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Evidence-based Dentistry Dec 2021Design Retrospective cohort study.Cohort selection Records of 2,922 patients, who attended a reference centre between 1998 and 2019 with primary dental trauma and who... (Review)
Review
Design Retrospective cohort study.Cohort selection Records of 2,922 patients, who attended a reference centre between 1998 and 2019 with primary dental trauma and who had radiographs and photographs, were screened to identify primary dental avulsion injuries that were followed-up until complete eruption of the permanent successors. 240 records were eligible and 194 fulfilled the inclusion criteria.Data analysis Exploratory descriptive analysis was carried out to map the occurrence and type of sequelae to the permanent tooth following primary avulsion, comparing this to the control group of permanent anterior teeth from the same children where the predecessor teeth had not suffered any type of dental trauma. Exploratory descriptive analysis was also used to link the age the primary avulsion occurred to the type of sequelae to permanent dentition. Multilevel Poisson regression analysis was performed and relative risk values and respective 95% confidence intervals were calculated to evaluate the association between avulsion and occurrence of sequelae. Confounders were included in the model to calculate their effect.Results Of the 194 patients included, there were 266 avulsed primary teeth and 115 of the permanent successors presenting with sequelae (43.2%), compared to 15.4% in the control group. Demarcated opacities were most common in both groups. Primary tooth avulsions occurring in children under two years old had a higher risk of sequelae to the permanent successor. There was also a higher risk of successor sequelae with avulsions of the lower arch compared to the upper and when three or more teeth were affected by the trauma compared to a single tooth. Avulsions in children over three years old had a lower risk of hypoplasia and those over four years old had a low risk of opacities to the successor.Conclusions Following avulsions of primary teeth, there is a higher risk of sequelae to the permanent successor in children younger than two years, where the lower jaw is involved and when multiple teeth are involved.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Dentition, Permanent; Humans; Infant; Retrospective Studies; Tooth Avulsion; Tooth Eruption; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 34916639
DOI: 10.1038/s41432-021-0228-5 -
Journal of Veterinary Dentistry Sep 2023Pigs are diphyodonts with heterodont dentition and have been used in studies involving teeth and jawbone regeneration, and dental implants. Patterns of tooth eruption...
Pigs are diphyodonts with heterodont dentition and have been used in studies involving teeth and jawbone regeneration, and dental implants. Patterns of tooth eruption are used to age animals and determine the effects of environmental and genetic influences on occurrence of variations. As with other species, variations exist in the tooth eruption pattern in pigs. The aim of this study was to determine the permanent teeth eruption patterns of Nigerian local pigs. Twenty-six healthy pigs were observed throughout the study period. Pigs were firmly held in dorsal or lateral recumbency and their mouths gently held open to visually examine all quadrants of the dental arches (right and left maxillary, right and left mandibular). Observations were recorded from 16 weeks of age, until the last permanent tooth erupted. Results obtained from the study showed that males had lower mean values for eruption time (54%) of examined teeth in comparison to females. The mean values of eruption time for the maxillary third incisor, the mandibular and maxillary canines, and the mandibular fourth premolar teeth were statistically significant in the males (= .0017, = .0088, = .0002 and = .0244, respectively). Sixty-nine percent of the adult pigs did not have eruption of the mandibular first premolar, while polydontia was observed in the maxillary and mandibular incisors. These results show that intra-breed and inter-breed variations exist in the dental eruption pattern in pigs. The data obtained from this study can be used for comparative dental studies and can aid further research on the developmental anatomy of Nigerian local pigs.
Topics: Male; Female; Animals; Swine; Tooth Eruption; Dentition, Permanent; Incisor; Tooth, Supernumerary; Bicuspid; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 36721364
DOI: 10.1177/08987564231152390 -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Dec 2021This systematic review aimed to identify, evaluate, and provide a synthesis of the available literature on the proximal enamel thickness (PET) of permanent teeth. (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
INTRODUCTION
This systematic review aimed to identify, evaluate, and provide a synthesis of the available literature on the proximal enamel thickness (PET) of permanent teeth.
METHODS
The eligibility criteria were studies that assessed the PET of the permanent teeth. A search of studies in Medline (via PubMed), the Cochrane Library, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Lilacs databases that measured PET was conducted until August 31, 2020. Two reviewers independently selected the studies, extracted the data, and assessed the risk of bias for systematic reviews involving cross-sectional studies. The quality of evidence was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations approach. PET data generated from the systematic review were summarized by random-effects inverse-generic meta-analysis.
