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Nuclear Medicine Communications Dec 2023
Topics: Positron-Emission Tomography; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
PubMed: 37901931
DOI: 10.1097/MNM.0000000000001772 -
PloS One 2022One major challenge in PET radiomics is its sensitivity to noise. Low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) affects not only the precision but also the accuracy of quantitative...
INTRODUCTION
One major challenge in PET radiomics is its sensitivity to noise. Low signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) affects not only the precision but also the accuracy of quantitative metrics extracted from the images resulting in noise-induced bias. This phantom study aims to identify the radiomic features that are robust to noise in terms of precision and accuracy and to explore some methods that might help to correct noise-induced bias.
METHODS
A phantom containing three 18F-FDG filled 3D printed inserts, reflecting heterogeneous tracer uptake and realistic tumor shapes, was used in the study. The three different phantom inserts were filled and scanned with three different tumor-to-background ratios, simulating a total of nine different tumors. From the 40-minute list-mode data, ten frames each for 5 s, 10 s, 30 s, and 120 s frame duration were reconstructed to generate images with different noise levels. Under these noise conditions, the precision and accuracy of the radiomic features were analyzed using intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and similarity distance metric (SDM) respectively. Based on the ICC and SDM values, the radiomic features were categorized into four groups: poor, moderate, good, and excellent precision and accuracy. A "difference image" created by subtracting two statistically equivalent replicate images was used to develop a model to correct the noise-induced bias. Several regression methods (e.g., linear, exponential, sigmoid, and power-law) were tested. The best fitting model was chosen based on Akaike information criteria.
RESULTS
Several radiomic features derived from low SNR images have high repeatability, with 68% of radiomic features having ICC ≥ 0.9 for images with a frame duration of 5 s. However, most features show a systematic bias that correlates with the increase in noise level. Out of 143 features with noise-induced bias, the SDM values were improved based on a regression model (53 features to excellent and 67 to good) indicating that the noise-induced bias of these features can be, at least partially, corrected.
CONCLUSION
To have a predictive value, radiomic features should reflect tumor characteristics and be minimally affected by noise. The present study has shown that it is possible to correct for noise-induced bias, at least in a subset of the features, using a regression model based on the local image noise estimates.
Topics: Bias; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Phantoms, Imaging; Positron-Emission Tomography
PubMed: 36006959
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272643 -
Current Protein & Peptide Science 2020The non-enzymatic interaction of sugar and protein resulting in the formation of advanced glycation end products responsible for cell signaling alterations ultimately... (Review)
Review
The non-enzymatic interaction of sugar and protein resulting in the formation of advanced glycation end products responsible for cell signaling alterations ultimately leads to the human chronic disorders such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, etc. Studies suggest that AGEs upon interaction with receptors for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) result in the production of pro-inflammatory molecules and free radicals that exert altered gene expression effect. To date, many studies unveiled the potent role of synthetic and natural agents in inhibiting the glycation reaction at a lesser or greater extent. This review focuses on the hazards of glycation reaction and its inhibition by natural antioxidants, including polyphenols.
Topics: Antigens, Neoplasm; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Deoxyglucose; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gene Expression Regulation; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Glyoxal; Humans; Lactoylglutathione Lyase; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; NF-kappa B; Neoplasms; Oxidative Stress; Plant Extracts; Polyphenols; Protein Carbonylation; Pyruvaldehyde; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32039678
DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200210103304 -
Radiography (London, England : 1995) Nov 2021Anxiety is an emotional reaction often experienced by patients who undergo Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose... (Review)
Review
INTRODUCTION
Anxiety is an emotional reaction often experienced by patients who undergo Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) with 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (F-FDG). This systematic review aimed to summarise the evidence currently available considering the anxiety experienced by adult oncological patients concerning pre and post F-FDG PET/CT examination and the factors contributing to anxiety.
METHODS
A systematic review search of CINAHL, PsycINFO, PubMed, Scopus and Web Science databases and other manual search sources, was conducted from November to February 2021. The research included articles published from January 2000 to December 2020. It included quantitative studies, which analysed the anxiety experienced by oncological patients who had undergone F-FDG PET/CT.
RESULTS
Ten articles met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. The studies selected were published between 2011 and 2020 and carried out in five countries. Anxiety experienced by patients was evaluated at the various stages of the F-FDG PET/CT, eight studies assessed it in the pre-examination, seven studies in the post-examination and five studies at both times. Four main anxiety factors were found: patients' clinical situation, first-time patients' examination, scan procedure, and patients concern with the examination result.
CONCLUSION
Moderate to high levels of anxiety are present in most of the patients who undergo the examination. This review also highlights several factors related to the anxiety levels through different procedure moments.
IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE
The results of this research will allow health professionals to adjust non-pharmacological strategies to decrease anxiety levels in oncological patients undergoing F-FDG PET/CT.
