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Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2021Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most prevalent movement disorder known and predominantly affects the elderly. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disease wherein...
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most prevalent movement disorder known and predominantly affects the elderly. It is a progressive neurodegenerative disease wherein α-synuclein, a neuronal protein, aggregates to form toxic structures in nerve cells. The cause of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown. Intestinal dysfunction and changes in the gut microbiota, common symptoms of PD, are evidently linked to the pathogenesis of PD. Although a multitude of studies have investigated microbial etiologies of PD, the microbial role in disease progression remains unclear. Here, we show that Gram-negative sulfate-reducing bacteria of the genus may play a potential role in the development of PD. Conventional and quantitative real-time PCR analysis of feces from twenty PD patients and twenty healthy controls revealed that all PD patients harbored bacteria in their gut microbiota and these bacteria were present at higher levels in PD patients than in healthy controls. Additionally, the concentration of species correlated with the severity of PD. bacteria produce hydrogen sulfide and lipopolysaccharide, and several strains synthesize magnetite, all of which likely induce the oligomerization and aggregation of α-synuclein protein. The substances originating from bacteria likely take part in pathogenesis of PD. These findings may open new avenues for the treatment of PD and the identification of people at risk for developing PD.
Topics: Aged; Bacteria; Desulfovibrio; Humans; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Parkinson Disease; alpha-Synuclein
PubMed: 34012926
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.652617 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Feb 2023Heavy metal pollution in the mining areas leads to serious environmental problems. The biological sulfidogenic process (BSP) mediated by sulfidogenic bacteria has been... (Review)
Review
Heavy metal pollution in the mining areas leads to serious environmental problems. The biological sulfidogenic process (BSP) mediated by sulfidogenic bacteria has been considered an attractive technology for the treatment and remediation of metal-contaminated water and groundwater. Notwithstanding, BSP driven by different sulfidogenic bacteria could affect the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the treatment performance in practical applications, such as the microbial intolerance of pH and metal ions, the formation of toxic byproducts, and the consumption of organic electron donors. Sulfur-reducing bacteria (SRB)-driven BSP has been demonstrated to be a promising alternative to the commonly used sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB)-driven BSP for treating metal-contaminated wastewater and groundwater, due to the cost-saving in chemical addition, the high efficiency in sulfide production and metal removal efficiency. Although the SRB-driven BSP has been developed and applied for decades, the present review works mainly focus on the developments in SRB-driven BSP for the treatment and remediation of metal-contaminated wastewater and groundwater. Accordingly, a comprehensive review for metal-contaminated wastewater treatment and groundwater remediation should be provided with the incorporation of the SRB- and SRB-driven BSP. To identify the bottlenecks and to improve BSP performance, this paper reviews sulfidogenic bacteria presenting in metal-contaminated water and groundwater; highlight the critical factors for the metabolism of sulfidogenic bacteria during BSP; the ecological roles of sulfidogenic bacteria and the mechanisms of metal removal by sulfidogenic bacteria; and the application of the present sulfidogenic systems and their drawbacks. Accordingly, the research knowledge gaps, current process limitations, and future prospects were provided for improving the performance of BSP in the treatment and remediation of metal-contaminated wastewater and groundwater in mining areas.
Topics: Wastewater; Water Pollution; Groundwater; Metals; Desulfovibrio; Water
PubMed: 36444068
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.130377 -
Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic... Jul 2021is an obligate intracellular bacterium associated with enteric disease in pigs. Clinical signs include weight loss, diarrhea, and, in some cases, sudden death. The... (Review)
Review
is an obligate intracellular bacterium associated with enteric disease in pigs. Clinical signs include weight loss, diarrhea, and, in some cases, sudden death. The hallmark lesion is the thickening of the intestinal mucosa caused by increased epithelial cell replication, known as proliferative enteropathy. The immune response to is not well defined, and detection of the infection, especially in the early stages, is still a significant challenge. We review here the main approaches used to identify this important but poorly understood pathogen. Detection of infection as the cause of clinical disease is confounded by the high prevalence of the pathogen in many countries and that several other pathogens can produce similar clinical signs. A single -specific ELISA and several amplification assays are available commercially to aid detection and surveillance, although histopathology remains the primary way to reach a conclusive diagnosis. There are major gaps in our understanding of pathogenesis, especially how the host responds to infection and the factors that drive infection toward different clinical outcomes. Knowledge of pathogenesis will increase the predictive value of antemortem tests to guide appropriate interventions, including identification and treatment of subclinically affected pigs in the early stages of disease, given that this important manifestation reduces pig productivity and contributes to the economic burden of worldwide.
