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Pharmacological Research Oct 2020Diabetes-induced dementia is an emerging neurodisorder all over the world. The prevalence rates of dementia and diabetes have been gradually increasing worldwide.... (Review)
Review
Diabetes-induced dementia is an emerging neurodisorder all over the world. The prevalence rates of dementia and diabetes have been gradually increasing worldwide. Diabetes has been known to lead to oxidative stress, inflammation aggravation, and hyperglycemia conditions in the brain. Various diabetic implications cause the lower secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and the increase of receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE), ultimately leading to both cerebrovascular dysfunction and cognitive decline. Here, we summarized the significant evidences highlighting the specific mechanisms between BDNF and RAGE and cerebrovascular dysfunction and memory function and how these relate to diabetes-induced dementia. Especially, we review that the association between BDFN and RAGE in neuroinflammation, the reduction of long-term potentiation, and the vascular implications in brain.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Brain; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cerebral Arteries; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cognition; Dementia, Vascular; Diabetes Complications; Glycation End Products, Advanced; Humans; Long-Term Potentiation; Memory; Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products; Risk Factors; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 32679182
DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105083 -
Journal of the Formosan Medical... Nov 2019The 2019 Diabetes Atlas delineated both accomplishments and challenges in diabetes care in Taiwan between 2005 and 2014. The series reported that Taiwan had...
The 2019 Diabetes Atlas delineated both accomplishments and challenges in diabetes care in Taiwan between 2005 and 2014. The series reported that Taiwan had significantly improved aspects of care quality for patients with diabetes. For example, the mortality rate decreased, the difference between the life expectancies of patients with diabetes and those of the general population decreased, and the rates of hospitalization because of heart diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases, and unsatisfactory glycemic control decreased. However, despite these achievements, the 2019 Diabetes Atlas also reported some substantial challenges that have not been overcome. For example, the incidence of diabetes among women aged <19 years and 20-39 years increased by 27% and 33%, respectively. Furthermore, a high prevalence of macrovascular complications, a continuous increase in the dialysis prevalence rates among men with diabetes of all ages, and a low participation rate (<20%) of patients with diabetes in the pay-for-performance program were observed. The publication of the 2019 Diabetes Atlas is a milestone that demonstrates a strong will in medical societies to improve the quality of diabetes care. We expect this initiative can be reorganized every 5 years to report the results of continuous monitoring and surveillance and update the epidemiological features of diabetes in Taiwan.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Child, Preschool; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Humans; Incidence; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Middle Aged; Prevalence; Reimbursement, Incentive; Taiwan; Young Adult
PubMed: 31387840
DOI: 10.1016/j.jfma.2019.06.018 -
European Journal of Preventive... Dec 2019Heart failure (HF) is one of the major challenges in the management of diabetes patients. Among subjects with diabetes, up to 20% could have HF. Conversely, diabetes... (Review)
Review
Heart failure (HF) is one of the major challenges in the management of diabetes patients. Among subjects with diabetes, up to 20% could have HF. Conversely, diabetes prevalence in HF patients varies greatly from more than 10% up to 50%. When it is present, the risk of mortality and rehospitalization increases substantially. In addition, current evidence points to an increased risk of atrial fibrillation and sudden cardiac death in patients with diabetes. The inter-relation between diabetes cardiomyopathy, left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease and renal dysfunction indicates complex and intricate pathways. Despite the great value of clinical assessment and echocardiography, there is insufficient data to suggest systematic screening for HF in asymptomatic patients with diabetes. There is little evidence to indicate that improved glycaemic control improves HF outcome in this population. In the case of established HF, the general guidelines apply in diabetes patients. However, recent advances concerning glucose-lowering treatment in patients with cardiovascular disease suggest that the choice of glucose-lowering agent is of crucial interest and should be based on the patient's phenotype. New drug classes, such as SGLT2 inhibitors, seem to be of particular benefit in these patients. In the future, new personalized strategies should aim at not only good control of the glycaemic level but also the reduction and possibly the prevention of HF onset.
Topics: Atrial Fibrillation; Cardiovascular Agents; Death, Sudden, Cardiac; Diabetes Complications; Diabetic Cardiomyopathies; Heart Failure; Humans; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular; Hypoglycemic Agents; Prevalence; Risk; Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors
PubMed: 31766920
DOI: 10.1177/2047487319885461 -
Critical Reviews in Food Science and... 2023Various studies, especially in recent years, have shown that quercetin has beneficial therapeutic effects in various human diseases, including diabetes. Quercetin has...
