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Journal of Veterinary Dentistry Dec 2022Dental pathology is among the most ubiquitous diseases in cats of all ages. Dental pain is yet to be fully understood in cats and therefore its presence is often missed.... (Review)
Review
Dental pathology is among the most ubiquitous diseases in cats of all ages. Dental pain is yet to be fully understood in cats and therefore its presence is often missed. To better understand feline dental disease as a pain trigger during routine examination and whether disease severity correlates to the degree of pain, a 6-month prospective study in a cats' only veterinary hospital in Portugal was conducted. Sixty-four cats that randomly presented for different clinical procedures were evaluated. Dental and periodontal abnormalities (primary dental parameters, PDP), as well as clinical signs related to dental pain (secondary dental parameters, SDP), were assessed. All cats underwent an oral cavity examination, upon which, the Feline Acute Pain Scale from Colorado State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital (CPS), was used in order to assess pain. Six PDP (periodontal disease, gingival index, calculus index, tooth resorption, tooth fracture and missing teeth) and five SDP (mouth discomfort, halitosis, hypersalivation, difficulty in holding food and several attempts at prehension of food), were compared with CPS pain scores. All SDP were significantly associated to higher CPS pain scores (p < 0.05). The number of missing teeth was significantly associated to higher CPS pain scores (p < 0.0001). A trend was observed between higher CPS pain scores and tooth resorption (p = 0.08). This study concluded that cats with dental disease feel pain during clinical examination and the pain increases as the severity of the disease progresses.
Topics: Cats; Animals; Prospective Studies; Hospitals, Animal; Hospitals, Teaching; Periodontal Diseases; Tooth Resorption; Pain; Cat Diseases
PubMed: 35603830
DOI: 10.1177/08987564221103142 -
Seminars in Musculoskeletal Radiology Oct 2020This critical review discusses the clinical challenges for patient-specific and indication-oriented dentomaxillofacial cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Large... (Review)
Review
This critical review discusses the clinical challenges for patient-specific and indication-oriented dentomaxillofacial cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Large variations among units and protocols may lead to variable degrees of diagnostic and three-dimensional model accuracy, impacting both specific diagnostic tasks and treatment planning. Particular indications, whether diagnostic or therapeutic, may give rise to very specific challenges with regard to CBCT unit and parameter setup, considering the required image quality, segmentation accuracy, and artifact level. Considering that dental materials are in the field of view needed for diagnosis or treatment planning, artifact expression is a dominant factor in proper CBCT selection. The heterogeneity of dental CBCT units and performances may highly impact the scientific results. Thus research findings cannot be simply generalized as published evidence, and a demonstrated clinical applicability for a specific indication should not be simply extrapolated from one CBCT unit to another.
Topics: Artifacts; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Humans; Radiography, Dental; Stomatognathic Diseases
PubMed: 33036036
DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1709428 -
Odontology Jan 2024Understanding the relationship between a patient's systemic and oral health is key for clinicians. The aim of this study was to determine if there is an association...
Understanding the relationship between a patient's systemic and oral health is key for clinicians. The aim of this study was to determine if there is an association between specific findings in a dental exam, such as class V carious lesions, and the American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) classification as a proxy for systemic health. A retrospective chart review was performed on all patient charts that met inclusion criteria including detailed, complete, and vetted charts obtained over a three-year period in the predoctoral clinic of a United States dental college. Findings recorded at the initial exam included the decayed, missing or filled teeth (DMFT) score, the location of carious lesions and restorations, the presence of periodontal disease, the number of endodontically treated teeth and the number of fractured teeth or restorations. We found no association found between DMFT score and ASA status but did find that ASA I patients had a higher degree of occlusal carious lesions and that ASA III patients were more likely to have interproximal restorations and fractured teeth. We found associations between a greater number of missing teeth and the presence of periodontal disease with worsening ASA status. Our data suggest that ASA classification cannot be used as a reliable predictor for the health of a patient's dentition or the number of cervical caries. However, the data does demonstrate a positive correlation between the number of missing teeth and ASA status, promoting the idea that the number of missing teeth is a crude prognosticator of systemic health. This information can be used by physicians and dentists to help understand the relationships between a patient's dental and systemic health.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Periodontal Diseases; Oral Health; Dental Caries; Tooth Loss; DMF Index
PubMed: 37261608
DOI: 10.1007/s10266-023-00823-y -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Aug 2021Periodontitis is the chronic inflammation of the oral cavity involving the gum, teeth and the supporting bone. Since it appears to have a similar pathophysiology as...
