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European Archives of Paediatric... Dec 2023Evaluate if there is a significant association between the position and inclination of the unerupted maxillary canine measured on a panoramic radiograph, and their...
Radiographic assessment of unerupted permanent maxillary canines and their relationship to the phases of dentition in mixed dentition Spanish children: a retrospective cross-sectional study.
PURPOSE
Evaluate if there is a significant association between the position and inclination of the unerupted maxillary canine measured on a panoramic radiograph, and their relationship to gender, age of the patient and stage of dentition.
METHODS
138 panoramic radiographs were examined for this retrospective cross-sectional investigation. Only patients living in Madrid, Spain with mixed dentition were included. These measurements were performed on radiographs, considering the inclination and position of the maxillary canines with regards to the midline, and height with respect to the occlusal plane. Spearman's correlation coefficient was used to analyze the relation among the canine angle and height. p < 0.05 was considered to be significant.
RESULTS
The prevalence of patients with an altered canine angle was 10%, while 43.5% had an apparently abnormal position (overlapping at least half of the adjacent lateral incisor root). No statistically significant association was found between these two variables. In 5% of the patients, the maxillary canine was with an anomalous angle and position. Significant differences were obtained when comparing canine height between children with ectopic canines and normal canines (p = 0.032).
CONCLUSION
No significant association was found between the position and inclination of the unerupted maxillary canine in our sample. Ectopic maxillary canines had a higher incidence in girls, although we did not find statistically significant differences between genders. We observed a higher prevalence of abnormal position and inclination of the permanent maxillary canine in early mixed dentition. Maxillary canines were significantly elevated, further from the occlusal plane, in children with ectopic canines.
Topics: Humans; Male; Female; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dentition, Mixed; Retrospective Studies; Dentition; Cuspid; Radiography, Panoramic; Maxilla; Tooth, Impacted
PubMed: 37582923
DOI: 10.1007/s40368-023-00832-z -
Evolution & Development Sep 2019Tooth replacement in piranhas is unusual: all teeth on one side of the head are lost as a unit, then replaced simultaneously. We used histology and microCT to examine...
Tooth replacement in piranhas is unusual: all teeth on one side of the head are lost as a unit, then replaced simultaneously. We used histology and microCT to examine tooth-replacement modes across carnivorous piranhas and their herbivorous pacu cousins (Serrasalmidae) and then mapped replacement patterns onto a molecular phylogeny. Pacu teeth develop and are replaced in a manner like piranhas. For serrasalmids, unilateral tooth replacement is not an "all or nothing" phenomenon; we demonstrate that both sides of the jaws have developing tooth rows within them, albeit with one side more mineralized than the other. All serrasalmids (except one) share unilateral tooth replacement, so this is not an adaptation for carnivory. All serrasalmids have interlocking teeth; piranhas interdigitate lateral tooth cusps with adjacent teeth, forming a singular saw-like blade, whereas lateral cusps in pacus clasp together. For serrasalmids to have an interlocking dentition, their teeth need to develop and erupt at the same time. We propose that interlocking mechanisms prevent tooth loss and ensure continued functionality of the feeding apparatus. Serrasalmid dentitions are ubiquitously heterodont, having incisiform and molariform dentitions reminiscent of mammals. Finally, we propose that simultaneous tooth replacement be considered as a synapomorphy for the family.
Topics: Animals; Biological Evolution; Characiformes; Dentition; Odontogenesis; Phylogeny
PubMed: 31449734
DOI: 10.1111/ede.12306 -
Acta Odontologica Scandinavica Aug 2020Dental anomalies occurring in deciduous teeth can affect the eruption of the permanent dentition and the occlusion stability. The occurrence of dental anomalies such as...
Dental anomalies occurring in deciduous teeth can affect the eruption of the permanent dentition and the occlusion stability. The occurrence of dental anomalies such as double teeth during the primary dentition in the daily practice might be frequent. The study aimed to qualitatively summarize the therapeutic management of double teeth in primary incisors. A systematic review regarding the therapy of primary fused incisors in the mandible was performed and the obtained data were assessed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The following electronic databases were screened from 1st January, 1996 until 30th July, 2019: PubMed, Scopus, EBSCO and the archives of paediatric dental journals. The search terms were grouped in anatomic entity: ( OR OR ), pathological condition: ( OR OR OR ), intervention: ( OR OR OR OR OR OR ), observed parameters: ( OR OR ). Ten articles met all inclusion criteria. The data disclosed the occurrence of double teeth in mandibular incisors. The main management of this clinical condition is either preventive or surgical involving the extraction of fused teeth, based on the deciduous nature of the teeth, the degree of caries and malocclusion development risk. An early diagnosis of dental anomalies is fundamental for the application of proper preventive strategies to avoid a potential malocclusion in permanent dentition and to maintain these teeth sound and caries-free until the eruption of the permanent dentition.