Various studies, especially in recent years, have shown that quercetin has beneficial therapeutic effects in various human diseases, including diabetes. Quercetin has significant anti-diabetic effects and may be helpful in lowering blood sugar and increasing insulin sensitivity. Quercetin appears to affect many factors and signaling pathways involved in insulin resistance and the pathogenesis of type 2 of diabetes. TNFα, NFKB, AMPK, AKT, and NRF2 are among the factors that are affected by quercetin. In addition, quercetin can be effective in preventing and ameliorating the diabetic complications, including diabetic nephropathy, cardiovascular complications, neuropathy, delayed wound healing, and retinopathy, and affects the key mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of these complications. These positive effects of quercetin may be related to its anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties. In this article, after a brief review of the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes, we will review the latest findings on the anti-diabetic effects of quercetin with a molecular perspective. Then we will review the effects of quercetin on the key mechanisms of pathogenesis of diabetes complications including nephropathy, cardiovascular complications, neuropathy, delayed wound healing, and retinopathy. Finally, clinical trials investigating the effect of quercetin on diabetes and diabetes complications will be reviewed.
Topics: Humans; Quercetin; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Insulin Resistance; Polyphenols; Diabetes Complications; Retinal Diseases
PubMed: 35468007
DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2067825 -
Molecular Biology Reports May 2021Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, metabolic condition characterized by excessive blood glucose that causes perturbations in physiological functioning of almost all... (Review)
Review
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic, metabolic condition characterized by excessive blood glucose that causes perturbations in physiological functioning of almost all the organs of human body. This devastating metabolic disease has its implications in cognitive decline, heart damage, renal, retinal and neuronal complications that severely affects quality of life and associated with decreased life expectancy. Mitochondria possess adaptive mechanisms to meet the cellular energy demand and combat cellular stress. In recent years mitochondrial homeostasis has been point of focus where several mechanisms regulating mitochondrial health and function are evaluated. Mitochondrial dynamics plays crucial role in maintaining healthy mitochondria in cell under physiological as well as stress condition. Mitochondrial dynamics and corresponding regulating mechanisms have been implicated in progression of metabolic disorders including diabetes and its complications. In current review we have discussed about role of mitochondrial dynamics under physiological and pathological conditions. Also, modulation of mitochondrial fission and fusion in diabetic complications are described. The available literature supports mitochondrial remodelling as reliable target for diabetic complications.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Cognitive Dysfunction; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Dynamics; Myocardium; Neurons; Retina
PubMed: 34023988
DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06408-8 -
La Revue Du Praticien Dec 2021
Topics: Adult; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Humans
PubMed: 35147374
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Diabetes and Its... Apr 2022Diabetes mellitus is a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Scavenger receptor CD163, expressed on monocyte/macrophage cells with anti-inflammatory functions, has... (Review)
Review
AIMS
Diabetes mellitus is a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. Scavenger receptor CD163, expressed on monocyte/macrophage cells with anti-inflammatory functions, has been observed in diabetes complications. This review aimed to systematically survey human studies published until 31st January 2022 for CD163 expression, in particular diabetes complications and additionally to investigate whether CD163 may be implicated as a biomarker of, and mediator in, the progression of diabetes complications.
METHODS
A systematic literature search undertaken in Scopus, Embase and Medline established 79 papers of relevance. Data extraction and assessment followed the PRISMA workflow.
RESULTS
Based on specific criteria, 11 studies totalling 821 participants were included in this review. CD163 was quantified in various forms including soluble, cell surface, and mRNA measures. This review found that soluble CD163 was upregulated in diabetes complications in various local body fluids and systemically in plasma or serum and therefore implicated in the progression of those complications. CD163+ cells and mRNA were variably expressed across diabetes complications.
CONCLUSIONS
CD163 was altered in series of diabetes complications and the circulating sCD163 has potential utility as an inflammation biomarker. The variable expression of CD163 on cell surfaces and its mRNA across different diabetes complications warrants further systematic investigation.
