).
RESULTS
In E&R bonding mode, the performance of G2B, SBUp and TUBII was not significantly different in terms of µTBS, while G2B and SBUp significantly outperformed TUBII in SE bonding mode. No significant difference in µTBS was found between the SBUp/RxU and TUBII/ECIIp UA/CC combinations, regardless of bonding mode, aging time, or curing mode. The cement-curing mode did not significantly influence µTBS, while a significantly higher µTBS was recorded for the UA/CC combinations applied in E&R bonding mode. HF significantly improved the SBS of the UA/CC combinations to glass-ceramic.
CONCLUSION
The self-curing adhesive performed better when applied in E&R than in SE bonding mode. The curing mode did not influence the adhesive performance of the composite cements, while an E&R bonding mode rendered more favorable adhesion in a self-curing luting protocol. When bonding to glass-ceramic, the adhesive performance of the universal adhesive/composite cement combinations benefited from HF etching.
Topics: Dental Cements; Resin Cements; Dental Bonding; Glass Ionomer Cements; Materials Testing; Tensile Strength; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Adhesives; Dentin
PubMed: 37975313
DOI: 10.3290/j.jad.b4646953