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International Journal of Occupational... Dec 2022. This study investigated the association between unemployment and depressive symptoms and major depression disorder worldwide using a systematic review and... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
. This study investigated the association between unemployment and depressive symptoms and major depression disorder worldwide using a systematic review and meta-analysis. . Search time was limited to all articles published in English until December 2020. In the association between unemployment and depression, first, the results of qualified studies were extracted and, then, the results of each study were pooled with each other using the random effects method. . The prevalence of depression in the unemployed is 21%, 95% confidence interval (CI) [18, 24%]. This prevalence for depression symptoms is 24%, 95% CI [20, 28%] and for major depressive disorder is 16%, 95% CI [9-24%]. The association between unemployment and depressive symptoms was odds ratio () 2.06, 95% CI [1.85, 2.30] and the association for major depressive disorder was 1.88, 95% CI [1.57, 2.25]. The association between unemployment and depression in men was 2.27, 95% CI [1.76, 2.93] and in women was 1.62, 95% CI [1.40, 1.87]. . What is clear from the present study is that unemployment can lead to a higher prevalence of depressive symptoms and major depressive disorder, thereby undermining the mental health of the unemployed.
Topics: Male; Female; Humans; Unemployment; Depressive Disorder, Major; Depression; Prevalence; Mental Health
PubMed: 34259616
DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.1954793 -
Sleep May 2022
Topics: Anxiety; Anxiety Disorders; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Female; Humans; Pregnancy; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders
PubMed: 35554574
DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac029 -
Psychological Assessment Aug 2020In epidemiology and psychiatry research, the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) is commonly used to assess offspring's perception on maternal and paternal behavior during...
In epidemiology and psychiatry research, the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) is commonly used to assess offspring's perception on maternal and paternal behavior during childhood. We tested the 2- versus 3-factor structure of the 16-item version and assessed measurement invariance across sex and across lifetime depressed, anxious, comorbid affected, and healthy participants. Subsequently, we investigated PBI dimensions across sex and psychopathology groups using structural equation modeling. Participants were 2,069 adults with a lifetime affective disorder and healthy controls, ages 26-75, from the Netherlands. Our findings support the 3-factor solution of the distinct mother and father scales, distinguishing care, overprotection, and autonomy (previously "authoritarianism"). Moreover, measurement of the PBI appeared to be invariant across groups, indicating that means and relations can be reliably compared across sex and psychopathology groups. Men reported more maternal overprotection and paternal lack of care, whereas females reported higher paternal and maternal lack of autonomy and maternal lack of care levels compared with males. Lack of care and lack of autonomy levels were elevated in all affected groups, with the comorbid group showing highest levels of all 3 PBI dimensions. Adults with anxiety disorders reported heightened maternal lack of autonomy levels compared with the depression group and healthy controls. Adults with a depressive disorder reported heightened paternal lack of care levels as compared with the anxiety group and healthy controls. We advocate to use the 3-factor structure and conclude that suboptimal parental bonding, mainly lack of care and lack of autonomy, is associated with lifetime anxiety and depression. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anxiety Disorders; Case-Control Studies; Child; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Object Attachment; Parent-Child Relations; Parenting; Psychological Tests; Psychometrics
PubMed: 32463266
DOI: 10.1037/pas0000864 -
International Review of Neurobiology 2020Compelling evidence have highlighted the role of inflammation as a possible mechanism linking environmental stress to the development of depression. In particular, the... (Review)
Review
Compelling evidence have highlighted the role of inflammation as a possible mechanism linking environmental stress to the development of depression. In particular, the communication between the peripheral and the brain immune system might lead to brain inflammatory processes, in turn causing impaired neurogenesis and neural plasticity. As a consequence, measuring brain inflammation and its possible correlation with peripheral inflammatory processes has become the focus (and a challenge) for a number of recent studies. In this chapter we review the evidence on the link between stress, peripheral and brain inflammation and the way to measure it, through preclinical, post-mortem and clinical models of depression and in healthy humans. We describe the concept of microglial activation as a marker of neuroinflammation and the potential use of anti-inflammatory treatments in depression. The paper concludes by highlighting the unresolved questions and challenges for future studies.
Topics: Animals; Depression; Depressive Disorder; Encephalitis; Humans; Immune System
PubMed: 32450998
DOI: 10.1016/bs.irn.2019.12.004 -
PloS One 2022This research investigates whether thinking about the consequences of a problem being resolved can improve social problem-solving in clinical depression. We also explore...
This research investigates whether thinking about the consequences of a problem being resolved can improve social problem-solving in clinical depression. We also explore whether impaired social problem solving is related to inhibitory control. Thirty-six depressed and 43 non-depressed participants were presented with six social problems and were asked to generate consequences for the problems being resolved or remaining unresolved. Participants were then asked to solve the problems and recall all the consequences initially generated. Participants also completed the Emotional Stroop and Flanker tasks. We found that whilst depressed participants were impaired at social problem-solving after generating unresolved consequences, they were successful at generating solutions for problems for which they previously generated resolved consequences. Depressed participants were also impaired on the Stroop task, providing support for an impaired inhibitory control account of social problem-solving. These findings advance our understanding of the mechanisms underpinning social problem-solving in depression and may contribute to the development of new therapeutic interventions to improve social-problem solving in depression.
