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Microbiome Jan 2024The overgrowth of Desulfovibrio, an inflammation promoting flagellated bacteria, has been found in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. However, the molecular mechanism in...
BACKGROUND
The overgrowth of Desulfovibrio, an inflammation promoting flagellated bacteria, has been found in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients. However, the molecular mechanism in promoting colitis remains unestablished.
METHODS
The relative abundance Desulfovibrio vulgaris (D. vulgaris) in stool samples of UC patients was detected. Mice were treated with dextran sulfate sodium to induce colitis with or without administration of D. vulgaris or D. vulgaris flagellin (DVF), and the severity of colitis and the leucine-rich repeat containing 19 (LRRC19) signaling were assessed. The interaction between DVF and LRRC19 was identified by surface plasmon resonance and intestinal organoid culture. Lrrc19 and Tlr5 mice were used to investigate the indispensable role of LRRC19. Finally, the blockade of DVF-LRRC19 interaction was selected through virtual screening and the efficacy in colitis was assessed.
RESULTS
D. vulgaris was enriched in fecal samples of UC patients and was correlated with the disease severity. D. vulgaris or DVF treatment significantly exacerbated colitis in germ-free mice and conventional mice. Mechanistically, DVF could interact with LRRC19 (rather than TLR5) in colitis mice and organoids, and then induce the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Lrrc19 knockdown blunted the severity of colitis. Furthermore, typhaneoside, a blockade of binding interfaces, blocked DVF-LRRC19 interaction and dramatically ameliorated DVF-induced colitis.
CONCLUSIONS
D. vulgaris could promote colitis through DVF-LRRC19 interaction. Targeting DVF-LRRC19 interaction might be a new therapeutic strategy for UC therapy. Video Abstract.
Topics: Humans; Mice; Animals; Toll-Like Receptor 5; Desulfovibrio vulgaris; Colitis; Colitis, Ulcerative; Inflammation; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Colon; Receptors, Cell Surface
PubMed: 38172943
DOI: 10.1186/s40168-023-01722-8 -
Microorganisms Feb 2023The diversity and activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the camel gut remains largely unexplored. An abundant SRB community has been previously revealed in the...
The diversity and activity of sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) in the camel gut remains largely unexplored. An abundant SRB community has been previously revealed in the feces of Bactrian camels (). This study aims to combine the 16S rRNA gene profiling, sulfate reduction rate (SRR) measurement with a radioactive tracer, and targeted cultivation to shed light on SRB activity in the camel gut. Fresh feces of 55 domestic Bactrian camels grazing freely on semi-arid mountain pastures in the Kosh-Agach district of the Russian Altai area were analyzed. Feces were sampled in early winter at an ambient temperature of -15 °C, which prevented possible contamination. SRR values measured with a radioactive tracer in feces were relatively high and ranged from 0.018 to 0.168 nmol S cm day. The 16S rRNA gene profiles revealed the presence of Gram-negative and spore-forming . Targeted isolation allowed us to obtain four pure culture isolates belonging to and . An active SRB community may affect the iron and copper availability in the camel intestine due to metal ions precipitation in the form of sparingly soluble sulfides. The copper-iron sulfide, chalcopyrite (CuFeS), was detected by X-ray diffraction in 36 out of 55 analyzed camel feces. In semi-arid areas, gypsum, like other evaporite sulfates, can be used as a solid-phase electron acceptor for sulfate reduction in the camel gastrointestinal tract.
PubMed: 36838366
DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11020401 -
Journal of Food Biochemistry Apr 2021The current study employed high-fat diet (HFD) induced murine model to assess the relationship between the lipid-lowering effect of aged citrus peel (chenpi) extract and...
