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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2023The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of a solar photocatalytic process using g-CN as photocatalyst on the degradation of pharmaceutical compounds...
The objective of this work was to evaluate the efficiency of a solar photocatalytic process using g-CN as photocatalyst on the degradation of pharmaceutical compounds detected in hospital wastewater treatment plant secondary effluents. A compound parabolic collector pilot plant, established in the secondary effluent stream of the Ioannina city hospital wastewater treatment plant, was used for the photocatalytic experiments. The analysis of the samples before and after the photocatalytic treatment was accomplished using solid phase extraction (SPE), followed by UHPLC-LTQ/Orbitrap HRMS. Initial effluent characterization revealed the presence of ten pharmaceutical compounds. Among these, amisulpride, O-desmethyl venlafaxine, venlafaxine and carbamazepine were detected in all experiments. Initial concentrations ranged from 73 ng L for citalopram to 2924.53 ng L for O-desmethyl venlafaxine. The evolution of BOD and COD values were determined before and after the photocatalytic treatment. All detected pharmaceuticals were removed in percentages higher than 54% at an optimum catalyst loading ranging between 200 and 300 mg L. The potential of the catalyst to be reused without any treatment for two consecutive cycles was studied, showing a significant efficiency decrease.
Topics: Waste Disposal, Fluid; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Hospitals; Desvenlafaxine Succinate; Pharmaceutical Preparations
PubMed: 36770837
DOI: 10.3390/molecules28031170 -
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology
Topics: Humans; Desvenlafaxine Succinate; Antipsychotic Agents; Edema; Cyclohexanols
PubMed: 37039697
DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001680 -
Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacology 2020The antidepressant venlafaxine is largely O-desmethylated by CYP2D6, whereas CYP2C19 mediates an alternative metabolic route of venlafaxine through N-desmethylation. The...
PURPOSE
The antidepressant venlafaxine is largely O-desmethylated by CYP2D6, whereas CYP2C19 mediates an alternative metabolic route of venlafaxine through N-desmethylation. The aim of this study was to investigate the combined effect of genotype-predicted CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 phenotypes on serum concentrations of venlafaxine and metabolites in a large patient population.
METHODS
Patients were retrospectively included from a therapeutic drug monitoring service at Diakonhjemmet Hospital in Oslo (Norway) between January 01, 2007, and December 31, 2017. The study population was divided into different phenotype subgroups according to the combinations of CYP2D6/CYP2C19 phenotypes; intermediate metabolizers (IMs), poor metabolizers (PMs) and ultrarapid metabolizers, and compared using combined normal metabolizers (NMs) as reference.
FINDINGS
The dose-adjusted serum concentration of venlafaxine was 4- and 13-fold increased in combined CYP2D6 IM/CYP2C19 PMs and combined PMs, respectively, compared with combined NMs (P < 0.001). The sum concentration of venlafaxine + ODV (pharmacological active moiety) was increased 1.9 and 3.6-fold, respectively, in the same phenotype groups. Furthermore, the dose-adjusted active moiety exposure was similar in combined IMs as combined CYP2D6 PM/CYP2C19 NMs. CYP2D6 and CYP2C19 phenotypes explained 46% of the interindividual variability in dose-adjusted venlafaxine serum concentrations, whereas CYP2D6 alone explained 24%.
CONCLUSIONS
The combined CYP2D6/CYP2C19 phenotype has a significant impact on serum concentrations of venlafaxine and also on the active moiety of venlafaxine + ODV, than CYP2D6 alone. In clinical practice, it is therefore important to take into account phenotype variabilities of both enzymes when assessing the risk of dose-dependent adverse effects during venlafaxine treatment.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Antidepressive Agents; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; Desvenlafaxine Succinate; Female; Genotype; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; Young Adult
PubMed: 32134850
DOI: 10.1097/JCP.0000000000001174 -
The Science of the Total Environment Jul 2021Exposure of aquatic organisms to antidepressants is currently well documented, while little information is available on how wild organisms cope with exposure to these...