Topics: Anxiety; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Humans; Medical Oncology; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
PubMed: 34175212
DOI: 10.1016/j.radi.2021.06.001 -
Current Protein & Peptide Science 2020Glycation refers to the covalent binding of sugar molecules to macromolecules, such as DNA, proteins, and lipids in a non-enzymatic reaction, resulting in the formation... (Review)
Review
Glycation refers to the covalent binding of sugar molecules to macromolecules, such as DNA, proteins, and lipids in a non-enzymatic reaction, resulting in the formation of irreversibly bound products known as advanced glycation end products (AGEs). AGEs are synthesized in high amounts both in pathological conditions, such as diabetes and under physiological conditions resulting in aging. The body's anti-glycation defense mechanisms play a critical role in removing glycated products. However, if this defense system fails, AGEs start accumulating, which results in pathological conditions. Studies have been shown that increased accumulation of AGEs acts as key mediators in multiple diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, arthritis, cancer, atherosclerosis, decreased skin elasticity, male erectile dysfunction, pulmonary fibrosis, aging, and Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, glycation of nucleotides, proteins, and phospholipids by α-oxoaldehyde metabolites, such as glyoxal (GO) and methylglyoxal (MGO), causes potential damage to the genome, proteome, and lipidome. Glyoxalase-1 (GLO-1) acts as a part of the anti-glycation defense system by carrying out detoxification of GO and MGO. It has been demonstrated that GLO-1 protects dicarbonyl modifications of the proteome and lipidome, thereby impeding the cell signaling and affecting age-related diseases. Its relationship with detoxification and anti-glycation defense is well established. Glycation of proteins by MGO and GO results in protein misfolding, thereby affecting their structure and function. These findings provide evidence for the rationale that the functional modulation of the GLO pathway could be used as a potential therapeutic target. In the present review, we summarized the newly emerged literature on the GLO pathway, including enzymes regulating the process. In addition, we described small bioactive molecules with the potential to modulate the GLO pathway, thereby providing a basis for the development of new treatment strategies against age-related complications.
Topics: Aging; Deoxyglucose; Diabetes Mellitus; Gene Expression Regulation; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Glyoxal; Humans; Isoenzymes; Lactoylglutathione Lyase; Metabolic Diseases; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Oxidative Stress; Protein Carbonylation; Pyruvaldehyde; Reactive Oxygen Species; Schiff Bases; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32368974
DOI: 10.2174/1389203721666200505101734 -
PET Clinics Jul 2023Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-PET is highly promising for head and neck cancers including oral squamous cell carcinomas, hypopharynx carcinomas,... (Review)
Review
Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-PET is highly promising for head and neck cancers including oral squamous cell carcinomas, hypopharynx carcinomas, adenoid cystic carcinomas, thyroid cancer, and cervical cancer of unknown primary. For oral squamous cell carcinomas, hypopharynx carcinomas, and adenoid cystic carcinomas, Ga-FAPI-PET has high potential for the assessment of primary tumors with impact on radiotherapy planning. Ga-FAPI-PET can be applied for staging of metastasized thyroid carcinomas. To date, the data on cervical cancer of unknown primary are sparse but highly interesting as Ga-FAPI-PET may detect a significant portion of fluoro-deoxyglucose-PET-negative primary tumors.
Topics: Humans; Female; Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Head and Neck; Gallium Radioisotopes; Neoplasms, Unknown Primary; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms; Head and Neck Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Fibroblasts; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18
PubMed: 37019786
DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.02.002 -
Epilepsia Open Mar 2022Infantile spasms (IS) is an epileptic encephalopathy with a poor neurodevelopmental prognosis, and limited, often ineffective treatment options. The effectiveness of...
Infantile spasms (IS) is an epileptic encephalopathy with a poor neurodevelopmental prognosis, and limited, often ineffective treatment options. The effectiveness of metabolic approaches to seizure control is being increasingly shown in a wide variety of epilepsies. This study investigates the efficacy of the glycolysis inhibitor 2-deoxyglucose (2-DG) and the ketone body β-hydroxybutyrate (BHB) in the betamethasone-NMDA model of rat IS. Prenatal rats were exposed to betamethasone on gestational day 15 (G15) and NMDA on postnatal day 15 (P15). Video-electroencephalography (v-EEG) was used to monitor spasms. NMDA consistently induced hyperflexion spasms associated with interictal sharp-slow wave EEG activity and ictal flattening of EEG signals, reminiscent of hypsarrhythmia and electrodecrement, respectively. 2-DG (500 mg/kg, i.p), BHB (200 mg/kg, i.p.), or both were administered immediately after occurrence of the first spasm. No experimental treatment altered significantly the number, severity, or progression of spasms compared with saline treatment. These data suggest that metabolic inhibition of glycolysis or ketogenesis does not reduce infantile spasms in the NMDA model. The study further validates the betamethasone-NMDA model in terms of its behavioral and electrographic resemblance to human IS and supports its use for preclinical drug screening.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Betamethasone; Deoxyglucose; Disease Models, Animal; Female; N-Methylaspartate; Pregnancy; Rats; Seizures; Spasm; Spasms, Infantile
PubMed: 34784103
DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12561 -
Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban =... Aug 2022Epilepsy is a syndrome of central nervous system dysfunction caused by many reasons, which is mainly characterized by abnormal discharge of neurons in the brain....