Topics: Antigens, CD; Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic; Biomarkers; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Inflammation; Monocytes; RNA, Messenger; Receptors, Cell Surface
PubMed: 35190247
DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2022.108150 -
Life Sciences Aug 2021Diabetes epidemiological quantities are demonstrating one of the most important communities' health worries. The essential diabetic difficulties are including... (Review)
Review
Diabetes epidemiological quantities are demonstrating one of the most important communities' health worries. The essential diabetic difficulties are including cardiomyopathy, nephropathy, inflammation, and retinopathy. Despite developments in glucose decreasing treatments and drugs, these diabetic complications are still ineffectively reversed or prohibited. Several signaling and molecular pathways are vital targets in the new therapies of diabetes. This review assesses the newest researches about the key molecules and signaling pathways as targets of molecular pharmacology in diabetes and diseases related to it for better treatment based on molecular sciences. The disease is not cured by current pharmacological strategies for type 2 diabetes. While several drug combinations are accessible that can efficiently modulate glycemia and mitigate long-term complications, these agents do not reverse pathogenesis, and in practice, they are not established to modify the patient's specific molecular profiling. Therapeutic companies have benefited from human genetics. Genome exploration, which is agnostic to the information that exists, has revealed tens of loci that impact glycemic modulation. The physiological report has begun to examine subtypes of diseases, illustrate heterogeneity and propose biochemical therapeutic pathways.
Topics: Animals; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus; Drug Discovery; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Signal Transduction
PubMed: 34019900
DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2021.119632 -
Hip International : the Journal of... Nov 2022Diabetes mellitus (DM), poor glycaemic control and raised body mass index (BMI) have been associated with postoperative complications in arthroplasty, although the...
BACKGROUND AND AIMS
Diabetes mellitus (DM), poor glycaemic control and raised body mass index (BMI) have been associated with postoperative complications in arthroplasty, although the relative importance of these factors is unclear. We describe the prevalence of DM in elective hip arthroplasty in a UK centre, and evaluate the impact of these factors.
METHODS
We analysed retrospective data for DM patients undergoing arthroplasty over a 6-year period and compared with non-diabetic matched controls (1 DM patient: 5 controls). DM was present in 5.7% of hip arthroplasty patients (82/1443).
RESULTS
Postoperative complications occurred in 12.2% of DM patients versus 12.9% of controls ( = 1.000); surgical complications were present in 6.1% of those with DM and 2.4% of controls ( = 0.087), while medical complications occurred in 8.5% of DM patients versus 10.7% of controls ( = 0.692). Complications developed in 23.1% of DM patients with poor glycaemic control (HbA1c > 53 mmol/mol) versus 9.8% with good control ( = 0.169). In DM patients and controls combined, complications occurred in 16.3% of obese patients versus 10.0% of non-obese patients ( = 0.043). In the DM cohort, 13.7% of overweight patients had complications versus 0% with a normal or low BMI ( = 0.587).
CONCLUSIONS
DM rates were lower than expected, and glycaemic control was good. Overall complication rates were unrelated to the presence of DM or to glycaemic control, although surgical complications were observed more frequently in those with DM and poor glycaemic control was uncommon within our cohort. Complications were more frequent in those with a higher BMI. Whether some patients with DM but without an increased risk of complications are currently being excluded from surgery requires exploration.
Topics: Humans; Retrospective Studies; Blood Glucose; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Diabetes Mellitus; Postoperative Complications; Glycated Hemoglobin; Diabetes Complications
PubMed: 33334203
DOI: 10.1177/1120700020981573 -
Cells Aug 2021Dysregulation of autophagy is an important underlying cause in the onset and progression of many metabolic diseases, including diabetes. Studies in animal models and... (Review)
Review
Dysregulation of autophagy is an important underlying cause in the onset and progression of many metabolic diseases, including diabetes. Studies in animal models and humans show that impairment in the removal and the recycling of organelles, in particular, contributes to cellular damage, functional failure, and the onset of metabolic diseases. Interestingly, in certain contexts, inhibition of autophagy can be protective. While the inability to upregulate autophagy can play a critical role in the development of diseases, excessive autophagy can also be detrimental, making autophagy an intricately regulated process, the altering of which can adversely affect organismal health. Autophagy is indispensable for maintaining normal cardiac and vascular structure and function. Patients with diabetes are at a higher risk of developing and dying from vascular complications. Autophagy dysregulation is associated with the development of heart failure, many forms of cardiomyopathy, atherosclerosis, myocardial infarction, and microvascular complications in diabetic patients. Here, we review the recent findings on selective autophagy in hyperglycemia and diabetes-associated microvascular and macrovascular complications.
Topics: Animals; Autophagy; Diabetes Complications; Humans; Hyperglycemia; Organelles; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Vascular Diseases
PubMed: 34440882
DOI: 10.3390/cells10082114