RESULTS
From 1388 potentially eligible studies, 11 were considered for systematic review and meta-analysis. The measurement of PET was done with radiographs, microscopes, microtomographs, or profilometers. In total, 4019 mesial and distal surfaces involving 2118 teeth were assessed. All included studies showed low to moderate risk of bias, whereas GRADE revealed that the level of evidence was low. Greater mesial and distal enamel thickness was observed for the premolars and molars, whereas it was least for the mandibular central incisors. The least difference of 0.02 mm (95% confidence interval [CI], -0.07 to 0.11 and -0.06 to 0.09, respectively) between mesial and distal sides was observed for the maxillary and mandibular second molars, whereas the maximum difference of 0.12 mm (95% CI, 0.07-0.17 and 0.07-0.16, respectively) was observed for the maxillary central incisors and maxillary first premolars. The meta-analysis indicated a moderate level of heterogeneity (I of 45%). The funnel plot revealed minimal publication bias.
CONCLUSIONS
The summary effect of the meta-analysis revealed that the thickness of the enamel on the distal aspect was greater than on the mesial aspect by an average of 0.10 mm (95% CI, 0.09-0.12). This finding would be of relevance to all disciplines of dentistry and especially for the clinician planning interproximal reduction, a procedure that is routinely done for clear aligner therapy.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Caries; Dental Enamel; Dentition, Permanent; Humans; Molar
PubMed: 34420845
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.05.007 -
Caries Research 2023The aims of this study were to estimate the risk of caries in the permanent teeth at 12 years of age and to describe the diagnostic accuracy of caries patterns in the...
The aims of this study were to estimate the risk of caries in the permanent teeth at 12 years of age and to describe the diagnostic accuracy of caries patterns in the primary dentition at age 4 years to predict caries at age 12 years. A prospective cohort study followed children from birth to age 12 years in the city of São Leopoldo, Brazil. Sociodemographic variables were collected at birth, and dental caries was measured at 4 and 12 years of age (n = 204). At 4 years, children were classified according to the presence of caries (cavitated and non-cavitated lesions), number of lesions, affected segment (anterior or posterior), and affected surface (occlusal, smooth, or proximal). Prediction of permanent dentition caries occurrence (DMFT ≥1) (primary outcome) involved Poisson regression with robust variance and standard diagnostic accuracy measures. The prevalences of caries at age 4 years (including non-cavitated lesions) and 12 years were 61.8% and 42.2%, respectively. All caries patterns in the primary dentition were associated with caries in the permanent dentition. In multivariable analysis, the strongest associations were carious lesions on the primary posterior teeth (RR 2.2; 95% CI 1.5-3.2) and occlusal surfaces (RR 2.1; 95% CI 1.4-3.0). Among patterns evaluated, the presence of any tooth with caries (cavitated or non-cavitated) had the highest sensitivity (73%), but any tooth with cavitated decay had the highest accuracy (67%). In conclusion, any dental caries experience in early childhood is strongly predictive of dental caries experience in early adolescence. Primary dentition carious lesions on the posterior teeth or occlusal surfaces and the presence of cavitated lesions were stronger predictors.
Topics: Child; Adolescent; Infant, Newborn; Humans; Child, Preschool; Dentition, Permanent; Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Prospective Studies; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 36780891
DOI: 10.1159/000529620 -
Pediatric Dentistry Nov 2020This study evaluated the evidence for associations between malnutrition and dental caries among children and adolescents in primary and permanent dentition. A search... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
This study evaluated the evidence for associations between malnutrition and dental caries among children and adolescents in primary and permanent dentition. A search was conducted in Medline, Cochrane, Google Scholar, Scopus, and Web of Science databases for studies comparing malnourishment and dental caries among children and adolescents. PRISMA guidelines were followed for the meta-analysis. Participants included well-nourished and malnourished children and adolescents ranging in age from six months to 19 years. The primary out-come was the prevalence of dental caries in primary and permanent dentition and early childhood caries (ECC) for children younger than six years. Quality was evaluated using the risk of bias assessment tool. Random-effects model was used to assess the odds ratio of the association between malnutrition and dental caries. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. There were 1,851 and 1,395 malnourished and well-nourished children available for analysis. Analysis of the longitudinal studies indicated that malnourished children were associated with a higher presence of caries (odds ratio equals 2.69, 95 percent confidence interval [CI] equals 2.05 to 3.53, P<0.001). Malnourished children were associated with a higher presence of dental caries in permanent dentition (odds ratio equals 3.56, 95 percent CI equals 2.21 to 5.74, P<0.001). Meta-analysis suggests that malnutrition is associated with dental caries in permanent dentition. However, no such association was observed between malnutrition with dental and ECC in the primary dentition.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Child, Preschool; Dental Caries; Dentition, Permanent; Humans; Malnutrition; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 33369551
DOI: No ID Found -
European Journal of Orthodontics Jun 2021Cross-sectional studies of mandibular movements provide data on developmental trends of dentition and support planning of public health services.