OBJECTIVES
Epilepsy is a syndrome of central nervous system dysfunction caused by many reasons, which is mainly characterized by abnormal discharge of neurons in the brain. Therefore, finding new targets for epilepsy therapy has always been the focus and hotspot in neurological research field. Studies have found that 2-deoxy--glucose (2-DG) exerts anti-epileptic effect by up-regulation of K channel subunit mRNA and protein. By using the database of TargetScan and miRBase to perform complementary pairing analysis on the sequences of miRNA and related target genes, it predicted that miR-194 might be the upstream signaling molecule of K channel. This study aims to explore the mechanism by which 2-DG exerts its anti-epileptic effect by regulating K channel subunits and via miR-194.
METHODS
A magnesium-free epilepsy model was established and randomly divided into a control group, an epilepsy group (EP group), an EP+2-DG group, and miR-194 groups (including EP+miR-194 mimic, EP+miR-194 mimic+2-DG, EP+miR-194 mimic control, EP+miR-194 inhibitor, EP+miR-194 inhibitor+2-DG, and EP+miR-194 inhibitor control groups). The 2-DG was used to intervene miR-194 mimics, patch-clamp method was used to detect the spontaneous recurrent epileptiform discharges, real-time PCR was used to detect neuronal , and expressions, and the protein levels of Kir6.1 and Kir6.2were detected by Western blotting.
RESULTS
Compared with the control group, there was no significant difference in the amplitude of spontaneous discharge potential in the EP group (>0.05), but the frequency of spontaneous discharge was increased (<0.05). Compared with the EP group, the frequency of spontaneous discharge was decreased (<0.05). Compared with the EP+miR-194 mimic control group, the mRNA and protein expressions of and in the EP+miR-194 mimic group were down-regulated (all <0.05). Compared with the EP+miR-194 inhibitor control group, the mRNA and protein expressions of and in the EP+miR-194 inhibitor group were up-regulated (all <0.05). After pretreatment with miR-194 mimics, the mRNA and protein expression levels of K channel subunits and were decreased (all <0.05). Compared with the EP+2-DG group, the mRNA and protein expression levels of and in the EP+miR-194 mimic+2-DG group were down-regulated (all <0.05) and the mRNA and protein expression levels of and in the EP+miR-194 inhibitor+2-DG group were up-regulated (all <0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The 2-DG might play an anti-epilepsy effect by up-regulating K channel subunits Kir6.1 and Kir6.2via miR-194.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Anticonvulsants; Deoxyglucose; Epilepsy; Glucose; Humans; MicroRNAs; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; RNA, Messenger; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 36097778
DOI: 10.11817/j.issn.1672-7347.2022.220111 -
BioMed Research International 2020Our previous research suggests that 3-deoxyglucosone (3DG), formed in the caramelization course and Maillard reactions in food, is an independent factor for the...
Our previous research suggests that 3-deoxyglucosone (3DG), formed in the caramelization course and Maillard reactions in food, is an independent factor for the development of prediabetes. Since the relationship between type 2 diabetes (T2D) and intestinal microbiota is moving from correlation to causality, we investigated the alterations in the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota in 3DG-induced prediabetic rats. Rats were given 50 mg/kg 3DG by intragastric administration for two weeks. Microbial profiling in faeces samples was determined through the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) levels in plasma and intestinal tissues were measured by ELISA and Limulus test, respectively. 3DG treatment did not significantly change the richness and evenness but affected the composition of intestinal microbiota. At the phylum level, 3DG treatment increased the abundance of nondominant bacteria but did not cause the change of the dominant bacteria. Meanwhile, the abundance of the family and genus and the family and order and its attachment to the class were overrepresented in the 3DG group. The bacteria of genus, genus, and family and its attachment to order were apparently more abundant in the control group. In addition, 45 KEGG pathways were altered after two-week intragastric administration of 3DG. Among these KEGG pathways, 13 KEGG pathways were involved in host metabolic function related to amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, metabolism of cofactors and vitamins, and metabolism of terpenoids and polyketides. Moreover, the increased LPS levels and the decreased GLP-2 concentration in plasma and intestinal tissues were observed in 3DG-treated rats, together with the impaired fasting glucose and oral glucose tolerance. The alterations in composition and function of the intestinal microbiota were observed in 3DG-treated rats, which provides a possible mechanism linking exogenous 3DG intake to the development of prediabetes.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Deoxyglucose; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucagon-Like Peptide 2; Glucose Tolerance Test; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Prediabetic State; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Rats, Sprague-Dawley
PubMed: 32908918
DOI: 10.1155/2020/8406846 -
Journal of Nuclear Medicine : Official... Apr 2021
Topics: Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Tomography, X-Ray Computed
PubMed: 33037093
DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.256453