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British Dental Journal May 2022Ceramic materials have rapidly become the material of choice for indirect restorations. There are a variety of material types available for use such as feldspathic... (Review)
Review
Ceramic materials have rapidly become the material of choice for indirect restorations. There are a variety of material types available for use such as feldspathic ceramics, glass ceramics and many types of zirconia. Advances in digital dentistry led to a rapid switch from porcelain fused to metal restorations to all-ceramic restorations. Variations in composition, microstructure and processing affect mechanical properties and use of these materials. Having a better understanding of their differences is important for proper clinical selection. Ceramic materials may be classified several ways including by composition, microstructure, processing technique and clinical application. This article reviews the various types of ceramics based on structure and properties that relate to clinical selection. After reading this article, the reader should be able to: explain the types of ceramics in use in dentistry; understand clinical selection based on properties; and discuss the differences in zirconia-based ceramics.
Topics: Ceramics; Dental Porcelain; Surface Properties
PubMed: 35562468
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-022-4242-6 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Dec 2022This systematic review aims to investigate the effect of different preparation designs on the marginal fit and fracture strength of ceramic occlusal veneers. (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVES
This systematic review aims to investigate the effect of different preparation designs on the marginal fit and fracture strength of ceramic occlusal veneers.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Based on the PICO question and the search terms, an electronic search was performed in Google Scholar, PubMed (MEDLINE), Scopus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Science Direct, Wiley, Ovid, and SAGE for articles published up to July 2022. After including English in vitro studies that evaluated posterior ceramic occlusal overlays at the posterior with ceramic restorations by following the PRISMA statement, the extracted data was tabulated. The methodological quality of the included studies was evaluated. Risk of bias assessment was done independently by two authors using the modified MINORS scale.
RESULTS
About 3138 search results were screened, of which 22 were selected due to their titles. Twenty-one full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Seventeen in-vitro studies were finalized for the extraction of quantitative data. All 17 articles had a low risk of bias and were retained. The influencing items for evaluating the research were different in most studies; therefore, qualitative synthesis of the results was feasible. They generally included preparation design, material thickness, depth of preparation in the tooth, internal divergence angle, and finish line. Meta-analysis was not done due to heterogeneity of preparation types and evaluation methods. Results revealed that fracture resistance of occlusal veneers is higher than normal mastication force, and it is sufficient to prepare the occlusal surface, use a self-etching primer for bonding, and an acceptable minimum ceramic thickness. The marginal discrepancy of occlusal veneers is clinically acceptable. However, this systematic review faces some limitations due to the lack of in vivo studies, different preparation designs in included studies, different follow-ups, and lack of comprehensive explanations in articles.
CONCLUSIONS
The preparation design of occlusal veneers influences both marginal adaptation and fracture resistance. Various preparation designs are proven to have clinically acceptable fracture strength and marginal adaptation.
Topics: Dental Porcelain; Dental Veneers; Flexural Strength; Dental Stress Analysis; Materials Testing; Ceramics
PubMed: 36062841
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.653 -
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... Mar 2020The ability to control the reduction of tooth structure in a precise and measurable way during the preparation of ceramic veneers is a clinical challenge. The objective...
OBJECTIVE
The ability to control the reduction of tooth structure in a precise and measurable way during the preparation of ceramic veneers is a clinical challenge. The objective of this article is to introduce a new digital technology that can be used to address this challenge showing its advantages and limitations. First Fit is a digitally guided tooth preparation system that can be used to control the accurate and efficient preparation of teeth. In some cases, the system can be used to prepare the teeth for previously made restorations based on planned digital reduction.
CLINICAL CONSIDERATIONS
The First Fit system uses 3D-printed guides and a specially designed handpiece for guided veneer preparation using either a one-step or a two-step approach. In the one-step approach, final restorations are produced prior to preparation of the teeth using reduction guides, and veneers are cemented on the same day as preparation. The two-step approach includes a preparation phase during which the teeth are prepared using a combination of the reduction guides and free hand techniques. Cementation is then completed at a second appointment.
CONCLUSION
The First Fit system controls and guides veneer preparation with a minimally invasive approach. In some cases, it enables the production of veneers before tooth preparation, alleviating the need for provisional restorations.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The guided restorative dentistry technique described here utilizes digital CAD-CAM technology to achieve predictable and accurate results in a minimally invasive and efficient manner.
Topics: Ceramics; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Porcelain; Dental Veneers; Tooth Preparation
PubMed: 32031329
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12571 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... May 2024Functionally graded materials (FGM) with indistinct boundaries potentially eliminate the damaging stresses occurring at the interfaces. FGM applications in dental... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Functionally graded materials (FGM) with indistinct boundaries potentially eliminate the damaging stresses occurring at the interfaces. FGM applications in dental ceramics have enhanced their fatigue resistance and interfacial toughness.