Topics: Anodontia; Child; Fused Teeth; Humans; Incisor; Mandible; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 32125202
DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2020.1734233 -
Archives of Oral Biology Aug 2021We aimed to determine the aetiologic agent responsible for black staining of permanent dentition using next-generation sequencing and determine the relationship between...
OBJECTIVES
We aimed to determine the aetiologic agent responsible for black staining of permanent dentition using next-generation sequencing and determine the relationship between caries and black stains.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
A total of 52 systemically healthy patients with black-stained and caries-free (n = 13), black-stained and carious (n = 13), black stain-free and caries-free (n = 13), and black stain-free and carious (n = 13) teeth were enrolled in the study. The International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS II) was used for caries classification. Between 08:00 and 10:00, supragingival plaque samples were collected after a minimum of 8-12 h of accumulation and DNA samples were isolated. The samples were processed using the ZymoBIOMICS™ Service. Bioinformatics analysis was performed using mothur at usegalaxy.org. Data were analysed statistically using the Pearson chi-square and Fisher tests.
RESULTS
The number of caries-free teeth (ICDAS 0, 1, and 2) was significantly higher in patients with black stains (p = 0.007).Capnocytophaga (4.8 %), Corynebacterium (3.9 %), and Neisseria (5.4 %) species were the most abundant among all black-stained plaques (carious and caries-free) (p < 0.05). Capnocytophaga (10.8 %), Cardiobacterium (3.6 %), and Rothia (1.72 %) species were detected in the black-stained plaques of caries-free patients (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION
This study is one of the first studies examining the microbial composition of dental plaques with black staining in carious and caries-free adult patients using next generation sequencing technology. In the presence of black staining, plaques have an ultimate complex microbial structure. A lower caries burden was noted in the presence of black staining.
Topics: Black or African American; Dental Caries; Dentition, Permanent; Humans; Metagenomics; Tooth
PubMed: 34058724
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2021.105171 -
Clinical Oral Investigations Jul 2021The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms in RUNX2, BMP4, BMP2, TGFβ1, EGF, and SMAD6 and variations in permanent tooth size...
OBJECTIVE
The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between genetic polymorphisms in RUNX2, BMP4, BMP2, TGFβ1, EGF, and SMAD6 and variations in permanent tooth size (TS).
MATERIALS AND METHODS
This cross-sectional study evaluated 110 individuals' dental casts to determine the maximum tooth crown size of all fully erupted permanent teeth (third molars were excluded) in the mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) dimensions. Genomic DNA was obtained from the epithelial cells of the oral mucosa to evaluate the genetic polymorphisms in RUNX2 (rs59983488 and rs1200425), BMP4 (rs17563), BMP2 (rs235768 and rs1005464), TGFβ1 (rs1800470), EGF (rs4444903), and SMAD6 (rs2119261 and rs3934908) through real-time PCR. The data were submitted to statistical analysis with a significance level of 0.05.
RESULTS
The genetic polymorphisms rs59983488, rs1200425, rs17563, rs235768, rs1005464, rs1800470, and rs4444903 were associated with MD and BL TS of the upper and lower arches (p < 0.05). The polymorphism rs2119261 was associated with variation in TS only in the upper arch (p < 0.05). The rs3934908 was not associated with any TS measurement (p > 0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
In summary, this study reports novel associations between variation in permanent TS and genetic polymorphisms in RUNX2, BMP4, BMP2, TGFβ1, EGF, and SMAD6 indicating a possible role of these genes in dental morphology.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Polymorphisms in odontogenesis-related genes may be involved in dental morphology enabling a prediction of permanent TS variability. The knowledge regarding genes involved in TS might impact the personalized dental treatment, considering that patients' genetic profile would soon be introduced into clinical practice to improve patient management.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Dentition, Permanent; Humans; Odontogenesis; Odontometry; Tooth; Tooth Crown
PubMed: 33651240
DOI: 10.1007/s00784-020-03760-0 -
Clinical and Experimental Dental... Aug 2022This study was done to determine the timing of eruption of permanent teeth by sex and the number of permanent teeth erupted at different ages and to assess its...
