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Pediatrics May 2020The demand for transplantable solid organs far exceeds the supply of deceased donor organs. Patient selection criteria are determined by individual transplant programs;... (Review)
Review
The demand for transplantable solid organs far exceeds the supply of deceased donor organs. Patient selection criteria are determined by individual transplant programs; given the scarcity of solid organs for transplant, allocation to those most likely to benefit takes into consideration both medical and psychosocial factors. Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities have historically been excluded as potential recipients of organ transplants. When a transplant is likely to provide significant health benefits, denying a transplant to otherwise eligible children with disabilities may constitute illegal and unjustified discrimination. Children with intellectual and developmental disabilities should not be excluded from the potential pool of recipients and should be referred for evaluation as recipients of solid organ transplants.
Topics: Child; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Organ Transplantation; Transplant Recipients
PubMed: 32312907
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2020-0625 -
Psychiatric Services (Washington, D.C.) Sep 2021The authors examined the prevalence and correlates of psychotropic medication prescribing among outpatient youths with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
OBJECTIVE
The authors examined the prevalence and correlates of psychotropic medication prescribing among outpatient youths with intellectual and developmental disabilities.
METHODS
The authors reviewed cross-sectional data on medications for 1,333 youths (ages 5-21 years) with intellectual and developmental disabilities who were referred to a community-based mental health crisis service. Descriptive statistics and regression analysis were used to describe the study group and to identify correlates of psychotropic polypharmacy, antipsychotic use, and anticonvulsant use in the absence of a seizure disorder.
RESULTS
Most youths were taking psychotropic medications (N=1,139, 86%), often three or more medications (N=733, 55%) from two or more drug classes (N=919, 69%). Most youths received antipsychotics (N=863, 65%), and a third (N=432, 32%) were taking anticonvulsants in the absence of a seizure disorder. Greater severity (number of psychiatric diagnoses and recent psychiatric hospitalization), older age, and living in a group home were significantly correlated with these practices.
CONCLUSIONS
Polypharmacy, antipsychotic use, and anticonvulsant use in the absence of seizure disorders were common among youths with intellectual and developmental disabilities referred to the crisis service. Older age, number of psychiatric diagnoses, living in a group home, and psychiatric hospitalization correlate with these prescribing practices. These elevated prescribing rates in a very vulnerable population warrant further study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Cross-Sectional Studies; Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Polypharmacy; Psychotropic Drugs; Young Adult
PubMed: 33882691
DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201900465 -
European Journal of Paediatric... Jan 2020Traditionally treatment of epileptic seizures has been symptomatic, namely medication has been targeted at raising the threshold to the occurrence of epileptic seizures.... (Review)
Review
Traditionally treatment of epileptic seizures has been symptomatic, namely medication has been targeted at raising the threshold to the occurrence of epileptic seizures. This has had little impact on the rate of drug resistance over time, or impact on comorbidities such as learning and behaviour particularly in the early onset epilepsies. The advent of advanced neuroimaging and genomics has revealed the cause of the epilepsy in a much higher percentage, and advanced our knowledge as to the underlying pathophysiology. This has given us the opportunity to turn to the possibility of interventional treatment, targeting the underlying cause, and consequently the possibility of changing the natural history of disease. Here we review the options open to us, and the evidence to date.
Topics: Developmental Disabilities; Disease Management; Genetic Therapy; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Seizures
PubMed: 31879224
DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpn.2019.12.005 -
RoFo : Fortschritte Auf Dem Gebiete Der... Sep 2019
Topics: Child; Developmental Disabilities; Diagnosis, Differential; Epilepsy; Headache; Humans; Image Enhancement; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Neurology; Pediatrics; Sensitivity and Specificity; Utilization Review
PubMed: 31430771
DOI: 10.1055/a-0943-1043 -
Intellectual and Developmental... Aug 2022This article explores the role of formal and informal supports for women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) throughout their pregnancy, childbirth,...
This article explores the role of formal and informal supports for women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) throughout their pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum experiences. Data from qualitative interviews with women with IDD (n = 16) were analyzed. Results showed that formal supports aided in planning, transportation, advocacy, and providing emotional support throughout pregnancy. Informal supports helped with errands, comfort, and emotional encouragement. The community surrounding these women facilitated communication with providers, self-empowerment regarding health choices, and increased preparedness for parenthood. Findings indicate the importance of encouraging and sustaining both formal and informal supports during pregnancy, childbirth, and postpartum to improve pregnancy and parenting experiences for women with IDD.
