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BioMed Research International 2022With the development of ceramic technology, prosthodontic ceramics are becoming a useful option for improving esthetic outcomes in dentistry. In this paper, various... (Review)
Review
With the development of ceramic technology, prosthodontic ceramics are becoming a useful option for improving esthetic outcomes in dentistry. In this paper, various ceramic materials were reviewed and evaluated, and their advantages and disadvantages and indications in oral prosthodontics were analyzed objectively. The properties of resin-based ceramics, polycrystalline ceramics, and silicate ceramics were compared and analyzed. Resin-based ceramics may replace other ceramic materials in the CAD/CAM field.
Topics: Ceramics; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Materials; Dental Porcelain; Dentistry; Materials Testing; Surface Properties
PubMed: 35898679
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8451445 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Jul 2021Different material options are available for fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), but valid data on the favored materials of German dentists for 3-unit FDPs are lacking. It...
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Different material options are available for fixed dental prostheses (FDPs), but valid data on the favored materials of German dentists for 3-unit FDPs are lacking. It is unclear whether preferences depend on the individual characteristics of the dentists or their dental practices.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this survey was to identify the preferred material selection of German dentists for the fabrication of tooth-supported 3-unit FDPs depending on the location of the abutment teeth and the individual characteristics of the dentist or the dental practice.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
A survey was developed that included questions on the demographic characteristics (sex, area of expertise, age group, time since graduation, number of inhabitants, and the postal code of the dental practice or dental school) of the participating dentist and their preferred materials for the fabrication of tooth-supported 3-unit FDPs. Three clinical scenarios (anterior maxillary FDP, posterior maxillary FDP, posterior mandibular FDP) were presented. The dentists were allowed to select from predefined options or to give a free answer. For comparisons of characteristic associations, the number of inhabitants was chosen to represent the characteristics of the dental practice, and sex and time since graduation were selected to represent the characteristics of the dentist. Group comparisons were conducted with Chi-square tests (α=.05).
RESULTS
A response of 721 dentists from all parts of Germany was received, and data from 688 dentists were included in the analyses. Ceramic was the most preferred material for the fabrication of 3-unit FDPs independent of the location of the abutment teeth with veneered zirconia as the favored option. Metal-ceramic was ranked second. The time since graduation ≤15 years was associated with a preference of ceramic over metal-ceramic for the anterior restoration (P<.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Most participating dentists selected appropriate restorative materials depending on the individual clinical setting presented in the survey. For the anterior 3-unit FDP, time since graduation was associated with the preference for a restorative material. Some dentists selected lithium-X-silicate ceramics for situations beyond their recommended indication range.
Topics: Ceramics; Dental Materials; Dental Porcelain; Dental Prosthesis; Dental Restoration Failure; Dentists; Denture, Partial, Fixed; Germany; Humans; Zirconium
PubMed: 33849738
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2021.02.032 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... May 2022To evaluate two-body wear (2BW) and three-body wear (3BW) of different CAD/CAM and direct restorative materials against zirconia using a dual-axis chewing simulator and...
OBJECTIVES
To evaluate two-body wear (2BW) and three-body wear (3BW) of different CAD/CAM and direct restorative materials against zirconia using a dual-axis chewing simulator and an ACTA wear machine.
METHODS
3 CAD-CAM resin-based composite or polymer infiltrated ceramic network blocs, 1 lithium disilicate CAD-CAM ceramic (LS), 3 direct resin composites, amalgam and bovine enamel were tested. For 2BW, 8 flat specimens per material were produced, grinded, polished, stored wet (37 °C, 28d) and tested (49 N, 37 °C, 1,200,000 cycles) against zirconia. For 3BW, specimens (n = 10) were stored accordingly, and tested against a zirconia antagonist wheel (3Y-TZP, d = 20 mm, h = 6 mm; 200,000 cycles, F = 15 N, f = 1 Hz, 15% slip) in millet seed suspension. Wear resistance was analysed in a 3D optical non-contact profilometer, measuring vertical wear depth and volume loss for 2BW and mean wear depth and roughness (R) for 3BW. Vickers hardness (15 s, HV2) was measured. Statistical analysis was performed using non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney-U test, p < 0.05).
RESULTS
2BW and 3BW have a different impact on material surfaces. Similar wear resistance was observed for direct and indirect resin based materials with analogous filler configurations in both methods. Bovine enamel exhibited the best wear resistance in 2BW, but the least wear resistance in 3BW against zirconia. Regarding 2BW, a direct/indirect composite material pair of the same manufacturer showed the significantly highest mean volume losses (2.72/2.85 mm³), followed by LS (1.41 mm³). LS presented the best wear resistance in 3BW (mean wear depth 2.85 µm), combined with the highest mean Vickers hardness (598 MPa). No linear correlation was found between Vickers hardness and both wear testing procedures. The zirconia antagonists showed no recordable signs of wear.
