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American Journal of Orthodontics and... Sep 2021Understanding age-related changes in normal dental occlusion is crucial for orthodontic treatment, planning, and retention, especially considering the increasing demand... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Understanding age-related changes in normal dental occlusion is crucial for orthodontic treatment, planning, and retention, especially considering the increasing demand from adult patients. This review aimed to systematically perform a scoping literature review regarding age-related dental changes in untreated normal occlusion subjects.
METHODS
An electronic search was performed until May 2020 using the following terms: "Dental Occlusion," "Dentition," "Ageing," and "Age groups." Articles studying changes in dental occlusal traits in orthodontically untreated subjects with neutroclusion and comparing them between various age groups were included. Studies focusing on a single age group or written in languages other than English were excluded. The risk of bias of the studies was assessed with both the methodological index for nonrandomized studies and the risk of bias in nonrandomized studies of intervention tools.
RESULTS
From the initial 7681 articles, 40 were included. High methodologic heterogeneity was found among studies. Intercanine width was found to increase until 8.0 years and 15.0 years in the mandible and maxilla, respectively, whereas intermolar width increases in both arches until 26.0 years. After that, both parameters decrease into late adulthood. Crowding increases from mixed dentition until 60.0 years of age, especially in the mandible and females. Maxillary incisors procline with age while mandibular incisors retroclined.
CONCLUSIONS
The age-related evolution of occlusal traits, together with skeletal and soft tissue changes, should be considered during orthodontic planning. Well-designed prospective cohort studies are necessary for confirmatory evidence. Expectations for treatment stability should consider muscular balance and inform patients that crowding is a sign of aging that should not always be seen as a failure of orthodontic therapy. Protocol registration number: PROSPERO CRD42020138846.
Topics: Adult; Aging; Dentition, Mixed; Female; Humans; Incisor; Mandible; Prospective Studies
PubMed: 34456004
DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.02.014 -
Progress in Orthodontics May 2023Dental crowding is the most prevalent malocclusion in the mixed and permanent detitions and can have a major impact on dentofacial esthetics. However, adjustments to the... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Dental crowding is the most prevalent malocclusion in the mixed and permanent detitions and can have a major impact on dentofacial esthetics. However, adjustments to the development and growth of the dentition can potentiate self-correction of dental crowding during childhood.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the physiological behavior of mandibular incisor crowding in the transition from mixed to permanent dentition.
METHODOLOGY
Five electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, LILACS and LIVIVO) and part of the gray literature (Proquest and Google Scholar) were investigated, based on the eligibility criteria associated with the acronym PECO, until June 2022. The risk of bias was assessed using the ROBINS-E tool and the certainty of evidence, the GRADE tool.
RESULTS
Among the 2.663 studies identified, five were selected for qualitative analysis, of which one have a low risk of bias, and four, a moderate risk. A total of 243 patients were evaluated. Evidence with a high level of certainty was generated indicating a tendency for improvement in mandibular incisor crowding from mixed to permanent dentition, with mandibular incisor crowding decreasing from 0.17 to 4.62 mm on average. The mandibular incisor crowding reduction seems to be associated with the amount of initial crowding and spontaneous dental arch dimensional changes that occur in the mixed dentition and culminate in the increase in arch perimeter, leeway space, incisor protrusion and transverse growth of the maxillary and mandibular arch.
CONCLUSION
Based on moderate scientific evidence, spontaneous longitudinal changes in dental arch in the transition from the mixed to the permanent dentition demonstrate a spontaneous improvement in mandibular incisor crowding by up to 4.62 mm. These evidence provide a scientific basis for planning only longitudinal follow-up in patients with mild to borderline moderate mandibular incisor crowding in the mixed dentition avoiding overtreatment.