Topics: Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Emotions; Humans; Problem Solving; Social Problems
PubMed: 35771846
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270661 -
BMJ (Clinical Research Ed.) Jan 2024
Topics: Female; Pregnancy; Humans; Depression; Depressive Disorder
PubMed: 38195147
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.p2777 -
The Psychiatric Clinics of North America Jun 2023Major depressive disorder is characterized by depressed mood and/or anhedonia with neurovegetative symptoms and neurocognitive changes affecting an individual's... (Review)
Review
Major depressive disorder is characterized by depressed mood and/or anhedonia with neurovegetative symptoms and neurocognitive changes affecting an individual's functioning in multiple aspects of life. Treatment outcomes with commonly used antidepressants remain suboptimal. Treatment-resistant depression (TRD) should be considered after inadequate improvement with two or more antidepressant treatments of adequate dose and duration. TRD has been associated with increased disease burden including higher associated costs (both socially and financially) affecting both the individual and society. Additional research is needed to better understand the long-term burden of TRD to both the individual and society.
Topics: Humans; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Antidepressive Agents; Depressive Disorder, Treatment-Resistant; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 37149341
DOI: 10.1016/j.psc.2023.02.001 -
Zeitschrift Fur Gerontologie Und... May 2024
Topics: Humans; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Male; Female; Germany; Depressive Disorder; Depression
PubMed: 38717489
DOI: 10.1007/s00391-024-02306-3 -
Journal of Clinical Rheumatology :... Jan 2022The presented study aimed to explore the presence and the self-identification of depressive symptoms among patients with rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs)...
OBJECTIVES
The presented study aimed to explore the presence and the self-identification of depressive symptoms among patients with rheumatic musculoskeletal diseases (RMDs) through the use of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9).
METHODS
Between June and October 2019, patients from the regional association for people with RMDs in Lombardy, Italy (ALOMAR), were invited to participate in a cross-sectional online survey. Participants completed PHQ-9 along with a survey about their perception of depressive symptoms. Patients were stratified according to PHQ-9 score as follows: not depressed (<4), subclinical or mild depression (5-9), moderate depression (10-14), moderately severe depression (10-14), and severe depression (20-27). Descriptive statistics and analyses of variance were used to explore data.
RESULTS
Of the 192 RMD patients who completed PHQ-9, 35 (18.2%) were not depressed, 68 (35.4%) had subclinical or mild depression, 42 (21.9%) had moderate depression, 30 (15.6%) had moderately severe depression, and 17 (8.9%) had severe depression. Contrary to the above findings, only 16 respondents (8.3%) reported that they experienced depressive symptoms, and only 7 of the 16 were being followed by a psychiatrist. Respondents with higher PHQ-9 scores tended to have concomitant fibromyalgia, to be younger, and to be overweight.
CONCLUSIONS
The current results indicate the overall burden of depressive symptoms in RMD patients. While clinical depression (PHQ-9 >10) was detected in 41.2% of respondents, only 8.3% reported that they experience depressive symptoms. Routine screening of RMD patients for depression is therefore critical.
Topics: Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Depressive Disorder, Major; Humans; Perception; Rheumatic Diseases
PubMed: 32925449
DOI: 10.1097/RHU.0000000000001564 -
Current Opinion in Psychiatry Jan 2024Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and burdensome severe mental disorder, which is expected to become the leading cause of disease burden worldwide. Most... (Review)
Review
PURPOSE OF REVIEW
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a common and burdensome severe mental disorder, which is expected to become the leading cause of disease burden worldwide. Most patients with MDD remain untreated/undertreated. For many decades "a trial and error" approach has been adopted for selecting the best treatment plan for each individual patient, but more recently a personalized treatment approach has been proposed, by taking into account several individual and clinical factors (e.g., clinical stage, comorbidity, duration of illness). Therefore, the aim of this study is to address the most relevant innovations in the personalized treatment plan for patients with MDD.
RECENT FINDINGS
In recent years, several pharmacological and nonpharmacological innovations have been introduced in the treatment of patients with MDD. As regards pharmacological treatments, the newly developed drugs have an innovative mechanism of action, targeting the glutamatergic systems. These drugs are highly effective in improving depressive symptoms, with a good level of safety and tolerability. As regards nonpharmacological interventions, innovations include both new strategies targeting different domains (e.g., lifestyle interventions aiming to improve the physical symptoms of depression or virtual reality) and classical interventions provided through innovative mechanisms (e.g., web-based psychotherapies and use of digital approaches). Patients globally report a good level of acceptability of these interventions.
SUMMARY
Depression is a heterogeneous, complex and multidimensional disorder, representing one of the leading causes of disability worldwide. The final aim of the management of patients is functional recovery, which can be achieved by using personalized, integrated and recovery-oriented interventions. Several innovative pharmacological and nonpharmacological treatments are now available; interventions should be selected on the basis of the patient's needs and preferences in order to tailor the treatment, according to a shared decision-making approach.
Topics: Humans; Depressive Disorder, Major; Depression; Precision Medicine; Psychotherapy; Comorbidity
PubMed: 37865845
DOI: 10.1097/YCO.0000000000000903