SIGNIFICANCE
Dental restorative materials behave differently in 2BW and 3BW laboratory testing. Vickers hardness testing alone cannot hold for a correlation with wear behavior of materials. Micromorphological investigation of material composition can reveal insights in wear mechanisms related to variations in filler technologies.
Topics: Animals; Cattle; Ceramics; Dental Materials; Dental Porcelain; Materials Testing; Surface Properties; Zirconium
PubMed: 35459553
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.016 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Oct 2021This study evaluated the cytotoxic and estrogenic effects of dust and eluates released into simulated wastewater after grinding of dental resin-based materials.
OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated the cytotoxic and estrogenic effects of dust and eluates released into simulated wastewater after grinding of dental resin-based materials.
METHODS
Four materials were used: ceram.x® universal, Filtek™ Supreme XTE, Lava™ Ultimate and Core-X™ flow. From each composite material, samples (5 × 2 mm, n = 50) were prepared according to the manufacturers' instructions. Lava™ Ultimate was used as blocks. All samples were ground to dust with a diamond bur (106 μm) and suspended in distilled water at 60 mg/mL. After storage for 72 h, the suspensions were separated into a soluble (eluate) and a particulate (dust) fraction. Eluates and dusts were evaluated for inhibition of Vibrio fischeri bioluminescence and cytotoxicity on human A549 lung cells (WST-1-Assay). The estrogenic activity was assessed by YES-Assay using Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Additionally, dental monomers (BisGMA, BisEMA, UDMA, TEGDMA, HEMA) and Bisphenol A were investigated.
RESULTS
All eluates showed inhibition of V. fischeri bioluminescence at concentrations above 1.1 mg/mL (p < 0.05). The activity of the eluates of ceram.x® universal and Filtek™ Supreme XTE was significantly higher than Lava™ Ultimate and Core-X™ flow (p < 0.05). In the WST-1-Assay, all materials induced cytotoxic effects at concentrations of 0.1 mg/mL (p < 0.05), while no significant differences were detected among them. The tested materials revealed no estrogenic activity. All dental monomers and Bisphenol A showed concentration dependent cytotoxic effects (p < 0.05), whereas only Bisphenol A induced an estrogenic effect (p < 0.01).
SIGNIFICANCE
Dust and eluates of resin-based dental materials released into wastewater exert bactericidal and cytotoxic effects in vitro. However, they reveal no estrogenic effect.
Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Materials; Humans; Materials Testing; Methacrylates; Wastewater
PubMed: 34376295
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2021.07.003 -
Journal of Dental Education Sep 2023To identify behavioral, preferential, and professional factors influencing the use of amalgam in private practices; and to compare the incidence of the placement of...
OBJECTIVES
To identify behavioral, preferential, and professional factors influencing the use of amalgam in private practices; and to compare the incidence of the placement of amalgam versus composite resin restorations in the province of Ontario and its pedagogical implications on dental curricula.
METHODS
Participants responded anonymously to a 23-question online survey about their current use of dental amalgam and composite resins as well as their opinions regarding both dental materials. The explanatory variables were associated bivariately with the outcome variables, and the most significant predictors were identified using the multivariate analysis.
RESULTS
Higher percentages of amalgam use were reported among clinicians who trained in Canada only (P = .009), who graduated before 1980 (p = <.001) and who work outside private practice (p = <.001). Familiarity with amalgam was higher among clinicians who are female (p = <.001), older (p = <.001), trained only in Canada (p = .017), who graduated prior to 2000 (p = <.001), and who work in locations with populations over 100,000 (p = .042). Familiarity with composite resin was higher among clinicians who graduated more recently (p = .002). A higher percentage of females (p = <.001), younger clinicians (p = <.001), recent graduates (p = <.001), and clinicians who work in private practice (p = .043) suggested that over 50% of dental student training time be allocated to amalgam.
CONCLUSIONS
Decreased amalgam use was reported by later dental graduates and private practitioners; this may be impacted by familiarity with dental amalgam. As amalgam remains a safe and effective dental material, its removal may not be prudent. Dental educators play a crucial role in the future of amalgam opinion and use.