The current study employed high-fat diet (HFD) induced murine model to assess the relationship between the lipid-lowering effect of aged citrus peel (chenpi) extract and the alterations of gut microbiota. The results showed that intake of chenpi extract for 12 week dose-dependently suppressed HFD-induced body weight, food intake, Lee's index, together with decreased the level of fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Moreover, chenpi extract administration up-regulated the abundance and diversity of fecal microbiota and down-regulated the ratio of Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes, which was characterized by the lower family of Lachnospiraceae, Helicobacteraceae, and Desulfovibrionaceae, and higher family of Bacteroidales_S24-7, Bacteroidaceae, Rikenellaceae, and Ruminococcaceae. Consistently, at the genus levels, chenpi extract treatment reversed the expansions of Helicobacter, Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006, and Desulfovibrio, while increased the abundance of Bacteroides, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, and Alistipes (belonging to Rikenellaceae family), Anaerotruncus and Odoribacter (belonging to Ruminococcaceae family), which were significantly negatively correlated with the levels of the serum lipid parameters. In conclusion, our findings indicated that anti-obesity ability of chenpi extract might be related to the improvement of gut microbiota imbalance. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: With the improvement of living standards, the incidence of metabolic diseases such as obesity, hypertension, and diabetes has increased significantly, and it has become a public health problem that seriously affects the health of the people. Chenpi contains a large amount of active ingredients, flavonoids, and other compounds, which can promote the absorption of the digestive system and have good effects on diseases such as the cardiovascular system. Our previous study has confirmed that the chenpi extract effectively regulated the glucose and lipid metabolism disorder induced by high-fat diet. However, it is not clear whether the effect is closely related to the improvement of gut microbiota. Accordingly, our result would provide a theoretical basis for future research on the relationship between obesity, chenpi extract, and gut microbiota, and support additional understanding of its potential anti-obesity effects.
Topics: Animals; Diet, High-Fat; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity
PubMed: 33570789
DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13541 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2023The aggregation of the neuronal protein alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) is a key feature in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Alpha-syn aggregation has been...
INTRODUCTION
The aggregation of the neuronal protein alpha-synuclein (alpha-syn) is a key feature in the pathology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Alpha-syn aggregation has been suggested to be induced in the gut cells by pathogenic gut microbes such as bacteria, which has been shown to be associated with PD. This study aimed to investigate whether bacteria induce alpha-syn aggregation.
METHODS
Fecal samples of ten PD patients and their healthy spouses were collected for molecular detection of species, followed by bacterial isolation. Isolated strains were used as diets to feed nematodes which overexpress human alpha-syn fused with yellow fluorescence protein. Curli-producing MC4100, which has been shown to facilitate alpha-syn aggregation in animal models, was used as a control bacterial strain, and LSR11, incapable of producing curli, was used as another control strain. The head sections of the worms were imaged using confocal microscopy. We also performed survival assay to determine the effect of bacteria on the survival of the nematodes.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Statistical analysis revealed that worms fed bacteria from PD patients harbored significantly more (<0.001, Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test) and larger alpha-syn aggregates (<0.001) than worms fed bacteria from healthy individuals or worms fed strains. In addition, during similar follow-up time, worms fed strains from PD patients died in significantly higher quantities than worms fed LSR11 bacteria (<0.01). These results suggest that bacteria contribute to PD development by inducing alpha-syn aggregation.
Topics: Animals; Humans; Parkinson Disease; alpha-Synuclein; Caenorhabditis elegans; Escherichia coli; Desulfovibrio
PubMed: 37197200
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1181315 -
Frontiers in Microbiology 2023Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota is involved in the occurrence and progression of urinary system diseases such as clear cell renal cell carcinoma...
OBJECTIVE
Increasing evidence suggests that gut microbiota is involved in the occurrence and progression of urinary system diseases such as clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, the mechanism of how alteration of gut metagenome promotes ccRCC remains unclear. Here we aim to elucidate the association of specific gut bacteria and their metabolites with ccRCC.
METHODS
In a pilot case-control study among 30 ccRCC patients (RCC group) and 30 healthy controls (Control group), 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing were analyzed from fecal samples collected prior to surgery or hospitalization. Alpha diversity and beta diversity analysis of the gut microbiota were performed, and differential taxa were identified by multivariate statistics. Meanwhile, serum metabolism was measured by UHPLC-MS, and differential genes were identified based on the database.
RESULTS
Alpha diversity found there were no significant microbial diversity differences of gut microbiota between the RCC group and the Control group. However, beta diversity analysis showed that the overall structures of the two groups were significantly separated ( = 0.008). Random Forests revealed the relative abundances of 20 species differed significantly between the RCC group and the Control group, among which nine species were enriched in the RCC group such as , and 11 species were less abundant such as four kinds of . Concomitantly, serum level of taurine, which was considered to be consumed by and released by , has decreased in the RCC group. In addition, macrophage-related genes such as was upregulated in ccRCC patients.
CONCLUSION
Reduction of protective bacteria, proliferation of sulfide-degrading bacteria , reduction of taurine, and enrichment of macrophage related genes might be the risk predictors of ccRCC.
PubMed: 37089532
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1133782 -
Phytomedicine : International Journal... Jan 2022Smilax china L., a traditional Chinese herb, has been used to treat various inflammatory disorders, particularly pelvic inflammation. The anti-inflammatory activity of...