Topics: Animals; Desulfovibrionaceae Infections; Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures; Lawsonia Bacteria; Sus scrofa; Swine; Swine Diseases
PubMed: 33739176
DOI: 10.1177/10406387211003551 -
Nan Fang Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao = Journal... Jul 2022To investigate the effect of QH06 on TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats and explore the mechanisms in light of intestinal flora and intestinal immunity.
OBJECTIVE
To investigate the effect of QH06 on TNBS-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in rats and explore the mechanisms in light of intestinal flora and intestinal immunity.
METHODS
Thirty-six male Wistar rats were randomized equally into control group, UC model group, and . QH06 intervention group. The rats in the latter two groups were subjected to colonic enema with 5% TNBS/ethanol to induce UC, followed by treatment with intragastric administration of distilled water or . QH06 at the dose of 0.21 g/kg. After 14 days of treatment, the rats were examined for colon pathologies with HE staining. The mRNA and protein expression levels of IL-4, IL-10, IL-12, and IFN-γ in the colon tissues were detected using RT-qPCR and ELISA, and the expression of TLR2 protein was detected with immunohistochemistry and ELISA. Illumina Miseq platform was used for sequencing analysis of the intestinal flora of the rats with bioinformatics analysis. The correlations of the parameters of the intestinal flora with the expression levels of TLR2 and cytokines were analyzed.
RESULTS
The rats with TNBS- induced UC showed obvious weight loss ( < 0.01) and severe colon tissue injury with high pathological scores ( < 0.01). The protein expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-12, and TLR2 ( < 0.01) and the mRNA expression levels of IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-10 ( < 0.05) were significantly increased in the colon tissues of the rats with UC. Illumina Miseq sequence analysis showed that in UC rats, the Shannon index ( < 0.05) ACE ( < 0.01)and Chao ( < 0.05) index for the diversity of intestinal flora both decreased with a significantly increased abundance of ( < 0.01) and a lowered abundance of ( < 0.05). Compared with the UC rats, the rats treated with . QH06 showed obvious body weight gain ( < 0.05), lessened colon injuries, lowered pathological score of the colon tissue ( < 0.05), decreased protein expressions of IFN- γ, IL- 12, and TLR2 and mRNA expressions of IFN- γ and IL-12 ( < 0.01 or 0.05), and increased protein expressions of IL- 4 ( < 0.05). The Shannon index ACE ( < 0.05) and Chao ( < 0.05) index of intestinal microflora were significantly increased, the abundance of was lowered and that of and was increased in . QH06- treated rats ( < 0.01 or 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that IFN-γ was positively correlated with the abundance of , and IFN-γ was negatively correlated with the abundance of , , ___ and __; TLR2 was negatively correlated with __, ___ and .
CONCLUSION
. QH06 can alleviate TNBS-induced colonic mucosal injury in rats, and its effect is mediated possibly by increasing the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria such as and inhibiting abnormal immune responses mediated by TLR2.
Topics: Animals; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colon; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-12; Male; RNA, Messenger; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Toll-Like Receptor 2
PubMed: 35869759
DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2022.07.03 -
International Journal of Biological... Feb 2023Obesity is a global epidemic, it can induce glucose and lipid metabolism disorder and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study explored a new way to control...
Obesity is a global epidemic, it can induce glucose and lipid metabolism disorder and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This study explored a new way to control weight and improve fatty liver, namely, living in hypoxia environment and supplement with lactoferrin (Lf). Sixty male C57BL/6J mice were divided into six groups, namely, control, hypoxia, high-fat diet, hypoxia + high-fat diet, hypoxia + high-fat diet + low dose Lf intervention, and hypoxia + high-fat diet + high-dose Lf intervention. Mice in the hypoxia treatment groups were treated with approximately 11.5 % oxygen for 6 h every day for 8 weeks. Results showed that interventions combining Lf and hypoxia treatments showed better effect against obesity and NAFLD than hypoxia treatment alone. The interventions controlled weight gain in mice, improved glucolipid metabolism in mice. The combination intervention reduced cholesterol absorption by reducing the level of hydrophobic bile acids, and elevating the level of hydrophilic bile acids. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that the combination intervention considerably elevated short chain fatty acids (SCFAs)-producing bacteria level, and reduced the Desulfovibrionaceae_unclassified level. Thus, Lf combined with hypoxia intervention effectively prevents obesity and NAFLD by restoring gut microbiota composition and bile acid profile.