OBJECTIVES
This study was done to determine the timing of eruption of permanent teeth by sex and the number of permanent teeth erupted at different ages and to assess its association with malocclusion.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
The sample for this study consisted of 633 healthy subjects (317 boys and 316 girls) aged between 5.0 and 15.0 years. The subjects were divided into subgroups considering an age interval of 1 year.
RESULTS
The mean eruption times were lower for girls compared with boys except for the maxillary and mandibular second premolars and second molars, which were found to erupt earlier in boys. All the permanent mandibular teeth, except the second premolars, tended to erupt earlier than their maxillary antagonists in both sexes. The sequence of eruption differs between girls and boys in the maxillary canine and maxillary second premolars. In Class III malocclusion, all the permanent mandibular teeth erupt earlier than their maxillary antagonists. In the entire sample, the correlation between the number of erupted teeth and age was strong (p < .05), but the differences between sexes were not significant.
CONCLUSIONS
It is important to know the normal eruption time of permanent teeth in the population due to diagnosis and better treatment planning in pediatric dentistry and orthodontics.
Topics: Age Factors; Cuspid; Dentition, Permanent; Female; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Tooth Eruption
PubMed: 35157778
DOI: 10.1002/cre2.544 -
The Journal of Clinical Pediatric... May 2023This systematic review aimed to assess bite force measurements in children and adolescents and to study the various devices that measure Maximum Voluntary Bite Force... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This systematic review aimed to assess bite force measurements in children and adolescents and to study the various devices that measure Maximum Voluntary Bite Force (MVBF). This systematic review included observational studies and experimental studies in children and adolescents (upto 19 years of age) which evaluated MVBF using a bite force measuring device. Studies on participants with systemic conditions were excluded. Databases such as PubMed, Embase, LILACS, and the Cochrane library were searched until September 2022, for which screening and quality assessment were performed. Newcastle-Ottawa, modified Newcastle-Ottawa and ROBINS-I tools were used to assess the Risk-of-bias. All observational studies reporting overall bite force values of participants were included for meta-analyses. A total of 8864 participants (3491 males and 3623 females) were included from 61 studies. Meta-analyses were conducted to evaluate mean average bite force value for each included dentition using R software v2.4-0. Estimation was done to derive an average BF value for variables such as age (dentition), gender, side, site, device and ethnicity. MVBF values were reported as mean average in the form of MLN with 95% CI (Confidence Interval). Using a random-effects model, 29 forest plots were generated. I values varied between 90% and 100%. Bite force ranged from 246.22 N (220.47; 274.98) to 311.72 N (255.99; 379.59) and 489.35 N (399.86; 598.87) in primary, mixed, and permanent dentitions, respectively. Six different sites for recording bite force and 11 different types of devices were reported with portable occlusal bite force gauge being the most common device. Outcomes of this review provide useful baseline reference values of bite force for clinicians and researchers.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Child; Adolescent; Bite Force; Dental Occlusion; Dentition, Permanent
PubMed: 37143420
DOI: 10.22514/jocpd.2023.022 -
International Dental Journal Dec 2021This study, using a retrospective analysis of nationwide dental records of school-going children over 8 years, aims to identify childhood factors associated with dental...
OBJECTIVE
This study, using a retrospective analysis of nationwide dental records of school-going children over 8 years, aims to identify childhood factors associated with dental caries incidence in the permanent dentition up to adolescence.
METHODS
Students studying in primary and secondary schools in Singapore are eligible for free basic dental care under the nationwide School Dental Service (SDS). All available dental records, general health records, and sociodemographic data from 2009 to 2017 were extracted as anonymised records, for a full cohort of 29,617 students that were enrolled in Primary 1 in 2009. Multiple logistic regression and modified Poisson regression were applied to identify risk factors for caries incidence in the permanent dentition over 8 years.