BACKGROUND
Smilax china L., a traditional Chinese herb, has been used to treat various inflammatory disorders, particularly pelvic inflammation. The anti-inflammatory activity of the plant extract has been reported in several in vivo experimental models. However, the underlying anti-inflammatory mechanisms and the role of gut microbiota in mice on Smilax china L. flavonoid (SCF) treatment are poorly understand.
PURPOSE
To investigate the role of SCF in providing the anti-inflammatory response and the role of gut microbiota in high-fat/high-sucrose (HFHS)-induced obese mice for 12 weeks.
STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS
C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into seven groups, normal chow (NC), HFHS, Orlistat, SCE, and low-, medium-, high- doses of SCF for 12 weeks. The body weight, liver weight, serum concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and inflammatory cytokines in mice were assessed. The gene and protein expression levels of inflammation-related markers were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Finally, the composition of gut microbiota was detected by analyzing 16S rDNA gene sequences.
RESULTS
SCF supplement reduced body weight gain, adipose tissue and liver indexes, attenuated serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, LPS, and increased IL-10, and adiponectin. SCF significantly reduced the mRNA expression levels of TNF-α, IL-6, and increased the expression of AMPK, PPAR-γ, and IL-10 in mice's liver and adipose tissues. In addition, the TLR4, p-IκBα, NF-κB, and p65 protein expression levels were reduced after the SCF supplement. Moreover, SCF treatment ameliorated HFHS-induced gut dysbiosis, as revealed by an increased intestinal barrier protective species (Akkermansia spp). The relative abundance of Streptococcaceae, Faecalibaculum, and endotoxin-producing Desulfovibrionaceae were significantly decreased on SCF supplements.
CONCLUSION
The results showed that SCF effectively inhibits HFHS-induced inflammation by suppressing the LPS-producing bacteria and pro-inflammatory bacteria group. Furthermore, the abundance of gut barrier protective species Akkermansia spp was increased to alleviate inflammatory response, inhibiting the LPS-TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Thus, SCF may be a promising prophylactic for diet-induced inflammatory diseases through the gut-liver axis in mice.
Topics: Animals; China; Flavonoids; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Liver; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; NF-kappa B; Smilax; Sucrose
PubMed: 34561124
DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2021.153728 -
Parasites, Hosts and Diseases Feb 2023The genus Babesia includes parasites that can induce human and animal babesiosis, which are common in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The gut microbiota...
The genus Babesia includes parasites that can induce human and animal babesiosis, which are common in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The gut microbiota has not been examined in hamsters infected by Babesia duncani. Red blood cells infected with B. duncani were injected into hamsters through intraperitoneal route. To evaluate the changes in gut microbiota, DNAs were extracted from small intestinal contents, acquired from hamsters during disease development. Then, the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene of bacteria was sequenced using the Illumina sequencing platform. Gut microbiota alternation and composition were assessed according to the sequencing data, which were clustered with >97.0% sequence similarity to create amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were made up of the major components of the gut microbiota in all samples. The abundance of Bacteroidetes elevated after B. duncani infection than the B. duncani-free group, while Firmicutes and Desulfobacterota declined. Alpha diversity analysis demonstrated that the shown ASVs were substantially decreased in the highest parasitemia group than B. duncani-free and lower parasitemia groups. Potential biomarkers were discovered by Linear discriminant analysis Effect Size (LEfSe) analysis, which demonstrated that several bacterial families (including Muribaculaceae, Desulfovibrionaceae, Oscillospiraceae, Helicobacteraceae, Clostridia UGG014, Desulfovibrionaceae, and Lachnospiraceae) were potential biomarkers in B. duncani-infected hamsters. This research demonstrated that B. duncani infectious can modify the gut microbiota of hamsters.
Topics: Animals; Cricetinae; Humans; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Parasitemia; Babesia; Bacteria; Firmicutes; Bacteroidetes; Biomarkers
PubMed: 37170463
DOI: 10.3347/PHD.22142 -
The American Journal of Chinese Medicine 2023Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a recurrent disease associated with a potential risk of colorectal cancer. (AM), a Chinese herbal medicine, is known to alleviate...
