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BioMed Research International 2022With the development of ceramic technology, prosthodontic ceramics are becoming a useful option for improving esthetic outcomes in dentistry. In this paper, various... (Review)
Review
With the development of ceramic technology, prosthodontic ceramics are becoming a useful option for improving esthetic outcomes in dentistry. In this paper, various ceramic materials were reviewed and evaluated, and their advantages and disadvantages and indications in oral prosthodontics were analyzed objectively. The properties of resin-based ceramics, polycrystalline ceramics, and silicate ceramics were compared and analyzed. Resin-based ceramics may replace other ceramic materials in the CAD/CAM field.
Topics: Ceramics; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Materials; Dental Porcelain; Dentistry; Materials Testing; Surface Properties
PubMed: 35898679
DOI: 10.1155/2022/8451445 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Jan 2024Marginal integrity and internal adaptation are key to the long-term success of porcelain laminate veneers. Evidence for their marginal and internal fit is unclear, and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Marginal integrity and internal adaptation are key to the long-term success of porcelain laminate veneers. Evidence for their marginal and internal fit is unclear, and the factors affecting such fit have not been identified.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the scientific literature assessing the effects of various parameters on the marginal and internal fit of porcelain laminate veneers.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
An electronic search was conducted to identify all relevant published articles on the fit accuracy of ceramic veneers between January 2000 and June 2021 in the PubMed-MEDLINE, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar, and Web of Science databases. Information, including the study outcomes, in terms of the mean marginal gap, internal gap, and absolute marginal discrepancies of porcelain laminate veneers, was extracted from the selected studies. The inverse-variance random effects model was used to analyze the pooled results and estimate the overall effect based on the heterogeneity of studies (α=.05).
RESULTS
Twenty-one studies were selected for analysis, 2 clinical and 19 in vitro. The risk of bias was "medium" for most studies (19 of 21), and only 2 studies were classified as "high risk." A mean difference of -4.53 μm (95% CI: -21.46 to 12.41) was found, with no statistically significant difference in marginal gap between the pressed and milled fabrication modes (P=.600). As for the internal gap, significant differences were found (mean difference=-40.56 μm; 95% CI: -76.54 to -4.58), with pressed veneers performing better (P=.030). Butt joint preparation design produced significantly (P=.002) lower marginal gaps than the palatal chamfer (mean difference=-14.02 μm; 95% CI: -23.07 to -4.98).
CONCLUSIONS
No significant differences were found between the pressed and milled porcelain laminate veneers for marginal gap, but for the internal gap, the differences were significantly in favor of the pressed type. The butt joint veneer preparation design was significantly better than the palatal chamfer design in terms of marginal fit.
Topics: Ceramics; Computer-Aided Design; Dental Marginal Adaptation; Dental Porcelain; Dental Veneers
PubMed: 35260253
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2022.01.009 -
The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry Mar 2020Dental porcelain restorations are subject to biological failures related to secondary caries and periodontal disease leading to prosthesis replacement.
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
Dental porcelain restorations are subject to biological failures related to secondary caries and periodontal disease leading to prosthesis replacement.
PURPOSE
The purpose of this in vitro study was to explore the microbiological and mechanical properties of dental porcelain incorporated with different percentages of silver vanadate (β-AgVO) through microbiological analysis, roughness tests, and the Vickers microhardness test.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
IPS InLine porcelain specimens were made by using a cylindrical Teflon matrix in the dimensions of 8×2 mm. For the control group, the porcelain was manipulated according to the manufacturer's instructions. The groups incorporating the nanomaterial were prepared with 2.5%, 5%, and 10% of β-AgVO which was added proportionally by mass to the porcelain powder. In vitro microbiologic analysis, roughness tests, and the Vickers microhardness test were performed.
RESULTS
Against Streptococcus mutans, the control group showed no inhibition halo (0 mm). All groups with AgVO showed a zone of inhibition, the highest for the group with 10% (30 mm) and then the groups with 2.5% (9 mm) and 5% (17 mm). For Vickers microhardness, no statistically significant difference (P<.05) was observed between the evaluated groups. The group with 10% of AgVO had the highest mean roughness and was statistically different (P<.001) from the other groups.
CONCLUSIONS
Adding β-AgVO to dental porcelain demonstrated antimicrobial effectiveness at all concentrations (2.5%, 5%, and 10%), with no effect on Vickers microhardness. The 10% group had higher roughness than the other groups.