Topics: Child; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Humans; Intellectual Disability; Parenting; Pregnancy
PubMed: 35868299
DOI: 10.1352/1934-9556-60.4.261 -
Pediatrics May 2020As the technical ability for genetic diagnosis continues to improve, an increasing number of diagnoses are made in infancy or as early as the neonatal period. Many of... (Review)
Review
As the technical ability for genetic diagnosis continues to improve, an increasing number of diagnoses are made in infancy or as early as the neonatal period. Many of these diagnoses are known to be associated with developmental delay and intellectual disability, features that would not be clinically detectable at the time of diagnosis. Others may be associated with cognitive impairment, but the incidence and severity are yet to be fully described. These neonates and infants with genetic diagnoses therefore represent an emerging group of patients who are at high risk for neurodevelopmental disabilities. Although there are well-established developmental supports for high-risk infants, particularly preterm infants, after discharge from the NICU, programs specifically for infants with genetic diagnoses are rare. And although previous research has demonstrated the positive effect of early developmental interventions on outcomes among preterm infants, the impact of such supports for infants with genetic disorders who may be born term, remains to be understood. We therefore review the literature regarding existing developmental assessment and intervention approaches for children with genetic disorders, evaluating these in the context of current developmental supports postdischarge for preterm infants. Further research into the role of developmental support programs for early assessment and intervention in high-risk neonates diagnosed with rare genetic disorders is needed.
Topics: Developmental Disabilities; Early Intervention, Educational; Genetic Diseases, Inborn; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases
PubMed: 32327449
DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-0629 -
American Journal of Medical Genetics.... Aug 2020
Topics: Developmental Disabilities; Humans; Medicine, Traditional; Saudi Arabia
PubMed: 32478449
DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61622 -
Journal of Mother and Child Apr 2021
Topics: Adult; Breast Feeding; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Male; Mother-Child Relations; Periodicals as Topic
PubMed: 33930263
DOI: 10.34763/jmotherandchild.20202403.edit.03_2020 -
Developmental Medicine and Child... Dec 2023Epidemiological approaches have played an important role in creating better understanding of developmental disabilities by delineating their frequency in populations and... (Review)
Review
Epidemiological approaches have played an important role in creating better understanding of developmental disabilities by delineating their frequency in populations and changes in their frequency over time, by identifying etiological factors, and by documenting pathways to prevention. Both cerebral palsy (CP) and mild intellectual disability are declining in frequency in high-income countries. The diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder has increased in recent decades, but much of this increase is a result of changing approaches to ascertainment and recording. Epidemiological studies have found that most CP is not of birth-asphyxial origin, that most febrile seizures do not pose a major risk for epilepsy, and that folic acid deficiency may contribute to developmental disabilities apart from its effect on neural tube defects. Epidemiological research has shown that an important fraction of neural tube defects and virtually all cases of Reye syndrome are preventable, and recent trials have shown ways to prevent CP. Early psychoeducational interventions in children at risk for mild intellectual disability are an effective and valuable societal investment. Very large population-based studies starting in pregnancy have been launched in Norway, Denmark, and Japan in recent years and these and other population studies promise to continue the epidemiological contribution to a better understanding of developmental disabilities.
Topics: Child; Pregnancy; Female; Humans; Developmental Disabilities; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Intellectual Disability; Neural Tube Defects; Cerebral Palsy
PubMed: 37149891
DOI: 10.1111/dmcn.15633 -
Research in Developmental Disabilities Feb 2023Developmental disabilities are disproportionately more investigated in higher-income countries. However, global prevalence of developmental disabilities indicate that a...
BACKGROUND
Developmental disabilities are disproportionately more investigated in higher-income countries. However, global prevalence of developmental disabilities indicate that a large proportion of individuals with disabilities reside in low- and middle-income nations.
AIMS
The present work therefore aims to conduct a scientometric review to survey available literature on developmental disabilities in low- and middle-income countries belonging to the continent of Africa.
METHODS AND PROCEDURES
A literature search was conducted on Scopus, where a total of 1720 relevant publications (and an accompanying 66 thousand references) were found, representing research conducted between 1950 to 2022. Then, document co-citation analysis was performed to chart significant co-citation relationships between relevant articles and their cited references.
OUTCOMES AND RESULTS
The generated network based on document co-citation analysis revealed a total of 14 distinct thematic research clusters and 12 significant documents that have been frequently cited in the literature on developmental disabilities in Africa.
CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS
The scientometric review revealed a trend of broadening research towards systems of care, away from a medical model of disease. It is projected that future research will continue to capitalise on inter-disciplinary strengths to arrive at a more nuanced understanding of developmental disability from all levels - individuals, families, to communities.
Topics: Child; Humans; Developmental Disabilities; Bibliometrics; Africa
PubMed: 36587527
DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2022.104395