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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Feb 2021Although several natural plants and mixtures have been known and used over the centuries for their antibacterial activity, few have been thoroughly explored in the field...
Although several natural plants and mixtures have been known and used over the centuries for their antibacterial activity, few have been thoroughly explored in the field of dentistry. Thus, the aim of this study was to enhance the antimicrobial activity of a conventional glass ionomer cement (GIC) with natural plant extracts. The effect of this alteration on the bond strength and film thickness of glass ionomer cement was evaluated and related to an 0.5% chlorohexidine modified GIC. Olive leaves , Fig tree (, and the leaves and roots of Miswak ( were used to prepare an alcoholic extract mixture. The prepared extract mixture after the evaporation of the solvent was used to modify a freeze-dried glass ionomer cement at three different extracts: water mass ratios 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1. An 0.5% chlorhexidine diacetate powder was added to a conventional GIC for the preparation of a positive control group (CHX-GIC) for comparison. The bond strength to dentine was assessed using a material-testing machine at a cross head speed of 0.5 mm/min. Failure mode was analyzed using a stereomicroscope at 12× magnification. The cement film thickness was evaluated in accordance with ISO standard 9917-1. The minimum number of samples in each group was = 10. Statistical analysis was performed using a Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's post hoc test for pairwise comparison. There was a statistically insignificant difference between the median shear bond strength ( = 0.046) of the control group (M = 3.4 MPa), and each of the CHX-GIC (M = 1.7 MPa), and the three plant modified groups of 1:2, 1:1, 2:1 (M = 5.1, 3.2, and 4.3 MPa, respectively). The CHX-GIC group showed statistically significant lower median values compared to the three plant-modified groups. Mixed and cohesive failure modes were predominant among all the tested groups. All the tested groups ( < 0.001) met the ISO standard of having less than 25 µm film thickness, with the 2:1 group (M = 24 µm) being statistically the highest among all the other groups. The plant extracts did not alter either the shear bond strength or the film thickness of the GIC and thus might represent a promising additive to GICs.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Chlorhexidine; Dental Cements; Dentin; Ficus; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Materials Testing; Olea; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Salvadoraceae; Shear Strength; Surface Properties
PubMed: 33652887
DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051276 -
Odontology Oct 2023This systematic review evaluated the effects of nano-sized cement particles on the properties of calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs). Using defined keywords, a... (Review)
Review
This systematic review evaluated the effects of nano-sized cement particles on the properties of calcium silicate-based cements (CSCs). Using defined keywords, a literature search was conducted to identify studies that investigated properties of nano-calcium silicate-based cements (NCSCs). A total of 17 studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Results indicated that NCSC formulations have favourable physical (setting time, pH and solubility), mechanical (push out bond strength, compressive strength and indentation hardness) and biological (bone regeneration and foreign body reaction) properties compared with commonly used CSCs. However, the characterization and verification for the nano-particle size of NCSCs were deficient in some studies. Furthermore, the nanosizing was not limited to the cement particles and a number of additives were present. In conclusion, the evidence available for the properties of CSC particles in the nano-range is deficient-such properties could be a result of additives which may have enhanced the properties of the material.
Topics: Oxides; Materials Testing; Calcium Compounds; Silicates; Dental Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements; Drug Combinations
PubMed: 36864211
DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00786-0 -
The International Journal of Esthetic... Jul 2023The present study aimed to evaluate the retention strength of nonretentive zirconia occlusal veneers bonded to different bonding surfaces (enamel, enamel and dentin, and...
AIM
The present study aimed to evaluate the retention strength of nonretentive zirconia occlusal veneers bonded to different bonding surfaces (enamel, enamel and dentin, and enamel with composite filling) using two adhesive resin cement systems that use either organophosphate carboxylic acid or organophosphate monomers as a ceramic primer.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Sixty extracted mandibular molars were prepared to receive occlusal veneers as follows (n = 20): 1-mm reduction within enamel; 2-mm reduction within enamel and dentin; 1-mm reduction within enamel with composite filling. Each occlusal veneer was designed with an occlusal bar to aid in the retention test, then milled from a zirconia block, and sintered. Within each group, the zirconia occlusal veneers were bonded using either Duo-Link Universal or Panavia V5 (10 specimens each). All specimens were thermocycled for 5000 cycles. After the pull-off test, the retention strength was calculated for each specimen. Each specimen was examined under magnification to determine its mode of failure. Representative specimens were examined using a scanning electron microscope. Data were analyzed using the two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey HSD tests (P = 0.05).