Topics: Dental Porcelain; Materials Testing; Nanostructures; Silver; Streptococcus mutans; Surface Properties
PubMed: 31952862
DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2019.10.012 -
Indian Journal of Dental Research :... 2022Porcelain combined with zirconia core substructure has low fracture toughness. Nanoparticles are incorporated into the porcelain to boost its mechanical properties.
BACKGROUND
Porcelain combined with zirconia core substructure has low fracture toughness. Nanoparticles are incorporated into the porcelain to boost its mechanical properties.
AIMS
To evaluate the effect of the incorporation of silver oxide and titanium oxide nanoparticles into porcelain powder on the bond strength of porcelain veneer to zirconia core. The flexural strength of nanoparticles-modified porcelain was also evaluated.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The flexural strength of feldspathic porcelain was measured (according to ISO specifications number 6872) after the incorporation of silver and titanium oxide nanoparticles. For measuring the bond strength at the porcelain-zirconia interface, 70 bars (4 × 4 × 12 mm) of zirconia were cut and fired in a furnace. The control and nanoparticles-modified porcelain powders were built up on the zirconia bars and fired to create veneers of 3 mm height, 4 mm width and 4 mm thickness. The porcelain veneers were de-attached from the zirconia core by the universal testing machine. The failure load was recorded to calculate the bond strength.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
The data were analysed with one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's test.
RESULTS
The addition of 0.5-1.5% silver oxide nanoparticles to feldspathic porcelain increased the flexural strength. The addition of 1.0-4.0% titanium oxide nanoparticles to feldspathic porcelain increased the flexural strength. Either 0.5-1.0% silver oxide or 3.0-4.0% titanium oxide nanoparticles in feldspathic porcelain increased the shear bond strength to zirconia core.
CONCLUSION
The flexural strength of porcelain veneer and the bond strength at porcelain-zirconia interface can be improved by adding either 0.5% silver oxide nanoparticles or 4% titanium oxide nanoparticles to porcelain powder.
Topics: Dental Bonding; Dental Materials; Dental Porcelain; Dental Stress Analysis; Dental Veneers; Materials Testing; Nanoparticles; Oxides; Powders; Shear Strength; Silver Compounds; Surface Properties; Titanium; Zirconium
PubMed: 36254959
DOI: 10.4103/ijdr.ijdr_222_22 -
Journal of Esthetic and Restorative... Mar 2022To evaluate masking ability of different types and thicknesses of ceramics upon various substructures.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate masking ability of different types and thicknesses of ceramics upon various substructures.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Discs (Ø 12 mm, thickness 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, and 2.0 mm) were prepared from Bruxzir-Anterior® (Bc), Celtra-DUO® (Cc), and Vita-Suprinity® (Vc) (n = 15/group). Substructures (2 mm thickness) were prepared from natural dentine (Ds), tetracycline-stained dentine (Ts), zirconia (Zs), resin composite (Rs), and cast metal (Ms). A spectrophotometer was used to measure the CIE L*a*b* color coordinates of a specimen. Masking ability was determined from the color difference (∆E ) of ceramics between before- and after combining with substructure using ANOVA and Bonferroni test (α = 0.05). ∆E value was compared with acceptable clinical threshold (∆E = 1.8) and an ideal threshold (∆E = 0.8).
RESULTS
Type-thickness of ceramics and substructures were significantly affected ∆E . Ts significantly influenced ∆E more than Rs, Ms, Zs, and Ds. No significant ∆E upon Ms and Zs was indicated. Bc completely masked Ts and Rs if thickness was ≥0.6 mm, and Zs, Ms, and Ds if ≥0.4 mm. Cc completely masked Ts and Rs if thickness was >1.6 mm, and Zs, Ms, and Ds if >1.4 mm. Vc completely masked Ts if thickness was >1.4 mm, Rs and Ms if >1.2 mm, and Zs and Ds if >1 mm.
CONCLUSION
Ts is the most influential substructure impact on color appearance, requiring a minimum thickness of 0.6 mm Bc, 1.2 mm Vc, or 1.6 mm Cc to be perfectly masked.
CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE
Masking ability was significantly influenced by the type and thickness of ceramic material and underlying structure. Monolithic zirconia had a significantly higher masking ability than lithium silicate/phosphate glass ceramic. Ts indicated the most influencial substructure impacting the color appearance of ceramic restoration, which require a minimum thickness of 0.6 mm Bc, 1.2 mm Vc, or 1.6 mm Cc to achieve ideal masking capability.