BACKGROUND
Cross-sectional studies of mandibular movements provide data on developmental trends of dentition and support planning of public health services.
OBJECTIVE
The aim of this study was to measure mandibular movement capacities in children with deciduous and mixed dentition and in young adults with permanent dentition. The influence of age and gender on mandibular movements and the association between mandibular movements and occlusal traits were analysed.
METHOD
The sample consisted of 1172 Estonians: group 1: children with deciduous dentition; group 2: children with mixed dentition; and group 3: young adults with permanent dentition. Maximum opening, mandibular laterotrusion, and protrusion were registered.
RESULTS
Age was correlated with mandibular movements. Young adults had statistically significantly larger mandibular movements as compared to children with deciduous and mixed dentition, and children with mixed dentition had larger mandibular movements as compared to children with deciduous dentition. Young adult males had larger mandibular movements than females of the same age. Associations were found between mandibular movement capacities and some occlusal traits. Mandibular movement capacities were smaller in children with crossbite and open bite as compared with children without corresponding occlusal traits. Mandibular movement capacities were larger in children with deep bite and increased overjet as compared with those without corresponding occlusal traits.
CONCLUSION
Mandibular movement capacities are age and gender dependent. Maximum mouth opening, mandibular laterotrusion, and protrusion are related, and mandibular movement and some occlusal traits are associated.
Topics: Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dentition, Mixed; Dentition, Permanent; Female; Humans; Male; Malocclusion; Mandible; Tooth, Deciduous; Young Adult
PubMed: 32524135
DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjaa033 -
Evidence-based Dentistry Jun 2022Data sources Four electronic databases, including Cochrane Oral Health's Trial Register, Cochrane CENTRAL, Medline and Embase were searched for finding the relevant... (Review)
Review
Data sources Four electronic databases, including Cochrane Oral Health's Trial Register, Cochrane CENTRAL, Medline and Embase were searched for finding the relevant literature. Two trial registries and references of the included papers were also searched.Study selection Both parallel-group and split-mouth randomised control trials were included. These involved comparison of different types of dental sealants or their comparison with a placebo/no sealant. There was no restriction regarding language or publication date.Data extraction and synthesis Two authors independently extracted the data from the selected papers which included study characteristics, details about participants, intervention, control, outcomes etc. Owing to inherent heterogeneity and inability to pool up the data, meta-analysis was not carried out and the results were summarised using narrative synthesis.Results A total of nine studies were included. Irrespective of the type of sealants, all the included studies have depicted the direction of the effect favouring the sealant use but the evidence is very low. Individual studies that compared sealants with placebo exhibited better performance by glass ionomer cement-based sealants (Odds ratio [OR] = 0.033; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.007-0.149) than resin-based sealants (OR = 0.76; 95% CI = 0.41-1.42).Conclusions Low quality evidence was found regarding the effectiveness of sealants for prevention of caries in primary molars.
Topics: Dental Caries; Dental Caries Susceptibility; Dentition, Permanent; Humans; Molar; Pit and Fissure Sealants
PubMed: 35750728
DOI: 10.1038/s41432-022-0262-y -
Archives of Oral Biology Jun 2024This study aimed to carry out a systematic review of observational studies searching the association between salivary factors (amount and quality of saliva) and... (Review)
Review
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to carry out a systematic review of observational studies searching the association between salivary factors (amount and quality of saliva) and noncarious cervical lesions (NCCL) in individuals with permanent dentition.
DESIGN
Cross-sectional, case-control, and cohort studies performed in humans with permanent dentition (population) and considering noncarious cervical lesions (outcome) in association with salivary characteristics (exposure) were included. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, LILACS/BBO, Scopus, Embase, IBCT, NICE, OpenGrey, and Google Scholar were searched, with no language or date restrictions. Of 6561 potentially eligible studies, 142 were selected for full-text analysis. Three reviewers independently selected the studies, performed data extraction, and quality analysis through the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale.