RESULTS
Both bonding substrate and cement type had a significant influence on retention strength values (P < 0.05). The two-way ANOVA showed a significant interaction between bonding substrate and cement type (P = 0.003). There were significant differences in the retention strength between the cements in both the enamel and enamel and dentin substrates (P < 0.05), but no significant difference between the cements in the enamel with composite filling substrate (P > 0.05). The predominant mode of failure was cement remaining principally in the restoration surface (adhesive failure), followed by cement adhesion to both the tooth and the restoration surface (mixed failure).
CONCLUSIONS
Among the studied substrates, enamel was the optimal dental bonding surface. However, bonding to dentin was not a limiting factor for the retention of zirconia occlusal veneers. The resin cement using an organophosphate (Panavia V5) provided superior retention strength compared with the cement using organophosphate carboxylic acid monomer (Duo-Link Universal).
Topics: Humans; Resin Cements; Surface Properties; Dental Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements; Organophosphates; Materials Testing; Dental Bonding; Dental Stress Analysis
PubMed: 37462381
DOI: No ID Found -
International Journal of Computerized... Nov 2023The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of cement gap and drill offset on the marginal and internal fit discrepancies of crowns designed with different...
AIM
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of cement gap and drill offset on the marginal and internal fit discrepancies of crowns designed with different tooth preparations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Five tooth preparations were constructed, and crowns with different cement gaps and drill offsets were obtained. Then, best-fit alignment was performed on the crowns with the corresponding tooth preparations, and the fit discrepancies were expressed by color-coded difference images and root mean square (RMS) values. The RMS values of each group were analyzed by the rank-based Scheirer-Ray-Hare test (α = 0.05).
RESULTS
The color segments in the sharp line angles area of the Sharp line angles group changed significantly before and after the drill offset. The cement gap had a significant effect on the marginal, internal, or overall fit discrepancies of the five design groups (P < 0.001), while the drill offset had a significant effect on the marginal fit discrepancies of the Shoulder-lip group and the internal or overall fit discrepancies of the Sharp line angles group (P < 0.001). Additionally, the interaction effect between cement gap and drill offset was significant for the marginal fit discrepancies of the Shoulder-lip group and the internal or overall fit discrepancies of the Sharp line angles group (P < 0.01).
CONCLUSIONS
The cement gap and drill offset had a significant adverse effect on the marginal or internal fit discrepancies of the crowns designed with the shoulder-lip and sharp line angles designs. Tooth preparation designs with intense curvature changes such as shoulder-lip and sharp line angles should be avoided clinically.
Topics: Humans; Dental Cements; Crowns; Glass Ionomer Cements; Tooth Preparation; Tooth Preparation, Prosthodontic; Dental Prosthesis Design; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Marginal Adaptation; Dental Porcelain
PubMed: 36749283
DOI: 10.3290/j.ijcd.b3839037 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Oct 2022Although the 2D analysis of prosthesis cementation space has been popular, its correlation with volumetric comparison (3D data) of cement space is unclear.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Although the 2D analysis of prosthesis cementation space has been popular, its correlation with volumetric comparison (3D data) of cement space is unclear.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the cement space in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) crowns of different materials and correlate 2D measurements of cement space with their corresponding 3D values (volume of cement space) by using microcomputed tomography (μCT) analysis of regions of interest.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Ten molar crowns were milled in lithium disilicate (LD), resin nanoceramic (RN), and zirconia (Z) ceramics. Silicone replicas were produced and used as the analog cement layer and scanned with a desktop X-ray microfocus CT scanner. Twenty-eight slices were evaluated in 3 regions: marginal, axial, and occlusal (n=84 measurement points/specimen). After 3D reconstruction of the cement space, the volume was calculated. Data were statistically evaluated through 2-way ANOVA and Bonferroni test (α=.05). The Pearson correlation test was used to investigate the correlation between the 2D and 3D data.
RESULTS
The volumes of the occlusal (LD 10 ±1 mm; RN 9 ±1 mm) and axial regions (LD 9 ±2 mm; RN 8 ±1 mm) were significantly higher than the volume of the marginal region for LD and RN specimens (LD 6 ±2 mm; RN 4 ±1 mm) (both P<.001). For the Z group, the axial region had the highest volume (19 ±2 mm), followed by the volumes of the occlusal (15 ±1 mm) and marginal regions (12 ±1 mm). The Pearson correlation test determined a moderate positive correlation of the marginal area (r=0.606, P<.001) and of the axial region (r=0.588, P<.001). However, a moderate negative correlation was found between volume and thickness of the occlusal area (r=-0.437, P=.016).