Periodontitis is the chronic inflammation of the oral cavity involving the gum, teeth and the supporting bone. Since it appears to have a similar pathophysiology as other microvascular complications of diabetes it can be considered to be the fourth chronic microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. There is a three-fold increase in risk of periodontal disease among patients with diabetes mellitus. Periodontitis in diabetes is associated with increased myocardial infarctions, strokes and renal related complications, poor glycaemic control and an increase in the risk of dying of cardiorenal causes. However, treatment of periodontal disease has been demonstrated to improve glucose control and reduce inflammatory markers. Improvements in periodontal health among patients with diabetes mellitus can be achieved with better oral health education, oral examination in diabetic clinics during regular visits and annual dental examinations by qualified dentists. Dental treatments for periodontal infections include mechanical disruption of the pathogenic biofilm using scaling and planing, use of systemic antibiotics to treat refractory pathogens and specialized dental surgery in advanced disease.
Topics: Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis
PubMed: 34418040
DOI: No ID Found -
British Dental Journal Mar 2023Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a relatively common condition that occurs in adults and less commonly in children. It develops when the reflux of stomach...
Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a relatively common condition that occurs in adults and less commonly in children. It develops when the reflux of stomach contents into the oesophagus causes troublesome symptoms and/or complications. Signs and symptoms include heartburn, retrosternal discomfort, epigastric pain and hoarseness, dental erosion, chronic cough, burning mouth syndrome, halitosis and laryngitis. A proportion of patients will, however, have silent reflux. Strongly associated risk factors include family history, age, hiatus hernia, obesity and neurological conditions, such as cerebral palsy. There are different treatment options which may be considered for GORD, consisting of conservative, medical and surgical therapy. Dentists should be aware of the symptoms of GORD and dental signs of intrinsic erosion indicative of possible GORD so that they can question patients about this and, if appropriate, initiate a referral to a general medical practitioner.
Topics: Adult; Child; Humans; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Tooth Wear; Risk Factors; Tooth Attrition
PubMed: 36964375
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-023-5677-0 -
Journal of Applied Oral Science :... 2022There are many restrictions on topical medications for the oral cavity. Various factors affect the topical application of drugs in the oral cavity, an open and complex... (Review)
Review
There are many restrictions on topical medications for the oral cavity. Various factors affect the topical application of drugs in the oral cavity, an open and complex environment. The complex physical and chemical environment of the oral cavity, such as saliva and food, will influence the effect of free drugs. Therefore, drug delivery systems have served as supporting structures or as carriers loading active ingredients, such as antimicrobial agents and growth factors (GFs), to promote antibacterial properties, tissue regeneration, and engineering for drug diffusion. These drug delivery systems are considered in the prevention and treatment of dental caries, periodontal disease, periapical disease, the delivery of anesthetic drugs, etc. These carrier materials are designed in different ways for clinical application, including nanoparticles, hydrogels, nanofibers, films, and scaffolds. This review aimed to summarize the advantages and disadvantages of different carrier materials. We discuss synthesis methods and their application scope to provide new perspectives for the development and preparation of more favorable and effective local oral drug delivery systems.
Topics: Dental Caries; Drug Delivery Systems; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Nanofibers; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 35262595
DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2021-0349 -
Journal of the American Medical... Dec 2023To investigate the associations of dental diseases and oral hygiene care with the risk of dementia.
OBJECTIVES
To investigate the associations of dental diseases and oral hygiene care with the risk of dementia.
DESIGN
Retrospective longitudinal cohort study.
SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS
We conducted a population-based study of individuals in the Korean National Health Insurance System. A total of 2,555,618 participants who underwent cardiovascular and dental screenings in 2008 were included.
METHODS
Dental diseases including periodontal diseases, dental caries, and tooth loss were assessed by dentists. Information on oral hygiene care, including professional dental cleaning and the frequency of tooth brushing, was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. Study outcomes were all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease (AD), and vascular dementia (VaD).
RESULTS
Periodontal diseases [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 1.07, 95% CI 1.04-1.09], dental caries (aHR 1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.05), and 8-14 missing teeth (aHR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02-1.12) were associated with an increased risk of all-cause dementia. In contrast, either professional dental cleaning or frequent tooth brushing were associated with decreased risks of all-cause dementia (aHR 0.91, 95% CI 0.89-0.93 each; aHR 0.83, 95% CI 0.80-0.86 for both). The increased risks by dental diseases were reduced by oral hygiene care: periodontal diseases with professional dental cleaning (aHR 0.94, 95% CI 0.91-0.98) or tooth brushing ≥2 times/day (aHR 0.97, 95% CI 0.94-1.00) and 1 to 7 missing teeth with professional dental cleaning (aHR 0.94, 95% CI 0.89-0.98) or tooth brushing ≥2 times/day (aHR 0.92, 95% CI 0.89-0.95). Consistent results were noted for AD and VaD and in various subgroup analyses.
CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS
Periodontal disease, dental caries, and a high number of missing teeth were independently associated with a higher risk of dementia. Conversely, improved oral hygiene care, such as professional dental cleaning and frequent tooth brushing, may modify the risk of dementia associated with dental diseases.