Topics: Humans; Female; Male; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Dental Amalgam; Composite Resins; Curriculum; Education, Dental
PubMed: 37280767
DOI: 10.1002/jdd.13252 -
The Journal of Adhesive Dentistry 2020To investigate simulated localized and generalized wear of self-adhesive restorative materials.
PURPOSE
To investigate simulated localized and generalized wear of self-adhesive restorative materials.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Three commercially available restorative materials and one experimental material with self-adhesive properties were evaluated. The experimental material was tested in both light-cured and self-cured conditions. Activa (A), Fuji II LC (F), and Equia Forte (E) and the experimental material ASAR-MP4 (S) were investigated. Two kinds of wear were simulated in an Alabama wear machine. Localized wear was simulated with a stainless-steel ball bearing antagonist and generalized with a flat-ended stainless-steel cylinder antagonist. The wear challenge was carried out in an aqueous slurry of polymethyl methacrylate beads. Material volume loss was measured on polyvinyl siloxane replicates of each worn surface using a Proscan 2100 noncontact profilometer in conjunction with Proscan and AnSur 3D software.
RESULTS
There were significant differences (p < 0.05) among the materials for both generalized and localized wear. The experimental material in both curing modes exhibited significantly less localized wear than F and A and significantly less generalized wear than F and E.
CONCLUSION
Self-adhesive materials offer unique handling properties for direct placement of posterior restorations in permanent teeth. The experimental material ASAR-MP4 generated similar wear values to the other self-adhesive materials tested.
Topics: Composite Resins; Dental Cements; Dental Materials; Dental Restoration Wear; Glass Ionomer Cements; Materials Testing; Surface Properties
PubMed: 32030376
DOI: 10.3290/j.jad.a43998 -
BMC Oral Health Jul 2023This study aims to evaluate the primary teeth undergoing amputation due to dental caries or trauma clinically and radiologically.
AIM
This study aims to evaluate the primary teeth undergoing amputation due to dental caries or trauma clinically and radiologically.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The amputation treatment of 90 primary teeth of 58 patients (Female: 20, Male: 38) aged 4-11 years was evaluated clinically and radiologically. Calcium Hydroxide was used for amputation in this study. Composite or amalgam was preferred as filling material in the same session of the patients. Clinical/radiological (Periapical/Panoramic X-ray) examination was performed on the teeth that were unsuccessful in treatment, on the day of the patient's complaint, and at the end of 1 year in the others.
RESULTS
According to the clinical and radiological findings of the patients, 14.4% of the boys and 12.3% of the girls were unsuccessful. Amputation in male was a need in the 6-7 age group with a rate of 44.6% at most. Amputation in females was a need in the 8-9 age group with a rate of 52% at most.
CONCLUSION
Success in amputation treatment depends on the tooth, the dentist, and the dental material applied.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Child; Dental Caries; Tooth, Deciduous; Dental Materials; Calcium Hydroxide; Dental Amalgam
PubMed: 37415166
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03171-z -
American Journal of Dentistry Jun 2021To evaluate the stress distribution of inlays fabricated with restorative materials of different elastic moduli under two functional loading conditions by using...
PURPOSE
To evaluate the stress distribution of inlays fabricated with restorative materials of different elastic moduli under two functional loading conditions by using three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) models of a second maxillary premolar.
METHODS
A 3D model of a sound maxillary left second premolar and its supporting bone was generated in a previous study and reutilized under permission of the authors for the present study. Inlay models obtained from the sound tooth were then assigned according to the type and inherent elastic modulus of the restorative material used, as follows: microhybrid composite (Filtek Z250); indirect resin composite (Paradigm); lithium disilicate reinforced glass ceramic (IPS e.max Press); and type III gold alloy. The geometric models were then exported for 3D FEA. All materials were considered isotropic, homogeneous, and linear-elastic. A static load of 100 N was applied in two conditions: axially at both cusps (axial loading) and at the mesial marginal ridge (proximal loading). Maximum principal and von Mises stresses were used to analyze the stress distribution pattern in inlays and sound premolar models.
RESULTS
Under axial loading condition, either resin composite, ceramic or type III gold alloy inlays generated a similar biomechanical behavior, especially in terms of stress distribution in the remaining tooth structure and cusp deflection. However, higher tensile stresses were observed along the proximal gingival margin of the preparation under proximal loading in the Z250 and Paradigm models, as well as a greater cusp deflection. In contrast, a deflection like the sound model was observed in the ceramic and gold inlay models.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Restorative materials with higher elastic modulus, such as dental ceramics and type III gold alloys, seem to be the best choice for maxillary premolars restored with inlays in the presence of occlusal contact on the marginal ridge.
