-
Journal of Dental Research Mar 2023There have been significant advances in adhesive dentistry in recent decades, with efforts being made to improve the mechanical and bonding properties of resin-based... (Review)
Review
There have been significant advances in adhesive dentistry in recent decades, with efforts being made to improve the mechanical and bonding properties of resin-based dental adhesive materials. Various attempts have been made to achieve versatility, introducing functional monomers and silanes into the materials' composition to enable the chemical reaction with tooth structure and restorative materials and a multimode use. The novel adhesive materials also tend to be simpler in terms of clinical use, requiring reduced number of steps, making them less technique sensitive. However, these materials must also be reliable and have a long-lasting bond with different substrates. In order to fulfill these arduous tasks, different chemical constituents and different techniques are continuously being developed and introduced into dental adhesive materials. This critical review aims to discuss the concepts behind novel monomers, bioactive molecules, and alternative techniques recently implemented in adhesive dentistry. Incorporating monomers that are more resistant to hydrolytic degradation and functional monomers that enhance the micromechanical retention and improve chemical interactions between adhesive resin materials and various substrates improved the performance of adhesive materials. The current trend is to blend bioactive molecules into adhesive materials to enhance the mechanical properties and prevent endogenous enzymatic degradation of the dental substrate, thus ensuring the longevity of resin-dentin bonds. Moreover, alternative etching materials and techniques have been developed to address the drawbacks of phosphoric acid dentin etching. Altogether, we are witnessing a dynamic era in adhesive dentistry, with advancements aiming to bring us closer to simple and reliable bonding. However, simplification and novelty should not be achieved at the expense of material properties.
Topics: Dental Cements; Dental Bonding; Resin Cements; Acid Etching, Dental; Dental Materials; Materials Testing; Dentin-Bonding Agents; Dentin; Composite Resins
PubMed: 36694473
DOI: 10.1177/00220345221145673 -
Journal of Biomedical Materials... Aug 2020This review focuses on the characteristics and applications of biomaterials through the ages, ranging from the prehistoric times to the beginning of the era of modern... (Review)
Review
This review focuses on the characteristics and applications of biomaterials through the ages, ranging from the prehistoric times to the beginning of the era of modern medicine, which has been arbitrarily set to the middle of the 19th century, when aseptic procedures, antiseptic substances and modern anesthetics were developed. After a brief discussion on the definition of "biomaterial" from an historical point of view and a short introduction on the general history of surgery and dentistry, each material or class of materials will be presented with references listed in chronological order and, where possible, with their real, scientifically demonstrated effects on biological tissues. Particular attention has been given to references that are nowadays considered spurious or affected by translation errors or other kinds of biases.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Dental Materials; General Surgery; History of Dentistry; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; History, Ancient; Humans; Prostheses and Implants
PubMed: 32196949
DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36930 -
Dental Materials Journal Jan 2020This review scientifically compares the properties of zirconia and titanium, but does not identify the best among them as an implant material. Surface treatment and... (Review)
Review
This review scientifically compares the properties of zirconia and titanium, but does not identify the best among them as an implant material. Surface treatment and modification to improve tissue bonding and inhibit bacterial adhesion are not considered in this review. The mechanical properties of titanium are superior to those of zirconia; some studies have shown that zirconia can be used as a dental implant, especially as an abutment. Extensive surface treatment research is ongoing to inhibit bacterial adhesion and improve osseointegration and soft tissue adhesion phenomena which make it difficult to evaluate properties of the materials themselves without surface treatment. Osseointegration of titanium is superior to that of zirconia itself without surface treatment; after surface treatment, both materials show comparable osseointegration. The surface morphology is more important for osseointegration than the surface composition. To inhibit bacterial adhesion, zirconia is superior to titanium, and hence, more suitable for abutments. Both materials show similar capability for soft tissue adhesion.
Topics: Dental Abutments; Dental Implants; Dental Materials; Osseointegration; Surface Properties; Titanium; Zirconium
PubMed: 31666488
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-172 -
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... Mar 2020To review materials available in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), their various properties and accuracy are compared to conventional... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
To review materials available in computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), their various properties and accuracy are compared to conventional materials/methods when available.