OBJECTIVES
This scoping review aims to map graded designs in dental ceramics, distinguish their methodological approaches with their material characteristics and properties, and understand the factors affecting the outcomes of each of the graded approaches.
METHODS
A systematic electronic search was performed with the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Scopus, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, and Google Scholar along with a manual search.
RESULTS
About 2675 articles were initially found from all the searches with no date restriction till July 2023. After rejecting duplicates and based on exclusion criteria, about 52 articles were included.
SIGNIFICANCE
Methodological approaches in grading such as glass-infiltration and silica-infiltration have been investigated on pre-sintered zirconia. The type of infiltration and the method of infiltrate application significantly influenced the phase transformation of zirconia, its microstructure, surface hardness, fracture toughness, flexural strength, wear, and fatigue strength of graded dental zirconia. Interlayers were accommodated between metal-ceramic and veneer-core all-ceramic layers. Fractions of zirconia-porcelain and alumina-porcelain showed high bending strength and better stress distribution. The results of finite element analysis studies predicted that using 10-layered graded layers reduced the stresses at the crown-cement-dentin interface.
Topics: Ceramics; Materials Testing; Zirconium; Surface Properties; Dental Materials; Humans; Dental Stress Analysis; Hardness; Dental Porcelain; Flexural Strength
PubMed: 38438282
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2024.02.016 -
Clinical Gastroenterology and... Dec 2021
Topics: Calcinosis; Dental Porcelain; Gallbladder Diseases; Humans
PubMed: 32827726
DOI: 10.1016/j.cgh.2020.08.036 -
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... Jan 2023The background and clinical understanding of the properties of currently available indirect restorative systems and fabrication methods is, along with manufacturer and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
The background and clinical understanding of the properties of currently available indirect restorative systems and fabrication methods is, along with manufacturer and evidence-based literature, an important starting point to guide the clinical selection of materials for tooth and/or implant supported reconstructions. Therefore, this review explores most indirect restorative systems available in the market, especially all-ceramic, along with aspects of manufacturing process, clinical survival rates, and esthetic outcomes.
OVERVIEW
Progressive incorporation of new technologies in the dental field and advancements in materials science have enabled the development/improvement of indirect restorative systems and treatment concepts in oral rehabilitation, resulting in reliable and predictable workflows and successful esthetic and functional outcomes. Indirect restorative systems have evolved from metal ceramics and polymers to glass ceramics, polycrystalline ceramics, and resin-matrix ceramics, aiming to improve not only biological and mechanical properties, but especially the optical properties and esthetic quality of the reconstructions, in attempt to mimic natural teeth.
CONCLUSIONS
Based on several clinical research, materials, and patient-related parameters, a decision tree for the selection of indirect restorative materials was suggested to guide clinicians in the rehabilitation process.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
The pace of materials development is faster than that of clinical research aimed to support their use. Since no single material provides an ideal solution to every case, professionals must continuously seek information from well designed, long-term clinical trials in order to incorporate or not new materials and technological advancements.
Topics: Humans; Dental Prosthesis Design; Ceramics; Dental Materials; Dental Porcelain
PubMed: 36688803
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.13016 -
Operative Dentistry Jan 2021Composite resin or ceramic inlays, onlays, and overlays can achieve high long-term survival and success rates. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Composite resin or ceramic inlays, onlays, and overlays can achieve high long-term survival and success rates.
Topics: Ceramics; Composite Resins; Dental Porcelain; Inlays
PubMed: 33882133
DOI: 10.2341/19-107-LIT -
European Heart Journal. Cardiovascular... Jan 2023
Topics: Humans; Dental Porcelain; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Artery Bypass
PubMed: 36414365
DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/jeac232 -
Dental Materials Journal Jan 2020This review describes low temperature degradation (LTD), discoloration, and erosion of high translucent dental zirconia and discusses its chemical durability in... (Review)
Review
This review describes low temperature degradation (LTD), discoloration, and erosion of high translucent dental zirconia and discusses its chemical durability in comparison with other CAD/CAM materials. The LTD of zirconia strongly depended on the firing temperature, yttria content, surface treatment, and heat treatment. Glass ceramics for CAD/CAM were remarkably etched in a lactic acid at 60°C, KOH solution at 60°C, and saline solution at 90°C, whereas zirconia showed no changes in these solutions. Glass ceramics and hybrid resins for CAD/CAM showed significant discoloration in a red wine and rhodamine B solution at 37°C, whereas zirconia showed no discolorations in either solution. It was concluded that high translucent dental zirconia has the highest chemical durability among dental CAD/CAM materials.
Topics: Ceramics; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Materials; Dental Porcelain; Materials Testing; Surface Properties; Zirconium
PubMed: 31511477
DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2019-109 -
British Dental Journal Jul 2021
Topics: Crowns; Dental Porcelain; Dental Veneers
PubMed: 34244622
DOI: 10.1038/s41415-021-3228-0