Topics: Humans; Oral Hygiene; Retrospective Studies; Longitudinal Studies; Dental Caries; Periodontal Diseases; Tooth Loss; Dementia
PubMed: 37709259
DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.08.011 -
Scientific Data Jun 2023When dentists see pediatric patients with more complex tooth development than adults during tooth replacement, they need to manually determine the patient's disease with...
When dentists see pediatric patients with more complex tooth development than adults during tooth replacement, they need to manually determine the patient's disease with the help of preoperative dental panoramic radiographs. To the best of our knowledge, there is no international public dataset for children's teeth and only a few datasets for adults' teeth, which limits the development of deep learning algorithms for segmenting teeth and automatically analyzing diseases. Therefore, we collected dental panoramic radiographs and cases from 106 pediatric patients aged 2 to 13 years old, and with the help of the efficient and intelligent interactive segmentation annotation software EISeg (Efficient Interactive Segmentation) and the image annotation software LabelMe. We propose the world's first dataset of children's dental panoramic radiographs for caries segmentation and dental disease detection by segmenting and detecting annotations. In addition, another 93 dental panoramic radiographs of pediatric patients, together with our three internationally published adult dental datasets with a total of 2,692 images, were collected and made into a segmentation dataset suitable for deep learning.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Humans; Algorithms; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Knowledge; Radiography, Panoramic; Stomatognathic Diseases
PubMed: 37316638
DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02237-5 -
Special Care in Dentistry : Official... Jul 2021Dental clearance is typically part of the evaluation process prior to placement on the lung transplant waiting list. Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) are thought to...
AIMS
Dental clearance is typically part of the evaluation process prior to placement on the lung transplant waiting list. Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF) are thought to be at low risk for dental disease. We hypothesized that individuals with CF in need of lung transplantation would have lower dental disease prevalence and shorter waitlist evaluation time than individuals with non-CF lung diseases.
METHODS AND RESULTS
We conducted a retrospective study of individuals who received a lung transplant between 2011 and 2017 at the University of Washington (Seattle, WA, USA) (N = 280). Untreated dental disease was assessed by the individual's dentist. Waitlist evaluation time was defined as the time, in days, from the initial evaluation by a transplant pulmonologist to placement on the lung transplant waiting list. We used logistic and linear regression models for hypothesis testing. The prevalence of untreated dental disease did not differ by CF status (p = 0.99). There was no difference in waitlist evaluation time for transplant recipients by CF status (p = 0.78) or by dental disease status (p = 0.93).
CONCLUSIONS
Our findings provide further evidence that individuals with CF are not at low risk for dental disease. Ensuring optimal oral health is important for all individuals with lung diseases.
Topics: Cystic Fibrosis; Humans; Lung Transplantation; Retrospective Studies; Stomatognathic Diseases; Waiting Lists
PubMed: 33749871
DOI: 10.1111/scd.12586 -
Journal of Oral Pathology & Medicine :... Jul 2020Orofacial pain is a common complaint, with an estimated 75% of cases caused by dental disease, specifically a diseased pulp. A small percentage of orofacial pain cases...
BACKGROUND
Orofacial pain is a common complaint, with an estimated 75% of cases caused by dental disease, specifically a diseased pulp. A small percentage of orofacial pain cases will require specialist referral most commonly to oral medicine specialists or oral and maxillofacial surgeons from a dental perspective, or otolaryngologists or neurologists from a medical perspective.
IMAGING MODALITIES
Following a thorough history and clinical examination, imaging is often required to narrow the differential diagnosis or answer a specific query related to the final diagnosis. A range of imaging modalities can be used to evaluate orofacial pain including dental panoramic tomography (DPT), intraoral radiographs, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), multidetector computed tomography (MDCT), ultrasonography (US), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and nuclear medicine.
IMAGING PROTOCOLS
This paper provides a guideline outlining imaging protocols for categories of facial pain divided into: (a) unilateral odontalgia; (b) unilateral facial pain; (c) combined unilateral odontalgia and facial pain; (d) trigeminal neuralgia; (e) trigeminal neuropathic pain with or without other sensory, autonomic or motor features; (f) temporomandibular joint disorders and associated pain; (g) referred pain and (h) non-specific orofacial pain.
CONCLUSION
Imaging for orofacial pain should be tailored to answer a specific query related to the aetiology of the reported pain. This should result in a specific diagnosis or narrowing of the differential diagnosis as possible causes of orofacial pain are eliminated. Choosing the correct imaging modality and protocol based on the pain category is important for efficient and effective pain diagnosis and management.
Topics: Cone-Beam Computed Tomography; Diagnosis, Differential; Facial Pain; Humans; Physical Examination; Temporomandibular Joint Disorders; Trigeminal Neuralgia
PubMed: 32531821
DOI: 10.1111/jop.13063