Topics: Humans; Dentition, Permanent; Incisor; Dental Arch; Malocclusion; Dentition, Mixed; Mandible
PubMed: 37150772
DOI: 10.1186/s40510-023-00466-3 -
Evidence-based Dentistry Dec 2022Data sources Medline, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases along with Google Scholar, Greylist and OpenGrey were... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis Review
Data sources Medline, Web of Science and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials databases along with Google Scholar, Greylist and OpenGrey were systematically searched (up to December 2020).Study selection In vivo observational studies and clinical trials assessing the diagnostic accuracy of pulp vitality tests and sensibility tests in adult human teeth were screened. Exclusion criteria included non-English articles, deciduous teeth, case reports and in vitro studies.Data extraction and synthesis Data extracted included basic study location, sample size, age of participants, pathology of teeth, type of teeth and the vitality (pulse oximetry or Laser Doppler flowmetry) or sensibility test (cold, hot and electric pulp testing) used. Measures of diagnostic accuracy were synthesised (sensitivity, sensibility, predictive values, and likelihood ratios). Meta-analysis was performed using a bivariate random-effects model producing summary values for sensitivity and specificity. Results were presented as a ROC curve. Risk of bias and the quality of the studies were assessed using the QUADAS-2 tool.Results A total of ten studies were included in the review, of which five were included in the meta-analysis. Overall risk of bias was unclear. Pulse oximetry showed higher diagnostic accuracy than electric pulp testing and thermal testing. Insufficient data precluded quantitative analysis for Laser Doppler flowmetry.Conclusions Pulse oximetry demonstrates greater diagnostic accuracy when compared to sensibility testing. Limited sample size and heterogeneity among the included studies limits their applicability.
Topics: Adult; Humans; Dental Pulp; Dental Pulp Test; Dentition, Permanent; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 36526833
DOI: 10.1038/s41432-022-0847-5 -
Journal of Oral Biosciences Sep 2022Tooth identification is important not only for anatomists and anthropologists but also for dental practitioners and dental students studying dental anatomy courses. This... (Review)
Review
BACKGROUND
Tooth identification is important not only for anatomists and anthropologists but also for dental practitioners and dental students studying dental anatomy courses. This review paper provides an overview of the significance of tooth identification focusing on the morphological and developmental background.
HIGHLIGHT
The process of tooth identification comprises five steps of distinction: (1) between deciduous and permanent teeth; (2) between tooth classes; (3) between maxillary and mandibular teeth; (4) within the same tooth class; and (5) between the left and right sides of a tooth. According to Mühlreiter's features, the mesial half is more developed than the distal half, and the curvature feature is associated with the configuration of the dental arch. Each step of tooth identification refers to effective traits and characteristics. The possibility that systemic conditions affect dental morphology should be considered. Tooth identification is occasionally difficult owing to individual variations (size and shape, supernumerary tubercles, root fusion) and sex-based differences. A tooth type error within the same class is the most frequent error in tooth identification, followed by a left or right side error.
CONCLUSION
To understand tooth identification, it is necessary to have comprehensive knowledge of dental morphology. A broad education with regard to tooth evolution and comparative odontology, as well as a thorough understanding of the morphology and function of teeth, which play a crucial role in sustaining life as organs of mastication, is essential.
Topics: Dentition; Humans; Odontogenesis; Tooth
PubMed: 35598838
DOI: 10.1016/j.job.2022.05.004 -
Wiadomosci Lekarskie (Warsaw, Poland :... 2022The aim: To study the anatomic features of the facial skull structures in children of various ages depending on dentition.
OBJECTIVE
The aim: To study the anatomic features of the facial skull structures in children of various ages depending on dentition.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Materials and methods: One hundred and forty-four children aged 2-12 years were divided into 4 groups depending on dentition. They underwent anthropometric measure¬ments during adenoidectomy. Based on the cosine theorem, the calculated values were obtained.
RESULTS
Results: The distance from choana to the free edge of the retracted soft palate gradually increases from 2.01±0.61 cm in children with stable primary dentition up to 3.09±1.02 cm with mixed dentition. Palato-nasopharyngeal angle in children with stable primary dentition is 126.25±8.76°, in children with aging primary dentition - 132.81±12.21°, and in children with mixed dentition - 120.54±13.72°.
CONCLUSION
Conclusions: The optimal configuration of the blade for power-assisted adenoidectomy in children with stable primary dentition has an angle of 53.53±8.76°, and the length of the working part of 2.01±0.61 cm, in children with aging primary dentition - 47.18±12.21° and 2.10±0.71 cm, with mixed dentition - 59.45±13.72° and 3.09±1.02 cm, respectively.
Topics: Child; Humans; Adenoidectomy; Dentition; Dentition, Mixed; Nasopharynx
PubMed: 36256930
DOI: 10.36740/WLek202209104 -
European Journal of Orthodontics Nov 2023The concept that posterior crossbite is not self-correcting has been controversial in the literature.
BACKGROUND
The concept that posterior crossbite is not self-correcting has been controversial in the literature.
OBJECTIVE
To evaluate the incidence of self-correction of crossbite in different stages of dentition in childhood.