Topics: Ceramics; Color; Composite Resins; Dental Porcelain; Materials Testing; Surface Properties; Zirconium
PubMed: 35118796
DOI: 10.1111/jerd.12881 -
Clinical Oral Investigations May 2022The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of double veneering, low-temperature porcelain, and total glaze application methods to overcome failures...
OBJECTIVES
The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the efficacy of double veneering, low-temperature porcelain, and total glaze application methods to overcome failures of zirconia-based restorations.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Ninety yttrium-stabilized tetragonal zirconia materials with 1.2 × 5 × 24 mm dimensions were cut from pre-sintered blocks. According to the fabrication process of the samples, 3 main groups were formed in the beginning. Low-temperature porcelain and press-on ceramic were used for veneering. First, the samples were divided into 9 sub-groups. Then they were arranged to form triple groups. Triple groups were arranged according to the sample preparation and applied test methods, respectively. After three-point bending tests, marked samples were oriented for stereomicroscope and scanning electron microscope to evaluate and identify the fracture types. Data were statistically analyzed (p < 0.05).
RESULTS
Delamination counts were higher than the chipping counts at all the samples with press layer. Chipping count was higher than the delamination count at low-temperature porcelain-veneered triple group. Delamination count was the highest at double-layered triple group. Scatter sample count was the least at ceramic-veneered triple group. Standard triple group was found to be more fracture-resistant. Accelerated aging increased delamination and/or scatter counts at all sub-groups and significantly (p = 0.01 < 0.05) degreased the mean fracture strength values. Total glaze application significantly (p = 0.01 < 0.05) improved the fracture strength values.
CONCLUSION
All-round thinking is very important considering fracture strength, fracture type, delamination, chipping, normal fracture, and scattering. Applying low-temperature porcelain on zirconia substructure is more efficient than a transition material. Press-on material alone as a superstructure is not sufficient for successful restoration. Double veneering method is highly questionable.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Zirconia-based all-ceramic restorations meet many criteria, especially durability and esthetics, which are necessary for a successful restoration. However, the harmony/integrity of substructure and superstructure is still an issue. Therefore, choosing of the veneering and/or protective method used during the fabrication of the restoration is very determinative for long-term success.
Topics: Dental Porcelain; Dental Stress Analysis; Dental Veneers; Esthetics, Dental; Materials Testing; Surface Properties; Temperature; Zirconium
PubMed: 35091818
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-022-04376-2 -
Journal of Prosthodontic Research Jan 2023Purpose Hydrofluoric acid has been used to remove salivary contamination in dental glass-ceramics before bonding treatment. However, alternative methods are required...
Purpose Hydrofluoric acid has been used to remove salivary contamination in dental glass-ceramics before bonding treatment. However, alternative methods are required because hydrofluoric acid is harmful. This study examined the cleaning effects of phosphoric acid and sodium hydroxide on glass-ceramics for bonding pre-treatment.Methods Feldspar porcelain was divided into four groups: (C) cleaned porcelain without any contamination, (S) porcelain contaminated with saliva, (SPA) porcelain cleaned with 37% phosphoric acid after saliva contamination, and (SSH) porcelain cleaned with 10% sodium hydroxide after saliva contamination. Each sample was bonded to the resin cement using a silane-containing primer. They were then subjected to a shear bond strength (SBS) test. Each surface was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).Results The SBS of group SSH was comparable to that of group C but significantly higher than that of groups S and SPA. SEM observations showed that saliva-like structures remained on the samples of groups S and SPA, but not on the SSH group. The contact angles of groups C and SSH were comparable and significantly smaller than those of groups S and SPA, respectively. FT-IR analysis also revealed saliva in groups S and SPA, which was absent in the SSH group.Conclusions The saliva remained on the porcelain even after cleaning with phosphoric acid, and SBS was not restored to the same level as before the contamination. In contrast, sodium hydroxide eliminated saliva and restored SBS to the same level as before contamination.
Topics: Dental Porcelain; Saliva; Sodium Hydroxide; Hydrofluoric Acid; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Surface Properties; Resin Cements; Dental Bonding; Materials Testing; Shear Strength; Dental Stress Analysis
PubMed: 35431286
DOI: 10.2186/jpr.JPR_D_21_00326 -
Dental Materials : Official Publication... Jun 2022To explore the effect of adding different percentages of nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (β-AgVO) to dental porcelains, evaluating...