OVERVIEW
CAD/CAM in dentistry is constantly growing and becoming a user- and patient-friendly technology and service using intraoral scanners and laboratory/chairside milling units to manufacture dental restorations and appliances from multiple materials including wax, metals, composite resins, and ceramics. Properties of these materials may vary when compared to restorations prepared from conventional and additive manufacturing methods. Understanding the differences in these properties is important for material and fabrication method selection. Additive manufacturing is becoming an alternative to subtractive manufacturing in many applications. However, chemical composition, mechanical and physical properties of these materials are still lacking. 3D printed materials require a considerable amount of research and time to prove their clinical efficacy.
CONCLUSION
The current developments in, and possibilities of, CAD/CAM technology is exciting and is transforming restorative dentistry. With all this excitement, it is crucially important to ensure that proper testing and evaluation of the various materials are warranted before making definite claims and decisions to replace conventionally prepared materials.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
CAD/CAM materials are versatile and emerging as the material of choice for many restorations and appliances. For recently introduced CAD/CAM materials, it is important to ensure that proper clinical- and research-based evidence confirming the success and durability of these materials are available before recommending them in patient care.
Topics: Ceramics; Composite Resins; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis Design; Dentistry; Humans; Materials Testing
PubMed: 31943720
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12566 -
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan... Mar 2020Recent advances in the field of endodontics have greatly improved the outcome and success rate of dental materials. For last three decades, there has been great interest... (Review)
Review
Recent advances in the field of endodontics have greatly improved the outcome and success rate of dental materials. For last three decades, there has been great interest in the development of bioactive dental material with the ability to interact and induce surrounding dental tissues to promote regeneration of pulpal and periradicular tissues. As these bioactive materials are mainly based on calcium silicates, they are also referred to as Calcium Silicate materials. The first material introduced was Mineral Tri-oxide Aggregate, which, due to its favourable biological properties, gained importance initially. However, later, due to its drawbacks, liked is colouration, long setting time and difficult manipulation, several modifications were done and newer bioactive materials, such as Biodentine, BioAggregate, Endosequence, Calcium-Enriched Mixture etc., were developed. The main applications of these materials are for pulp capping (direc t/indirec t), pulpotomy, perforation repair, resorption defects, apexogenesis and as retrograde filling materials, apexification and endodontic sealers. This review discusses the various types of bioactive materials, their composition, setting mechanism, and literature evidence for current applications.
Topics: Bone Substitutes; Calcium Compounds; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Materials; Humans; Hydroxyapatites; Regenerative Endodontics; Silicates
PubMed: 32207434
DOI: 10.5455/JPMA.16942 -
Drug Metabolism Reviews May 2020Nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) is a material with multiple uses due to its biocompatibility and its resemblance to the nonorganic bone structure. It is used in various...
Nano-hydroxyapatite (nano-HA) is a material with multiple uses due to its biocompatibility and its resemblance to the nonorganic bone structure. It is used in various dental domains such as implantology, surgery, periodontology, esthetics and prevention. The aim of this study is to provide a wide understanding of nano-HA and to promote treatments based on nanomaterials in dentistry. A search in two data bases, Scopus, and PubMED, was conducted over a 5 years period. We chose a 5 years period because this revealed the most recent published studies with the key words 'nano-HA' and 'dentistry'. A number of 32 studies were included in this systematic review. In implantology the main use of nano-HA was as a coating material for titanium implants and its effect was assessed in the matter of osteointegration and inflammatory response as well as antibacterial activity. In tissue engineering the use of nano-HA was directed to surgery and periodontology and this material was assessed mainly as a grafting material. In esthetics and prevention its use was mainly focused on dentinal hypersensitivity treatment, remineralizing potential and as bleaching co-agent. Nano-HA is a relatively novel material with outstanding physical, chemical, mechanical and biological properties that makes it suitable for multiple interventions. It outperformed most of the classic materials used in implantology and surgery but it should be further investigated for bone engineering and caries therapy.
Topics: Animals; Dental Materials; Dental Prosthesis; Humans; Hydroxyapatites; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 32393070
DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2020.1758713 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Mar 2022Bulk-fill resin composites are a special group of restorative materials designed to reduce chair time needed to insert a direct composite restoration. However, other...