SEARCH METHODS AND SELECTION CRITERIA
A bibliographic search using the acronym PECOS was performed in five databases and in partial grey literature. Studies evaluating children with posterior crossbite in the deciduous or mixed dentition at initial examination and followed for at least 3 years were included.
DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
The data extraction of the studies included presents information on authorship, clinical characteristics, main results, and conclusions. The risk of bias in the studies was evaluated through the Joanna Briggs Institute tool. The certainty of the evidence was assessed using the GRADE tool.
RESULTS
Among the 3045 references identified, seven cohort studies met the eligibility criteria. The studies evaluated patients in transition from deciduous to mixed, mixed to permanent, and deciduous to mixed dentition. Two studies had a low risk of bias, three had a moderate risk, and two had a high risk of bias. The results showed posterior crossbite self-correction frequencies ranging from 12.2 to 77.1% during the transition from primary to mixed dentition, approximately 16% from mixed to permanent dentition, and a range from 20 to 82.8% from deciduous to permanent dentition. The level of certainty of the evidence generated ranged from very low to moderate.
LIMITATIONS
The observational design of the studies, without adequate control for confounding factors, and non-classification of the samples considering the types or the severity of the posterior crossbite.
CONCLUSION
The self-correction of posterior crossbite in childhood is possible. However, the results of this research do not allow to affirm how often the self-correction of posterior crossbite can occur. New studies that assess factors associated with the occurrence of self-correction of this malocclusion, including oral habits, may increase the certainty of the evidence.
REGISTRATION
PROSPERO CRD42022311935.
Topics: Child; Humans; Follow-Up Studies; Malocclusion; Dentition, Permanent; Dentition, Mixed; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 37454178
DOI: 10.1093/ejo/cjad034 -
International Journal of Paediatric... Sep 2020Primary and permanent teeth composition may influence dissolution and degradation rates.
BACKGROUND
Primary and permanent teeth composition may influence dissolution and degradation rates.
AIM
To compare the dissolution and degradation of primary and permanent teeth.
DESIGN
Enamel and dentin powders were obtained from primary molars and premolars and incubated within different pH buffers. Calcium and inorganic phosphate release was quantified in the buffers by atomic absorption and light spectrophotometry. A colorimetric assay was used to assess the MMP activity of primary dentin (PrD) and permanent dentin (PeD). Collagen degradation was assessed by dry mass loss, change in elastic modulus (E), and ICTP and CTX release. Data were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey's tests (α = 0.05).
RESULTS
Similar dissolution was found between PrD and PeD after 256 hours. At pH 4.5, enamel released more minerals than dentin whereas at pH 5.5 the inverse result was observed. MMP activity was similar for both substrates. PrD showed higher dry mass loss after 1 week. In general, greater reduction in E was recorded for PrD. Higher quantities of ICTP and CTX were released from PrD after 1 week.
CONCLUSIONS
Primary and permanent teeth presented similar demineralization rates. Collagen degradation, however, was faster and more substantial for PrD.
Topics: Dentin; Dentition, Permanent; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Molar; Solubility
PubMed: 32077547
DOI: 10.1111/ipd.12632 -
Journal of Orofacial Orthopedics =... May 2023Prediction of unerupted permanent teeth is an essential part of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. This prediction is done by mixed dentition space analysis... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Prediction of unerupted permanent teeth is an essential part of orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning. This prediction is done by mixed dentition space analysis based on the estimation of mesiodistal dimensions of unerupted permanent canine and premolars from already erupted permanent teeth. Permanent mandibular incisors are most commonly used for prediction. Recent literature reveals that mandibular incisors are not accurate predictors and other independent variables have been introduced to make a more accurate and precise prediction. The objective of this paper was to evaluate the literature in light of a variety of independent variables and their predictive accuracy.
METHODS
Electronic databases such as MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL Plus were searched to identify articles published until September 2021.
RESULTS
The search resulted in a total of 1098 articles, of which 24 papers met our inclusion criteria and were included in this review. Articles using permanent mandibular incisors only as a predictor were excluded during the eligibility assessment. The results show that various independent variables including mesiodistal and vestibulo-oral dimensions of permanent maxillary and mandibular incisors and molars, molar basal arch length, intermolar distance, maxillary and mandibular arch and gender have been used as predictors to more accurately determine mesiodistal width of unerupted canine and premolars in different populations.
CONCLUSION
Ethnic tooth size variations strongly emphasize the need to determine which independent variable gives a more accurate prediction of unerupted permanent teeth to develop a population-specific prediction model. This will play a significant role in managing space problems and developing malocclusions.
