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International Journal of Environmental... Dec 2022There is a global increase in the older population. Unfortunately, dental conditions in the older population can sometimes be poor as a result of worsened physical...
There is a global increase in the older population. Unfortunately, dental conditions in the older population can sometimes be poor as a result of worsened physical conditions and the cumulative damage caused by dental diseases in the past. Many suffer from oral diseases such as dental caries and periodontal disease but receive no regular dental care. Oral conditions and systemic problems are interrelated. Chronic medical problems and polypharmacy are common among them. These conditions may lead to xerostomia with or without a decrease in saliva output. Additionally, many older adults have deteriorated masticatory function associated with physical health issues such as frailty. Preventive measures are crucial to stop oral diseases from progressing and the replacement of missing teeth is needed when masticatory function is impaired. Older adults also suffer a higher risk of oral cancer because of their less resilient but more permeable oral mucosa. With the increasing need for elderly dental care, dentists should equip themselves with knowledge and skills in geriatric dentistry. They should help older adults to develop and maintain the functional ability that enables well-being in older age. This communication article aims to discuss the relevant medical conditions, common dental diseases, and dental care for older adults.
Topics: Humans; Aged; Oral Health; Dental Caries; Mouth Diseases; Periodontal Diseases; Dental Care
PubMed: 36612536
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010214 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Dec 2020Radiography is an important imaging modality and is available to most equine veterinarians providing primary care. Diagnostic radiographic imaging of the equine skull... (Review)
Review
Radiography is an important imaging modality and is available to most equine veterinarians providing primary care. Diagnostic radiographic imaging of the equine skull and dentition requires careful positioning and technique. This article is aimed at providing the veterinarian with instructions and guidelines for obtaining diagnostic skull and dental radiographs and a discussion of the radiographic signs of dental disease with case-based examples. The limitations of radiography are discussed with regard to determining the need for adjunct diagnostic techniques and more advanced imaging techniques, such as computed tomography.
Topics: Animals; Horse Diseases; Horses; Radiography, Dental; Radiography, Dental, Digital; Stomatognathic Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33067094
DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2020.08.001 -
Cell Biology International Jan 2022Wnts include more than 19 types of secreted glycoproteins that are involved in a wide range of pathological processes in oral and maxillofacial diseases. The... (Review)
Review
Wnts include more than 19 types of secreted glycoproteins that are involved in a wide range of pathological processes in oral and maxillofacial diseases. The transmission of Wnt signalling from the extracellular matrix into the nucleus includes canonical pathways and noncanonical pathways, which play an important role in tooth development, alveolar bone regeneration, and related diseases. In recent years, with the in-depth study of Wnt signalling in oral and maxillofacial-related diseases, many new conclusions and perspectives have been reached, and there are also some controversies. This article aims to summarise the roles of Wnt signalling in various oral diseases, including periodontitis, dental pulp disease, jaw disease, cleft palate, and abnormal tooth development, to provide researchers with a better and more comprehensive understanding of Wnts in oral and maxillofacial diseases.
Topics: Animals; Dental Caries; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Mouth; Odontogenesis; Periapical Periodontitis; Periodontal Diseases; Pulpitis; Temporomandibular Joint Dysfunction Syndrome; Tooth Diseases; Wnt Proteins; Wnt Signaling Pathway
PubMed: 34643311
DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11708 -
British Dental Journal Jan 2023Background and aim Dental tourism, which reflects the provision of health care services abroad, also includes a travelling component. Air travel after dental...
Background and aim Dental tourism, which reflects the provision of health care services abroad, also includes a travelling component. Air travel after dental intervention may cause barotrauma and barodontalgia. This paper aimed to provide guiding principles regarding the minimal time interval between dental procedures and air travel to prevent these adverse effects.Methods A literature search was performed to reveal information with regards to complications related to flights following dental treatments. There is little research in this area and most of it has been conducted on the military aircrew population, which has different characteristics of flight and personnel than civilian commercial flights.Results The recommended time of flying is one week after most dental intervention and six weeks after a sinus lift procedure. The minimal time required between a procedure and flight is 24 hours after restorative treatment, 24-48 hours after simple extraction, 72 hours after nonsurgical endodontic procedure, surgical extraction, and implant placement, and at least two weeks after sinus lift procedure.Conclusions The provided guidelines may serve as a starting point for the clinician's decision-making. The tailoring of an individual treatment plan to the patient should take into consideration the patient's condition, dental procedure, complications and flight characteristics. Further research based on commercial flights is needed to formulate more accurate guidelines for the civilian population.