Topics: Bicuspid; Composite Resins; Dental Materials; Dental Porcelain; Dental Stress Analysis; Finite Element Analysis; Inlays; Materials Testing; Stress, Mechanical
PubMed: 34143589
DOI: No ID Found -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Nov 2021The optical properties of esthetic computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials can change depending on the clinical situation. Studies...
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The optical properties of esthetic computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) materials can change depending on the clinical situation. Studies that compare esthetic CAD-CAM materials based on their optical properties are lacking.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the optical properties of esthetic CAD-CAM specimens after ultraviolet (UV) aging based on the type and thickness of the material.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In total, 240 plate-shaped specimens (14×12×1 mm and 14×12×2 mm) of a nanohybrid composite resin (Tetric CAD), a fine-structure feldspathic ceramic (Vitablocs Mark II), 2 different glass-ceramics (IPS Empress CAD and IPS e.max CAD), a zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic (Celtra Duo), a polymer-infiltrated ceramic network (Vita Enamic), and 2 different resin nanoceramics (Cerasmart and Lava Ultimate) were fabricated (n=15). The optical parameters were analyzed by spectrophotometry before and after UV aging. The brightness (L∗), red green (a∗), yellow-blue (b∗), chroma (Ch), and hue (h) were measured, and the color difference (ΔE) values were calculated. The translucency parameter (TP), total transmittance (Tt), and contrast ratio (CR) were also determined. Statistical analyses were performed with 1-way ANOVA, the Tukey honestly significant difference post hoc test, independent- and paired-samples t tests, and 2-way ANOVA (α=.05).
RESULTS
Significant interactions were observed for the aging process, material type, and thickness for all optical parameters (P<.05). L∗, TP, and Tt had lower values, while CR had higher values for the aging group than that of the control group (P<.05). The h, TP, and Tt values were higher, whereas the b∗ and CR values were lower for the 1-mm group than those of the 2-mm group (P<.05). The highest ΔE value was found in the Lava Ultimate 1-mm group (ΔE=3.21) and 2-mm group (ΔE=2.42). The lowest ΔE value was found in the Vitablocs Mark II 1-mm group (ΔE=0.31). The highest TP and Tt and the lowest CR values were observed for Tetric CAD; the lowest TP and Tt, and the highest CR values were noted in Celtra Duo (P<.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The optical properties of the CAD-CAM specimens were affected by the aging process, material type, and thickness, and the color stability was clinically applicable in all CAD-CAM materials except groups Lava Ultimate and Cerasmart(ΔE<2.25). Resin nanoceramics exhibited the greatest color changes after UV aging, and a 2-mm thickness is recommended to ensure acceptable color stability. The zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate glass-ceramic was the most opaque, with a 1-mm thickness providing increased translucency.
Topics: Ceramics; Color; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Materials; Dental Porcelain; Esthetics, Dental; Materials Testing; Surface Properties
PubMed: 33041076
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.09.007 -
Dento Maxillo Facial Radiology Sep 2022The purpose of this systematic review was to search in literature in which severity unintended effects are caused by dental materials in magnetic resonance imaging...
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this systematic review was to search in literature in which severity unintended effects are caused by dental materials in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), such as to evaluate whether these artifacts hamper the diagnosis in the head and neck region.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Clinical studies showing the severity of artifacts which dental materials are capable of causing in MRI of head and neck, such as their influence on diagnostic accuracy, were included in this review. The searches were conducted in four electronic databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus and Web of Science), and a manual search was made in the reference lists of papers screened for full-text reading. Risk of bias was assessed using "Quality Assessment Tool for Diagnostic Accuracy Studies-2" (QUADAS-2). The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) was used to assess the quality of evidence.
RESULTS
From 151 studies selected for full-reading, 19 were considered eligible for this review. Artifacts caused by orthodontic appliances were well-documented, and stainless steel brackets were the materials most likely to cause artifacts in MR imaging of head and neck. The literature was scarce for dental implants and restorations. Diagnoses within the oral cavity, but also those of the brain and craniofacial structures, were affected.
CONCLUSION
Artifacts caused by orthodontic appliances may affect the diagnosis in oral cavity and craniofacial structures. Data regarding dental implants and prosthodontics restorations were inconclusive. The severity of artifacts in MRI and their influence on diagnosis is dependent on dental material features, location in the oral cavity, and magnetic resonance parameters.
Topics: Artifacts; Dental Implants; Dental Materials; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mouth; Orthodontic Appliances
PubMed: 35348371
DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20210450