RESULTS
Finally, ten references were included in the review, four case-control and six cross-sectional studies. Several salivary parameters were evaluated. Some parameters were considered associated with the presence of noncarious cervical lesions: salivary buffering capacity, salivary pH, citric acid, and calcium and potassium levels. The methodological quality varied across studies, with high heterogeneity among them.
CONCLUSIONS
Some associations between saliva and NCCL suggesting protective factors and others risk factors were found. However, the evidence is sparse and comes from a few studies with great heterogeneity. New scientific evidence, with standardized methods, should be encouraged. Understanding salivary parameters that influence the occurrence of NCCL is important to guide dentists in relation to etiological factors that could potentially be neglected. The results may help in the development of new and early diagnostic methods and treatments for noncarious cervical lesions.
Topics: Humans; Cross-Sectional Studies; Tooth Cervix; Dentition, Permanent; Observational Studies as Topic
PubMed: 38460485
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2024.105945 -
American Journal of Orthodontics and... Nov 2022This study aimed to assess growth-related dental and symmetry changes in the dental arch within and between identical and fraternal twins in mixed and permanent...
INTRODUCTION
This study aimed to assess growth-related dental and symmetry changes in the dental arch within and between identical and fraternal twins in mixed and permanent dentition.
METHODS
Three-dimensional scanned dental models of eligible subjects were selected from the Forsyth-Moorrees Twin Study sample. This retrospective cohort study was carried out on 36 identical (18 pairs) and 28 fraternal (14 pairs) twins in mixed dentition and 36 identical (18 pairs) and 38 fraternal (19 pairs) twins in permanent dentition stages on the basis of the availability of the dental casts scanned each year from each group (Table I). Linear measurements from dental casts were performed in patients aged 8-16 years. Student t test and Pearson's correlation were used to compare the symmetry between and within the identical and fraternal twins. The resemblance and heritability patterns were retrospectively obtained from the Pearson correlation coefficient and Falconer's heritability test (H = 2 × b). Adjusted mixed-effects estimates and 95% confidence intervals were calculated to test the association between age and dental parameters for both mixed and permanent dentition groups.
RESULTS
Intercanine and intermolar widths significantly increased (P <0.05) during the mixed dentition but became stable after 13 years old. No statistically significant differences were found in arch symmetry between the 2 groups (ie, identical and fraternal) in any of the included measurements. Evaluation of the resemblance and heritability pattern showed nonsignificant results for all variables measured (H range, -0.67 to 0.56).
CONCLUSIONS
The dental arch becomes wider at a higher rate in the canine region than the molar region in both the mixed and early permanent dentition. The dental arches of twins develop symmetrically, and their growth is not mainly affected by genetics. Asymmetrical teeth will maintain their relative position to reference planes throughout growth.
Topics: Humans; Adolescent; Retrospective Studies; Dental Arch; Twins, Dizygotic; Dentition, Permanent; Dentition, Mixed
PubMed: 36137854
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.06.026 -
Nature Ecology & Evolution Jul 2021Chondrichthyan dentitions are conventionally interpreted to reflect the ancestral gnathostome condition but interpretations of osteichthyan dental evolution in this...
Chondrichthyan dentitions are conventionally interpreted to reflect the ancestral gnathostome condition but interpretations of osteichthyan dental evolution in this light have proved unsuccessful, perhaps because chondrichthyan dentitions are equally specialized, or else evolved independently. Ischnacanthid acanthodians are stem-Chondrichthyes; as phylogenetic intermediates of osteichthyans and crown-chondrichthyans, the nature of their enigmatic dentition may inform homology and the ancestral gnathostome condition. Here we show that ischnacanthid marginal dentitions were statodont, composed of multicuspidate teeth added in distally diverging rows and through proximal superpositional replacement, while their symphyseal tooth whorls are comparable to chondrichthyan and osteichthyan counterparts. Ancestral state estimation indicates the presence of oral tubercles on the jaws of the gnathostome crown-ancestor; tooth whorls or tooth rows evolved independently in placoderms, osteichthyans, ischnacanthids, other acanthodians and crown-chondrichthyans. Crown-chondrichthyan dentitions are derived relative to the gnathostome crown-ancestor, which possessed a simple dentition and lacked a permanent dental lamina, which evolved independently in Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes.
Topics: Animals; Dentition; Fossils; Jaw; Phylogeny; Vertebrates
PubMed: 33958756
DOI: 10.1038/s41559-021-01458-4