Topics: Humans; Aerospace Medicine; Barotrauma; Diving; Toothache; Dental Caries; Stomatognathic Diseases; Medical Tourism; Atmospheric Pressure
PubMed: 36707585
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-5449-x -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Dec 2020Computed tomography (CT) has revolutionized the veterinarian's ability to image the equine skull and led to improved diagnostic accuracy and clarity for surgical... (Review)
Review
Computed tomography (CT) has revolutionized the veterinarian's ability to image the equine skull and led to improved diagnostic accuracy and clarity for surgical planning. The increased cost for this evaluation is offset by more accurate diagnosis and targeted therapy. As novel technology is developed that allows for increased availability of equine head, the price will continue to decrease and more examinations will be performed. New skills are needed for the veterinarian to accurately interpret this modality. This article reviews the normal CT appearance of the equine skull and presents examples and key features of several common diseases.
Topics: Animals; Horse Diseases; Horses; Sinusitis; Skull; Stomatognathic Diseases; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33067100
DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2020.08.007 -
Caries Research 2022Dental caries is an endogenous microbial community-based disease resulting from an ecological shift from dynamic stability to metabolic imbalance in a consortium of...
Dental caries is an endogenous microbial community-based disease resulting from an ecological shift from dynamic stability to metabolic imbalance in a consortium of acidogenic and aciduric bacteria comprising the dental plaque biofilm. Participants were members of the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study, a longitudinal investigation of health and behaviour in a cohort born in Dunedin, New Zealand. Oral biofilm samples (collected at age 32 years) from anterior labial supragingival, posterior lingual supragingival, posterior subgingival, and the dorsum of the tongue habitats for 841 participants were analysed using checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridisation (CKB), focussing on 30 ecologically significant bacteria. Associations of CKB data with dental caries at ages 32 and 45 years were assessed using regression modelling, adjusting for potential confounders including sex, xerostomia, and oral hygiene. The putative periodontitis pathobiont Tannerella forsythia (in the anterior supragingival biofilm) was associated with untreated caries at age 32 years. The percentage of total summed cell number counts for two putative periodontitis-associated species (T. forsythia and Micromonas micros) was associated with greater caries experience at age 32 years and the development of new caries between age 32 and 45 years. Additionally, severe caries (3 + cavities) was associated with putative caries pathobionts (Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus plantarum), periodontitis-associated species, and commensals (M. micros, Campylobacter rectus, Streptococcus mitis biovar I, Streptococcus mitis biovar II) in the subgingival biofilm. Participants with sustained poor oral hygiene through age 32 years not only had greater experience of caries by that age than those with good oral hygiene (fully adjusted incidence risk ratio = 5.10, 95% CI: 3.30, 7.89) but also experienced greater incidence of new caries from age 32 to 45 years (incidence risk ratio = 3.69, 95% CI: 2.62, 5.20). These findings provide evidence in support of the extended caries ecological plaque hypotheses, the polymicrobial aetiology of caries, and the integrated aetiology of dental caries and periodontal diseases. They also underscore the roles of poor oral self-care (particularly over the life course) and xerostomia in the occurrence and progression of caries.
Topics: Humans; Adult; Dental Caries; Dental Plaque; Bacteria; Periodontitis; Biofilms; Xerostomia; DNA
PubMed: 36273463
DOI: 10.1159/000527255 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Dec 2020Equine dentistry has been practiced for almost 3000 years, making it one of the oldest areas of equine health care. Progress has been slow and mirrored changes seen in... (Review)
Review
Equine dentistry has been practiced for almost 3000 years, making it one of the oldest areas of equine health care. Progress has been slow and mirrored changes seen in human medical care. Many horsemen practiced equine dentistry during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Most of what was known then concentrated on sharp enamel points and abnormal dental occlusal wear. This changed slowly in the late twentieth century as research in equine dentistry increased. Today, veterinarians performing equine dentistry focus on detailed oral examination and base treatment for proper diagnosis of orthodontic, endodontic, periodontal, or other forms of dental disease.