Topics: Animals; Male; Mice; Bile Acids and Salts; Diet, High-Fat; Hypoxia; Lactoferrin; Liver; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Obesity
PubMed: 36563804
DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.211 -
Microorganisms Aug 2021The presence of methylmercury in aquatic environments and marine food sources is of global concern. The chemical reaction for the addition of a methyl group to inorganic...
The presence of methylmercury in aquatic environments and marine food sources is of global concern. The chemical reaction for the addition of a methyl group to inorganic mercury occurs in diverse bacterial taxonomic groups including the Gram-negative, sulfate-reducing family that inhabit extreme aquatic environments. The availability of whole-genome sequence datasets for members of the presents opportunities to understand the microbial mechanisms that contribute to methylmercury production in extreme aquatic environments. We have applied bioinformatics resources and developed visual analytics resources to categorize a collection of 719 putative universal stress protein (USP) sequences predicted from 93 genomes of . We have focused our bioinformatics investigations on protein sequence analytics by developing interactive visualizations to categorize universal stress proteins by protein domain composition and functionally important amino acids. We identified 651 universal stress protein sequences, of which 488 sequences had only one USP domain and 163 had two USP domains. The 488 single USP domain sequences were further categorized into 340 sequences with ATP-binding motif and 148 sequences without ATP-binding motif. The 163 double USP domain sequences were categorized into (1) both USP domains with ATP-binding motif (3 sequences); (2) both USP domains without ATP-binding motif (138 sequences); and (3) one USP domain with ATP-binding motif (21 sequences). We developed visual analytics resources to facilitate the investigation of these categories of datasets in the presence or absence of the mercury-methylating gene pair (). Future research could utilize these functional categories to investigate the participation of universal stress proteins in the bacterial cellular uptake of inorganic mercury and methylmercury production, especially in anaerobic aquatic environments.
PubMed: 34442859
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081780 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2022Fenofibrate, as a lipid-lowering drug, has been reported to have a protective effect on the retina independent with plasma lipid levels. This study aimed to investigate...
Fenofibrate, as a lipid-lowering drug, has been reported to have a protective effect on the retina independent with plasma lipid levels. This study aimed to investigate that the ameliorative effects of fenofibrate on systemic and retinal inflammation, as well as gut microbiota dysbiosis in high-fat diet (HFD)-induced mice. C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into four groups: standard diet (SD) group; HFD group; SD plus fenofibrate (SD_ Fe) group; HFD plus fenofibrate (HFD_ Fe) group. After successfully establishing models (5 months), indicators associated with lipid, gut barrier, inflammation and gut microbiota were investigated. Our results showed that supplementing the HFD with fenofibrate decreased body weight gain, alleviated dyslipidemia and reversed the downregulation of short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) in serum, retina and feces. Fenofibrate ameliorated intestinal barrier function damage in HFD-induced mice. Fenofibrate coadministration inhibited the levels of inflammatory factor and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the serum and attenuated inflammatory response in the retina of HFD-induced mice. Systemic LPS was positively correlated with a series of inflammatory factors in serum and retina, respectively. Fenofibrate supplementation down-regulated the abundances of LPS-associated bacteria in HFD mice, including and at the phylum level, at the family level, as well as , , , and at the genus level. However, fenofibrate treatment up-regulated the abundances of SCFA-associated bacteria in HFD mice, including at the phylum level, at the family level, as well as , , and at the genus level. In conclusion, our results confirmed fenofibrate could attenuate HFD-induced systemic and retinal inflammation, accompanying with restoration of intestinal barrier damage and modulation of gut microbiota/metabolites. This work provided an explanation for the ameliorative effects of fenofibrate on HFD-induced systemic and retinal inflammation might be partially related with the modulation of gut microbiota and its metabolites.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Diet, High-Fat; Fenofibrate; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Retina
PubMed: 35719341
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.839592 -
BMC Microbiology Feb 2021The microbiota plays an important role in host health. Although rubidium (Rb) has been used to study its effects on depression and cancers, the interaction between...