Exposure of aquatic organisms to antidepressants is currently well documented, while little information is available on how wild organisms cope with exposure to these pharmaceutical products. Studies on antidepressant metabolism in exposed organisms could generate information on their detoxification pathways and pharmacokinetics. The goal of this study was to enhance knowledge on the metabolism of venlafaxine (VEN)-an antidepressant frequently found in aquatic ecosystems-in Mytilus galloprovincialis, a bivalve that is present worldwide. An original tissue extraction technique based on the cationic properties of VEN was developed for further analysis of VEN and its metabolites using targeted and non-targeted approaches. This extraction method was assessed in terms of recovery and matrix effects for VEN metabolites. Commercial analytical standards were applied to characterize metabolites found in mussels exposed to 10 μg/L VEN for 3 and 7 days. Targeted and non-targeted approaches using liquid chromatography (LC) combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) were implemented to screen for expected metabolites based on the literature on aquatic species, and for metabolites not previously documented. Four venlafaxine metabolites were identified, namely N-desmethylvenlafaxine and O-desmethylvenlafaxine, which were clearly identified using analytical standards, and two other metabolites revealed by non-target analysis. According to the signal intensity, hydroxy-venlafaxine (OH-VEN) was the predominant metabolite detected in mussels exposed for 3 and 7 days.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Desvenlafaxine Succinate; Ecosystem; Mytilus; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; Water Pollutants, Chemical
PubMed: 34030260
DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146387 -
Environmental Science and Pollution... Feb 2024In this paper, we report a study concerning the quantification of new emerging pollutants in water as a request from the third European Watch List mechanism. The EU...
Determination of pollutants, antibiotics, and drugs in surface water in Italy as required by the third EU Water Framework Directive Watch List: method development, validation, and assessment.
In this paper, we report a study concerning the quantification of new emerging pollutants in water as a request from the third European Watch List mechanism. The EU Watch List compound was investigated by an internal method that was validated in terms of detection limits, linearities, accuracy, and precision in accordance with quality assurance criteria, and it was used to monitor several rivers from 11 Italian regions. The methodology developed was satisfactorily validated from 5 to 500 ng L for the emerging pollutants studied, and it was applied to different river waters sampled in Italy, revealing the presence of drugs and antibiotics. Rivers were monitored for 2 years by two different campaigns conducted in 2021 and 2022. A total of 19 emerging pollutants were investigated on 45 samples. The most detected analytes were O-desmethylvenlafaxine and venlafaxine. About azole compounds, sulfamethoxazole, fluconazole, and Miconazole were found. About antibiotics, ciprofloxacin and amoxicillin were found in three and one samples, respectively. Moreover, statistical analyses have found a significant correlation between O-desmethylvenlafaxine with venlafaxine, sulfamethoxazole with venlafaxine, and fluconazole with venlafaxine.
Topics: Water; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride; Desvenlafaxine Succinate; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Fluconazole; Rivers; Italy; Sulfamethoxazole
PubMed: 38280169
DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32025-6 -
Annals of Clinical Psychiatry :... May 2020
Topics: Adult; Adult Survivors of Child Abuse; Antidepressive Agents; Antipsychotic Agents; Depressive Disorder, Major; Desvenlafaxine Succinate; Eye Movement Desensitization Reprocessing; Female; Humans; Olanzapine; Paranoid Disorders; Psychotic Disorders; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
PubMed: 32343285
DOI: No ID Found -
Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics May 2024In this study, we aimed to improve upon a published population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for venlafaxine (VEN) in the treatment of depression in older adults, then...