Topics: Animals; Dentistry; History of Dentistry; History, 16th Century; History, 17th Century; History, 18th Century; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Horse Diseases; Horses; Humans; Tooth Diseases
PubMed: 33189230
DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2020.08.012 -
Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces Sep 2023Exosomes are produced by all the cells and exist in all body fluids. They have been regarded as potentially promising to diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic bioactive... (Review)
Review
Exosomes are produced by all the cells and exist in all body fluids. They have been regarded as potentially promising to diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic bioactive mediators since they transport DNA, RNA and protein information from cell to cell. Herein, we summarized the recent research about exosomes from gingival crevicular fluid, saliva and serum used as diagnostic markers in periodontitis and dental caries. Moreover, we highlighted the mechanisms of exosomes in dental pulp regeneration and periodontal regeneration, as well as the technological innovation of exosome delivery methods in oral disease. In the end, this review discussed the advantages and future challenges of exosomes in real clinical applications.
Topics: Humans; Exosomes; Dental Caries; Dental Pulp; Regeneration; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37451223
DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113429 -
Journal of Veterinary Dentistry Dec 2022Dental pathology is among the most ubiquitous diseases in cats of all ages. Dental pain is yet to be fully understood in cats and therefore its presence is often missed.... (Review)
Review
Dental pathology is among the most ubiquitous diseases in cats of all ages. Dental pain is yet to be fully understood in cats and therefore its presence is often missed. To better understand feline dental disease as a pain trigger during routine examination and whether disease severity correlates to the degree of pain, a 6-month prospective study in a cats' only veterinary hospital in Portugal was conducted. Sixty-four cats that randomly presented for different clinical procedures were evaluated. Dental and periodontal abnormalities (primary dental parameters, PDP), as well as clinical signs related to dental pain (secondary dental parameters, SDP), were assessed. All cats underwent an oral cavity examination, upon which, the Feline Acute Pain Scale from Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CPS), was used in order to assess pain. Six PDP (periodontal disease, gingival index, calculus index, tooth resorption, tooth fracture and missing teeth) and five SDP (mouth discomfort, halitosis, hypersalivation, difficulty in holding food and several attempts at prehension of food), were compared with CPS pain scores. All SDP were significantly associated to higher CPS pain scores (p < 0.05). The number of missing teeth was significantly associated to higher CPS pain scores (p < 0.0001). A trend was observed between higher CPS pain scores and tooth resorption (p = 0.08). This study concluded that cats with dental disease feel pain during clinical examination and the pain increases as the severity of the disease progresses.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Prospective Studies; Hospitals, Animal; Hospitals, Teaching; Periodontal Diseases; Tooth Resorption; Pain; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 35603830
DOI: 10.1177/08987564221103142 -
Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology Oct 2020This critical review discusses the clinical challenges for patient-specific and indication-oriented dentomaxillofacial cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Large... (Review)
Review
This critical review discusses the clinical challenges for patient-specific and indication-oriented dentomaxillofacial cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Large variations among units and protocols may lead to variable degrees of diagnostic and three-dimensional model accuracy, impacting both specific diagnostic tasks and treatment planning. Particular indications, whether diagnostic or therapeutic, may give rise to very specific challenges with regard to CBCT unit and parameter setup, considering the required image quality, segmentation accuracy, and artifact level. Considering that dental materials are in the field of view needed for diagnosis or treatment planning, artifact expression is a dominant factor in proper CBCT selection. The heterogeneity of dental CBCT units and performances may highly impact the scientific results. Thus research findings cannot be simply generalized as published evidence, and a demonstrated clinical applicability for a specific indication should not be simply extrapolated from one CBCT unit to another.
Topics: Artifacts; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Humans; Radiography, Dental; Stomatognathic Diseases
PubMed: 33036036
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709428