OBJECTIVE
To explore the effect of adding different percentages of nanostructured silver vanadate decorated with silver nanoparticles (β-AgVO) to dental porcelains, evaluating the antimicrobial activity and the influence on the mechanical properties.
METHODS
Thirty-six specimens were made, for each concentration, control group, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5% and 5%, using two commercial brands: IPS InLine and Noritake Cerabien ZR. For the analysis of mechanical properties, the Vickers microhardness test and the roughness test were performed. For the antimicrobial analysis, the XTT and CFU assays were performed.
RESULTS
There was a statistically significant difference between groups for mechanical and microbiological analyses.
SIGNIFICANCE
The modification of dental porcelains, with the incorporation of β-AgVO, influenced the mechanical properties of the material and demonstrated antimicrobial activity at certain concentrations.
Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Dental Porcelain; Materials Testing; Metal Nanoparticles; Nanostructures; Silver; Surface Properties
PubMed: 35525686
DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2022.04.022 -
Primary Dental Journal Nov 2019With increasing patient expectation for aesthetic dental restorations, there has been a drive towards developing ceramic materials to meet this expectation. Multiple...
With increasing patient expectation for aesthetic dental restorations, there has been a drive towards developing ceramic materials to meet this expectation. Multiple ceramic systems have been introduced over the past four decades with considerable advances in material properties. Survival rates of all-ceramic crowns differ by type of ceramic used, fabrication method and clinical indication. Zirconia and lithium disilicate are the most commonly used contemporary ceramic materials in dentistry. Survival data for these types of restorations appears to be promising; however, there is a lack of high-quality long-term clinical data on the success of these restorations. In the absence of robust longitudinal clinical research, laboratory studies have provided some useful information on the performance of ceramic restorations. Further high quality long-term clinical studies are needed to inform us of modes of failure of these restorations and the range of clinical circumstances in which each type of ceramic restoration may be used.
Topics: Ceramics; Crowns; Dental Materials; Dental Porcelain; Dental Restoration Failure; Humans; Zirconium
PubMed: 31666170
DOI: 10.1308/205016819827601527 -
Journal of Prosthodontic Research Jun 2021To evaluate the influence of quantity and positioning of veneered zirconia specimens during firing of porcelain on their fatigue performance and colorimetric differences.
PURPOSE
To evaluate the influence of quantity and positioning of veneered zirconia specimens during firing of porcelain on their fatigue performance and colorimetric differences.
METHODS
Bilayer discs (Ø=15 mm) were made, following ISO 6872 guidelines, using a Y-TZP core (yttria-stabilized tetragonal zirconia polycrystal ceramic; VITA In-Ceram YZ) and a feldspathic veneering material (VITA VM9), being both layers with 0.7 mm thickness. Y-TZP discs were sintered, the veneering material was applied over it, and the bilayer specimens were fired according to two factors (n=20): 'quantity' (1 or 5 samples per firing cycle; G1 and G5 groups respectively) and 'positioning' of the specimens inside the furnace (center or periphery of the refractory tray; G5C and G5P groups, respectively). The CIEL*a*b* parameters were recorded with a spectrophotometer and the color difference (ΔE 00 ) and translucency (TP 00 ) were calculated using CIEDE2000 equations. The step-stress fatigue test was performed with the veneer facing down (region of tensile stress concentration), 10 Hz frequency, initial tension of 20 MPa for 5,000 cycles, followed by steps of 10,000 cycles using a step size of 10 MPa, up to 100 MPa; data from strength and number of cycles for failure were recorded for statistical analysis.
RESULTS
Unacceptable color differences (ΔE 00 >1.8) were observed comparing G5C vs. G1 (quantity) and G5C vs. G5P (positioning), meanwhile translucency parameters were not affected. Besides, only the 'quantity' factor influenced the fatigue performance (G1>G5C). None of the tested specimens survived beyond 90N and/or 75000 cycles.
CONCLUSIONS
The quantity and position of the specimens during firing influence the final color of porcelain-veneered zirconia, and firing one specimen per cycle improved the fatigue performance of the bilayer system.
Topics: Ceramics; Colorimetry; Dental Porcelain; Dental Stress Analysis; Dental Veneers; Materials Testing; Surface Properties; Yttrium; Zirconium
PubMed: 33028795
DOI: 10.2186/jpr.JPOR_2019_336