In this study, we aimed to improve upon a published population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for venlafaxine (VEN) in the treatment of depression in older adults, then investigate whether CYP2D6 metabolizer status affected model-estimated PK parameters of VEN and its active metabolite O-desmethylvenlafaxine. The model included 325 participants from a clinical trial in which older adults with depression were treated with open-label VEN (maximum 300 mg/day) for 12 weeks and plasma levels of VEN and O-desmethylvenlafaxine were assessed at weeks 4 and 12. We fitted a nonlinear mixed-effect PK model using NONMEM to estimate PK parameters for VEN and O-desmethylvenlafaxine adjusted for CYP2D6 metabolizer status and age. At both lower doses (up to 150 mg/day) and higher doses (up to 300 mg/day), CYP2D6 metabolizers impacted PK model-estimated VEN clearance, VEN exposure, and active moiety (VEN + O-desmethylvenlafaxine) exposure. Specifically, compared with CYP2D6 normal metabolizers, (i) CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metabolizers had higher VEN clearance; (ii) CYP2D6 intermediate metabolizers had lower VEN clearance; (iii) CYP2D6 poor metabolizers had lower VEN clearance, higher VEN exposure, and higher active moiety exposure. Overall, our study showed that including a pharmacogenetic factor in a population PK model could increase model fit, and this improved model demonstrated how CYP2D6 metabolizer status affected VEN-related PK parameters, highlighting the importance of genetic factors in personalized medicine.
Topics: Aged; Humans; Cyclohexanols; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; Depression; Desvenlafaxine Succinate; Genotype; Phenotype; Venlafaxine Hydrochloride
PubMed: 38284409
DOI: 10.1002/cpt.3162 -
Nanomedicine (London, England) 2024Desvenlafaxine (DES) in conventional dosage forms shows initial burst release after oral administration, leading to exaggeration of its side effects. These side effects...
Desvenlafaxine (DES) in conventional dosage forms shows initial burst release after oral administration, leading to exaggeration of its side effects. These side effects can be overcome by a sustained-release dosage form using the chemically inert, low-melting-point lipid Compritol 888 ATO, as it reduces initial burst release. The potential of DES-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (DES-SLNs) synthesized by ultrasonication-assisted hot-melt encapsulation to modify the release of DES was investigated. The entrapment efficiency of DES-SLNs was 65.90% with the release profile showing a sustained-release behavior achieving 81% cumulative release within 16 h without initial burst release. DES-SLNs are a potential carrier for sustained release of water-soluble antidepressant drugs such as DES.
Topics: Desvenlafaxine Succinate; Nanoparticles; Drug Liberation; Delayed-Action Preparations; Fatty Acids; Drug Carriers; Antidepressive Agents; Particle Size; Lipids; Humans; Drug Compounding
PubMed: 38593058
DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2023-0229 -
Australasian Psychiatry : Bulletin of... Jun 2020Domestic family violence (FV) is a serious problem with serious impacts on mental health of victims. One such impact is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and it can...
OBJECTIVE
Domestic family violence (FV) is a serious problem with serious impacts on mental health of victims. One such impact is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and it can be resistant to treatment (treatment-resistant or TR). This article offers novel treatment.
METHODS
Two treatment resistant case studies are described where adjunctive treatment with brexpiprazole was commenced. Possible theoretical considerations are presented to explain improvement.
RESULTS
Adjunctive treatment with brexpiprazole was associated with significant improvement in FV subjective and objective measures, with enhanced response to trauma therapy.
CONCLUSION
Brexpiprazole improved complex post traumatic stress disorder in FV victims and needs further evaluation.
Topics: Adult; Citalopram; Combined Modality Therapy; Desvenlafaxine Succinate; Domestic Violence; Drug Resistance; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Psychotherapy; Quinolones; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic; Thiophenes
PubMed: 31896271
DOI: 10.1177/1039856219889303 -
Gastroenterologia Y Hepatologia Dec 2019
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Depressive Disorder; Desvenlafaxine Succinate; Drug Synergism; Duloxetine Hydrochloride; Duodenal Ulcer; Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage; Gastroscopy; Humans; Male; Melena; Methimazole; Naproxen; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Stomach Ulcer
PubMed: 31324464
DOI: 10.1016/j.gastrohep.2019.03.013