OBJECTIVE
Bulk-fill resin composites are a special group of restorative materials designed to reduce chair time needed to insert a direct composite restoration. However, other factors determine the clinical success of a restorative material. Clinically the major reasons for failure of direct restorations are secondary caries and fracture of the restoration or the tooth itself. In the long-term composite resin restorations in posterior teeth may be prone to wear. As bulk-fill materials have their own composition that will determine their mechanical properties, the wear resistance may be affected as well. The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the wear of bulk-fill composites in comparison with a conventional hybrid composite. The null hypothesis was that there are no differences between the four bulk-fill materials and one traditional highly filled nanohybrid composite for posterior use when subjected to a two-body wear rate test and hardness measurement.
METHODS
Four bulk-fill composites SDR Smart Dentin Replacement (SDR), X-tra base (XBA), FiltekBulk Fill (FUP), Dual-Curing Bulk Composite (FBFL) and conventional nanohybrid resin composite Grandio (GDO) subjected to a two-body wear test against a stainless steel (SS) antagonist wheel. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis was performed to detect the surface alterations. Microhardness of all samples was tested (n = 5) with a Vickers diamond indenter (5 indentations in each specimen). One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test (P < 0.01) were used to analyze differences in wear values. The hardness data were submitted to one-way ANOVA test, followed by the Tukey post hoc test (α = 0.05). T-test was applied to compare wear rate in time interval between one day and one month.
RESULTS
The highest wear rate values were recorded for SDR and the lowest wear rate values were for GDO. Hardness was the highest for GDO and the lowest for FBFL.
SIGNIFICANCE
The bulk-fill composites have a higher wear rate and lower hardness than the conventional nanohybrid composite, making them less suitable for stress-bearing restorations.
Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Materials; Hardness; Materials Testing
PubMed: 34972580
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.12.138 -
Hua Xi Kou Qiang Yi Xue Za Zhi = Huaxi... Jun 2020Bulk-fill composite resin are simple to operate, and they reduce polymerization shrinkage and microleakage compare to traditional resin-based composites. However, their... (Review)
Review
Bulk-fill composite resin are simple to operate, and they reduce polymerization shrinkage and microleakage compare to traditional resin-based composites. However, their clinical application could be affected by numerous factors, such as the material itself, light curing, placement techniques, storage condition, and preheating. This review aimed to summarize the definitions, classifications, indications, clinical properties, and influencing factors of the clinical application of bulk-fill resin-based composites and discuss the ways to improve their clinical effectiveness.
Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Materials; Materials Testing; Polymerization; Surface Properties
PubMed: 32573127
DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2020.03.001 -
Dental Materials Journal Oct 2022One technique for placing of resin-based composite for large posterior cavities is the use of short fiber-reinforced resin-based composite (SFRC) to replace dentin in a... (Review)
Review
One technique for placing of resin-based composite for large posterior cavities is the use of short fiber-reinforced resin-based composite (SFRC) to replace dentin in a biomimetic approach. As endurance under mastication cycles is a significant consideration in the clinical success of resin-based composite posterior restorations, the use of SFRC as a base material may prevent restorative fracture due to the fibers' effectiveness in stopping cracks. This review article specifies the characteristics of SFRC and describes the major underlying mechanisms of short fiber reinforcement for resin-based composite. Insights are further taken from laboratory studies used to define the short fiber-related properties of resin-based composite and the performance of currently available materials, focusing on aspects that are relevant to the reinforcement of resin-based composite. Finally, future standpoints on the development of SFRCs with nano fibers and different resin monomers, and their role in digital dentistry, are discussed.
Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Materials; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Materials Testing
PubMed: 35858793
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2022-080 -
Dental Clinics of North America Oct 2022Continuous advancements in resin-based composites can make selection of the appropriate system a daunting task for the clinician. This review aims to simplify this... (Review)
Review
Continuous advancements in resin-based composites can make selection of the appropriate system a daunting task for the clinician. This review aims to simplify this process and clarify some new or controversial topics. Various types of composites for direct and indirect applications are discussed, including microfilled and microhybrid composites, nanocomposites, single shade, bulk fill, fiber-reinforced, high temperature/high pressure processed, CAD/CAM, and three-dimensional printable composites. Recent material advancements that lead to improved seal and toughness, degradation resistance, antimicrobial and self-healing capabilities are presented. Future directions are highlighted, such as the development of "smart" materials that are able to interact with the host environment.
Topics: Composite Resins; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Materials; Humans; Surface Properties
PubMed: 36216444
DOI: 10.1016/j.cden.2022.05.003