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a recurrent disease associated with a potential risk of colorectal cancer. (AM), a Chinese herbal medicine, is known to alleviate IBD. However, its mechanism of action requires further clarification. Here, we focused on the role of IL-10 and the gut microbiota in the mechanism of action of AM. The effects of AM on intestinal inflammation, mucus production, and gut microbes were evaluated in dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced acute and chronic IBD models and in IL-10-deficient mice (IL-10[Formula: see text]). AM exhibited protective effects on acute and chronic models of IBD in wild-type mice by restoring body weight and colon length, promoting IL-10 secretion, and decreasing TNF-[Formula: see text] levels. Moreover, AM alleviated inflammatory infiltration, increased mucin 2 transcription, and increased the number of goblet cells in the colon. On the contrary, these effects were diminished in IL-10[Formula: see text] mice, which implied that the effect of AM on intestinal inflammation is IL-10-dependent. A gut microbial sequencing analysis showed that gut microbial dysbiosis was modulated by AM intervention. The regulatory effects of AM on , , , , , and were dependent on IL-10. These results revealed that AM ameliorated IBD and modulated gut microbes by promoting IL-10 secretion, indicating that AM has the potential to improve IBD and that AM is IL-10-dependent.
Topics: Animals; Mice; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Colitis; Interleukin-10; Abelmoschus; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases; Colon; Inflammation; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Mice, Inbred C57BL
PubMed: 37518098
DOI: 10.1142/S0192415X23500696 -
Chemosphere Jul 2022Aquaculture wastewater contained a high remnant of oxytetracycline (OTC) and nitrate. In this study, OTC co-metabolized with denitrification/desulfurization was...
Aquaculture wastewater contained a high remnant of oxytetracycline (OTC) and nitrate. In this study, OTC co-metabolized with denitrification/desulfurization was investigated in terms of kinetic analysis, pathway, microbial communities and produces analysis in sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) mediated system. Long-term acclimatization with sulfate (300 mg-S/L) could markedly accelerate the removed rate of OTC from 0.9 to 1.4 mg/g-SS/d, with the kinetic constants increasing from 0.2760 to 0.5232 d, mainly via enzymes including adenosine-5'-phos-phosulfate reductase and cytochrome P450, and non-enzymatic process related to intermediates (adenosine-5'-phos-phosulfate and S). Furthermore, OTC was likely detoxified by SRB enriched sludge mainly via hydrolysis, dehydration, oxidation and reduction. The denitrification process would postpone the OTC degradation via outcompeting electron donors with the desulfurization process. Redundancy analysis suggested that sulfur-oxidizing bacteria (Acidithiobacillus, Ochrobactrum) were highly related to OTC degradation processes. This study provides deep insight and a new opportunity for the treatment of aquaculture wastewater containing OTC, sulfate and nitrate by SRB sludge.
Topics: Adenosine; Bioreactors; Denitrification; Desulfovibrio; Kinetics; Nitrates; Oxytetracycline; Sewage; Sulfates; Wastewater
PubMed: 35271902
DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134256 -
International Journal of Biological... 2020Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) leads to the development of cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases, but there are currently no potent drugs that inhibit the production...
Ranitidine and finasteride inhibit the synthesis and release of trimethylamine N-oxide and mitigates its cardiovascular and renal damage through modulating gut microbiota.
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) leads to the development of cardiovascular and chronic kidney diseases, but there are currently no potent drugs that inhibit the production or toxicity of TMAO. In this study, high-fat diet-fed ApoE-/- mice were treated with finasteride, ranitidine, and andrioe. Subsequently, the distribution and quantity of gut microbiota in the faeces of the mice in each group were analysed using 16S rRNA sequencing of the V3+V4 regions. Pathological examination confirmed that both ranitidine and finasteride reduced atherosclerosis and renal damage in mice. HPLC analysis also indicated that ranitidine and finasteride significantly reduced the synthesis of TMAO and the TMAO precursor delta-Valerobetaine in their livers. The 16S rRNA sequencing showed that all 3 drugs significantly increased the richness and diversity of gut microbiota in the model mice. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the faeces of mice treated with ranitidine and finasteride, had significant increases in the number of microbes in the families g_Helicobacter, f_Desulfovibrionaceae, ASF457, and g_Blautia, whereas the relative abundances of microbes in the families sp._IPC1-8 and g_Bacteroides were significantly reduced. The microbiota metabolic pathways, such as nucleotide and cofactor and vitamin metabolism were also significantly increased, whereas the activities of metabolic signalling pathways related to glycan biosynthesis and metabolism and cardiovascular diseases were significantly reduced. Therefore, our study indicates that in addition to their known pharmacological effects, ranitidine and finasteride also exhibit potential cardiovascular and renal protective effects. They inhibit the synthesis and metabolism of TMAO and delay the deposition of lipids and endotoxins through improving the composition of the gut microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Finasteride; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; Methylamines; Mice; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Ranitidine
PubMed: 32071549
DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.40934