CONCLUSIONS
Z showed more volume of cement space, as well as thicker cement space than LD and RN. The μCT analysis is an efficient method of analyzing cement thickness and volume in ceramic crowns at the selected regions of interest. A moderate positive correlation was found between the 2D and 3D analyses for the axial and marginal regions of ceramic crowns.
Topics: Dental Marginal Adaptation; Dental Prosthesis Design; X-Ray Microtomography; Crowns; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Porcelain; Dental Materials; Ceramics; Dental Cements; Glass Ionomer Cements
PubMed: 33750574
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.08.051 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Apr 2021Dental cements that release monomers that negatively impact adjacent oral soft tissues may adversely affect clinical outcomes. However, in vitro studies evaluating the...
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Dental cements that release monomers that negatively impact adjacent oral soft tissues may adversely affect clinical outcomes. However, in vitro studies evaluating the cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of substances released from dental cements are lacking.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this in vitro study was to define and compare the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of the eluates of a self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX Unicem 2 Automix) autopolymerized and light polymerized with 2 other types of luting cements: a glass ionomer cement (Ketac Cem Easymix) and a resin-modified glass ionomer cement (Ketac Cem Plus).
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The eluates were prepared, and 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells were exposed for 24 hours to serial eluate dilutions of the 3 types of cement. Cytotoxicity was determined by using a cell viability assessment through 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and crystal violet assays. Genotoxic effects were determined by using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay.
RESULTS
Cell viability was higher in the presence of the glass ionomer cement eluate than of the resin-modified glass ionomer cement and resin cement eluates. A pronounced decrease in viability was found when the cells were exposed to undiluted samples of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (around 50%) or resin cement (around 80% to 90%). No significant difference in cell viability was found between autopolymerized and light-polymerized resin cements. All cements induced a dose-dependent response of mononucleated cell formation. However, only the resin cements showed double strand breaks significant differences in the deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecules against the basal DNA lesions that occurred spontaneously.
CONCLUSIONS
The glass ionomer cement was not found to be cytotoxic or genotoxic, whereas the eluates derived from the resin-modified glass ionomer cement and resin cement, independently of the polymerization method, were cytotoxic in fibroblast cells. Maximum cytotoxicity was observed in the presence of resin cement, which also showed genotoxicity, independently of being light polymerized.
Topics: Animals; Composite Resins; Dental Cements; Fibroblasts; Glass Ionomer Cements; Materials Testing; Mice; Resin Cements
PubMed: 33597080
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.01.002 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry May 2022Screw- and cement-retained prostheses (SCRPs) may be contaminated during fabrication in a dental laboratory, leading to mechanical and biological complications related... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Screw- and cement-retained prostheses (SCRPs) may be contaminated during fabrication in a dental laboratory, leading to mechanical and biological complications related to the implant treatment. Studies that explored methods to efficiently and conveniently clean and disinfect SCRPs are sparse.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this clinical study was to compare the efficiency of 3 methods to remove contaminants and microorganisms present on the surface of an SCRP.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Forty-eight 1-unit SCRPs fabricated in a dental laboratory were randomly divided into 3 groups: wiping, soaking, or ultrasonic cleaning. The presence of contaminants was determined by scanning electron microscopy, and microbial cells were cultured before and after treatment. Bacterial colony-forming units (CFUs) on the surface of the SCRPs and contamination density at the implant-abutment interface and emergence profile area were assessed. Statistical tests including ANCOVA were used to compare the efficiency of different methods before and after treatment (α=.05).
RESULTS
Significant differences in contamination density were noted during the treatment at the implant-abutment interface and at the emergence profile area in the 3 groups (P<.05), but no significant differences were observed in the number of CFUs (P>.05). There were significant differences among the 3 methods for cleaning efficiency both at the implant-abutment interface (P=.023) and the emergence profile area (P=.038). At the implant-abutment interface, the contamination density after treatment was lower in the ultrasonic cleaning group than that in the soaking group (P=.007), whereas at the emergence profile area, the contamination density after treatment was lower in the ultrasonic cleaning group than that in the wiping group (P=.019) and the soaking group (P=.048).
CONCLUSIONS
All 3 treatment methods reduced contaminants on the SCRP surface, but ultrasonic cleaning yielded the most favorable results. However, none of the methods provided additional disinfection for SCRPs previously disinfected by ozone and UV in a dental laboratory.