Topics: Humans; Bicuspid; Cuspid; Tooth, Unerupted; Odontometry; Dentition, Permanent; Dentition, Mixed
PubMed: 35420320
DOI: 10.1007/s00056-022-00392-9 -
Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia May 2023This study investigated the influence of several covariates on the time and sequence of permanent dentition emergence following exfoliation of the deciduous teeth in...
This study investigated the influence of several covariates on the time and sequence of permanent dentition emergence following exfoliation of the deciduous teeth in puppies. The aim was to determine whether the emergence of permanent dentition can be used to assess whether a puppy that is traded across borders in the EU has reached the legally required minimum age of 15 weeks. The events were evaluated in a longitudinal study, with some cross-sectional observations, of 440 puppies belonging to 82 breeds. No significant differences were found between the left and right sides of a puppy's dentition nor between male and female puppies. Breed size and skull type had a significant impact: both the appearance and the completion of tooth eruption occurred considerably later in small or toy breeds and brachycephalic skull type breeds. The sequence of emergence differed little between maxillary or mandibular quadrants or between breeds. The first emerging elements were the maxillary first premolars or first incisors or the mandibular first incisors. The emergence of a permanent tooth usually occurred within 3 days before or after exfoliation of its precursor, except for the canines, which demonstrated a wider tooth replacement interval. This study presents standards for age assessment based on the emergence of permanent dentition for breeds of different sizes, using median ages or cumulative emergence percentages. However, the legal age determination of puppies with an assumed age of 15 weeks cannot be performed based on permanent dentition emergence, as this occurred at a later age in a large proportion of dogs (at least 95%) in our studied population. The probability of being at least 15 weeks old when at least one maxillary tooth has emerged was at least 72.25%, depending on breed size.
Topics: Dogs; Male; Animals; Female; Dentition, Permanent; Tooth, Deciduous; Longitudinal Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Tooth Eruption
PubMed: 36692220
DOI: 10.1111/ahe.12904 -
BMC Oral Health Jan 2021Infiltration and sealing are micro-invasive treatments for arresting proximal non-cavitated caries lesions; however, their efficacies under different conditions remain... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Infiltration and sealing are micro-invasive treatments for arresting proximal non-cavitated caries lesions; however, their efficacies under different conditions remain unknown. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the caries-arresting effectiveness of infiltration and sealing and to further analyse their efficacies across different dentition types and caries risk levels.
METHODS
Six electronic databases were searched for published literature, and references were manually searched. Split-mouth randomised controlled trials (RCTs) to compare the effectiveness between infiltration/sealing and non-invasive treatments in proximal lesions were included. The primary outcome was obtained from radiographical readings.
RESULTS
In total, 1033 citations were identified, and 17 RCTs (22 articles) were included. Infiltration and sealing reduced the odds of lesion progression (infiltration vs. non-invasive: OR = 0.21, 95% CI 0.15-0.30; sealing vs. placebo: OR = 0.27, 95% CI 0.18-0.42). For both the primary and permanent dentitions, infiltration and sealing were more effective than non-invasive treatments (primary dentition: OR = 0.30, 95% CI 0.20-0.45; permanent dentition: OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.14-0.28). The overall effects of infiltration and sealing were significantly different from the control effects based on different caries risk levels (OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.14-0.28). Except for caries risk at moderate levels (moderate risk: OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.01-8.27), there were significant differences between micro-invasive and non-invasive treatments (low risk: OR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.08-0.72; low to moderate risk: OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.18-0.81; moderate to high risk: OR = 0.17, 95% CI 0.10-0.29; and high risk: OR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.07-0.28). Except for caries risk at moderate levels (moderate risk: OR = 0.32, 95% CI 0.01-8.27), infiltration was superior (low risk: OR = 0.24, 95% CI 0.08-0.72; low to moderate risk: OR = 0.38, 95% CI 0.18-0.81; moderate to high risk: OR = 0.20, 95% CI 0.10-0.39; and high risk: OR = 0.14, 95% CI 0.05-0.37).
CONCLUSION
Infiltration and sealing were more efficacious than non-invasive treatments for halting non-cavitated proximal lesions.
Topics: Databases, Factual; Dental Caries; Dentition, Permanent; Humans; Pit and Fissure Sealants; Tooth, Deciduous
PubMed: 33413327
DOI: 10.1186/s12903-020-01364-4