RESULTS
Caries occurred in the permanent dentition of 9389 (31.7%) students in the 8 years. Risk of caries incidence in the permanent dentition was associated with baseline caries in the primary (risk ratio [RR]: 1.88; 95% CI: 1.81, 1.95) and permanent (RR: 1.54; 95% CI: 1.47, 1.61) dentition, tooth hypoplasia (RR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.49, 1.68), and poor baseline oral hygiene (RR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.03, 1.12). Sociodemographic predictors of caries incidence include a lower socioeconomic status, Chinese ethnicity, female gender, and enrolment in nonmainstream schools or schools in the Eastern and Western regions of Singapore.
CONCLUSIONS
Both clinical and sociodemographic factors in childhood are associated with caries incidence in the permanent dentition and can be used for structuring dental service provision and identifying caries-susceptible individuals and groups for early prevention and intervention.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; DMF Index; Dental Care; Dental Caries; Dentition, Permanent; Female; Humans; Retrospective Studies; Schools; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 33743991
DOI: 10.1016/j.identj.2021.01.008 -
European Archives of Paediatric... Feb 2020To discuss prevalence, characteristics, aetiology and pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of pre-eruptive intra-coronal radiolucency/resorption (PEIR) defects, and... (Review)
Review
AIM
To discuss prevalence, characteristics, aetiology and pathophysiology, diagnosis and management of pre-eruptive intra-coronal radiolucency/resorption (PEIR) defects, and to highlight the clinical significance of PEIR.
METHODS
A literature research from Pubmed Medline database was adopted to identify the relevant published articles related to PEIR using keyword search strategy; other papers were obtained through searching the reference lists. Significant findings were summarised and presented in this review.
RESULTS
Subject prevalence was (0.2-27.3%) and tooth prevalence was (0.2-3.5%); depending on factors such as type of radiograph used for assessment, demographic factors, age range included, and dentition stage. Currently, the most acceptable etiologic theory for PEIR is intra-coronal resorption by invasion of resorptive cells into forming dentine via an interruption of crown formation; most likely to be caused by local factors such as ectopic position of affected tooth or adjacent tooth next to it. Diagnosis of PEIR lesions occurs, as they are noted incidentally on routine dental radiographs of unerupted teeth. A management protocol for PEIR defects has been suggested based on the literature. The clinical significance of these lesions is that they could constitute a large proportion of occult caries, and can be associated with developmental defects, ectopic positioning and supernumerary teeth, and a delay in dental development.
CONCLUSIONS
Early diagnosis of PEIR defects by careful viewing of radiographs of unerupted teeth is important as part of clinical examinations to allow early treatment.
Topics: Dentin; Humans; Tooth Crown; Tooth Eruption; Tooth Resorption; Tooth, Unerupted
PubMed: 31414395
DOI: 10.1007/s40368-019-00470-4 -
Progress in Orthodontics Feb 2023During the intrusion of lower incisors with clear aligners (CAs), root disengagement from the alveolar bone often occurs, resulting in serious complications. This study...
BACKGROUND
During the intrusion of lower incisors with clear aligners (CAs), root disengagement from the alveolar bone often occurs, resulting in serious complications. This study aimed to determine the potential force mechanism of the mandibular anterior teeth under the pressure of CA, providing theoretical data for clinical practice.
METHODS
In this study, a 3D finite element model was established, including the CA, periodontal ligament, and mandibular dentition. Incisor mandibular plane angles were set as 5 groups: 90°, 95°, 100°, 105°, and 110°. The 4 mandibular incisors were intruded by 0.2 mm, while the canines were the anchorage teeth. The stress, force systems, and potential movement trends of mandibular anterior teeth were obtained.
RESULTS
The compressive stress of the incisors was concentrated in the lingual fossa, incisal ridge, and apex. With the increase in IMPA, the moment of central incisors changed from lingual crown moment to labial crown moment, with the turning point between 100° and 105°, but the center of resistance (CR) was always subjected to the force toward the lingual and intrusive direction. The force and moment toward the labial side of the lateral incisors were greater than those toward the central incisors. The canines always tipped distally and received extrusive force with no relationship with IMPA.
CONCLUSIONS
With the increase in the initial IMPA, the direction of labiolingual force on the mandibular incisors was reversed. However, the root of the lower incisors always tipped labially, which indicated fenestration and dehiscence.
Topics: Incisor; Finite Element Analysis; Periodontal Ligament; Tooth Movement Techniques; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable
PubMed: 36775824
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00454-7