BACKGROUND
The microbiota plays an important role in host health. Although rubidium (Rb) has been used to study its effects on depression and cancers, the interaction between microbial commensals and Rb is still unexplored. To gain the knowledge of the relationship between Rb and microbes, 51 mice receiving RbCl-based treatment and 13 untreated mice were evaluated for their characteristics and bacterial microbiome changes.
RESULTS
The 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing of fecal microbiota showed that RbCl generally maintained fecal microbial community diversity, while the shifts in fecal microbial composition were apparent after RbCl exposure. RbCl significantly enhanced the abundances of Rikenellaceae, Alistipes, Clostridium XlVa and sulfate-reducing bacteria including Deltaproteobacteria, Desulfovibrionales, Desulfovibrionaceae and Desulfovibrio, but significantly inhibited the abundances of Tenericutes, Mollicutes, Anaeroplasmatales, Anaeroplasmataceae and Anaeroplasma lineages. With regarding to the archaea, we only observed two less richness archaea Sulfolobus and Acidiplasma at the genus level.
CONCLUSIONS
Changes of fecal microbes may in part contribute to the anticancer or anti-depressant effects of RbCl. These findings further validate that the microbiome could be a target for therapeutic intervention.
Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Bacteria; Chlorides; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Male; Mice; Rubidium; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
PubMed: 33588762
DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02095-4 -
Chembiochem : a European Journal of... Jun 2020Hydrogenases (H ase) catalyze the oxidation of dihydrogen and the reduction of protons with remarkable efficiency, thereby attracting considerable attention in the... (Review)
Review
Hydrogenases (H ase) catalyze the oxidation of dihydrogen and the reduction of protons with remarkable efficiency, thereby attracting considerable attention in the energy field due to their biotechnological potential. For this simple reaction, [NiFe] H ase has developed a sophisticated but intricate mechanism with the heterolytic cleavage of dihydrogen, where its Ni-Fe active site exhibits various redox states. Recently, new spectroscopic and crystal structure studies of [NiFe] H ases have been reported, providing significant insights into the catalytic reaction mechanism, hydrophobic gas-access tunnel, proton-transfer pathway, and electron-transfer pathway of [NiFe] H ases. In addition, [NiFe] H ases have been shown to play an important role in biofuel cell and solar dihydrogen production. This concept provides an overview of the biocatalytic reaction mechanism and biochemical application of [NiFe] H ases based on the new findings.
Topics: Archaeal Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Biocatalysis; Bioelectric Energy Sources; Catalytic Domain; Cupriavidus necator; Desulfovibrio gigas; Desulfovibrio vulgaris; Electrons; Humans; Hydrogen; Hydrogenase; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Iron-Sulfur Proteins; Methanosarcina barkeri; Oxidation-Reduction; Protons; Solar Energy
PubMed: 32180334
DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202000058 -
Microorganisms Mar 2022The gut microbiome is a large and complex organic assemblage with subtle and close relationships with the host. This symbiotic mechanism is important for the health and...
BACKGROUND
The gut microbiome is a large and complex organic assemblage with subtle and close relationships with the host. This symbiotic mechanism is important for the health and adaptability of the host to the environment. Compared with other ruminants, there are few studies on yak intestinal microbes. The study of the gut microbiota of the yak will help us better understand the correlation between the microbiota and the environmental adaptability of the host. In this study, we adapted 16S rDNA sequencing technology to investigate the diversity and composition of the intestinal microbial community in free-range yaks and captive yaks living on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP).
RESULTS
Sequencing results showed that the intestinal microbial community diversity was significantly different between free-range yaks and captive yaks. and were the dominant bacteria in both free-range and captive yaks. However, there were differences between the microbes of the two analyzed feeding styles in different classification levels. Compared with the captive type, free-range yaks had a higher abundance of , , , , and , while the abundance of , , , , , and was relatively low. The feeding method may be the key factor for the formation of intestinal flora differences in yaks, while altitude did not significantly affect Qinghai yak.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, we used 16S rDNA sequencing technology to investigate the composition of intestinal flora in free-range and captive yaks living on the QTP. The exploration of dietary factors can provide a theoretical basis for scientifically and rationally breeding yaks and provides a new direction for the development of prebiotics and microecological agents.
PubMed: 35456805
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10040754