Topics: Bone Screws; Dental Abutments; Dental Cements; Dental Implant-Abutment Design; Dental Implants; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis, Implant-Supported; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans
PubMed: 33454114
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.10.029 -
Influence of inorganic nanoparticles on dental materials' mechanical properties. A narrative review.BMC Oral Health Nov 2023Inorganic nanoparticles have been widely incorporated in conventional dental materials to help in improving their properties. The literature has shown that incorporating... (Review)
Review
Inorganic nanoparticles have been widely incorporated in conventional dental materials to help in improving their properties. The literature has shown that incorporating nanoparticles in dental materials in different specialties could have a positive effect on reinforcing the mechanical properties of those materials; however, there was no consensus on the effectiveness of using nanoparticles in enhancing the mechanical properties of dental materials, due to the variety of the properties of nanoparticles itself and their effect on the mechanical properties. This article attempted to analytically review all the studies that assessed the effect of different types of inorganic nanoparticles on the most commonly used dental materials in dental specialties such as polymethyl methacrylate, glass ionomer cement, resin composite, resin adhesive, orthodontic adhesive, and endodontic sealer. The results had shown that those inorganic nanoparticles demonstrated positive potential in improving those mechanical properties in most of the dental materials studied. That potential was attributed to the ultra-small sizes and unique physical and chemical qualities that those inorganic nanoparticles possess, together with the significant surface area to volume ratio. It was concluded from this comprehensive analysis that while a definitive recommendation cannot be provided due to the variety of nanoparticle types, shapes, and incorporated dental material, the consensus suggests using nanoparticles in low concentrations less than 1% by weight along with a silane coupling agent to minimize agglomeration issues and benefit from their properties.
Topics: Humans; Dental Cements; Dental Bonding; Resin Cements; Composite Resins; Glass Ionomer Cements; Nanoparticles; Materials Testing; Surface Properties; Stress, Mechanical; Dental Materials
PubMed: 37990196
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03652-1 -
Acta Odontologica Latinoamericana : AOL Dec 2021This study evaluated the influence of resin cements and glass ionomers on tensile strength and types of failure of zirconia copings cemented on titanium base abutments....
This study evaluated the influence of resin cements and glass ionomers on tensile strength and types of failure of zirconia copings cemented on titanium base abutments. Forty-two samples were prepared, which were formed by a Cone Morse implant, a titanium abutment with the fixing screw, and a zirconia structure made using a CAD/CAM system. The samples (n = 42) were randomly distributed according to the cementing agent: resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RelyX Luting 2), self-adhesive resin cement (RelyX U200), and self-curing resin cement (Multilink N). After cementation of the copings, half of the samples from each group (n = 7) were randomly selected and subjected to thermocycling (5000 cycles). A tensile load test was performed on a universal testing machine until failure occurred (1 mm). In addition, the type of failure was analyzed using the two-way analysis of variance test and Tukey's post-hoc test (α = 0.05). Lower tensile load was observed for the glass ionomer cement (p < 0.001) regardless of the evaluation period. After thermocycling, a significant reduction in tensile load values was verified for both evaluated cements (p = 0.047). For the resin cements, failures were predominantly of the screw fracture type (82.1%) already with the use of glass ionomer cement, and 28.5% of the failures were of an adhesive type between the zirconia coping and the cement. Resin cements have better stability under tensile load compared to resin glass ionomers when cementing zirconia copings on titanium base abutments.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Cementation; Dental Cements; Dental Prosthesis Retention; Dental Stress Analysis; Glass Ionomer Cements; Materials Testing; Resin Cements; Surface Properties; Zirconium
PubMed: 35088807
DOI: 10.54589/aol.34/3/214 -
Stomatologiia 2022External cervical tooth root resorption is one of the most aggressive types of pathological resorption. Due to the uncontrolled growth of resorptive tissue, irreversible...
External cervical tooth root resorption is one of the most aggressive types of pathological resorption. Due to the uncontrolled growth of resorptive tissue, irreversible loss of dentin and cement occurs. To date, there is no common position regarding the etiological factor and pathogenesis of invasive cervical resorption. The histological picture is similar to some fibro-bone lesions. The treatment outcome of the pathology is difficult to predict because elimination of the causative factor is often not sufficient for resorption arrest. Only the complete elimination of resorptive tissue helps to stop the process. The report describes a clinical case of a successful treatment of invasive cervical resorption of dental hard tissues.
Topics: Dental Cements; Dental Materials; Glass Ionomer Cements; Humans; Root Resorption; Tooth Root
PubMed: 35184538
DOI: 10.17116/stomat202210101173