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Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jan 2022Paper-based analytical devices (PADs), including lateral flow assays (LFAs), dipstick assays and microfluidic PADs (μPADs), have a great impact on the healthcare realm... (Review)
Review
Paper-based analytical devices (PADs), including lateral flow assays (LFAs), dipstick assays and microfluidic PADs (μPADs), have a great impact on the healthcare realm and environmental monitoring. This is especially evident in developing countries because PADs-based point-of-care testing (POCT) enables to rapidly determine various (bio)chemical analytes in a miniaturized, cost-effective and user-friendly manner. Low sensitivity and poor specificity are the main bottlenecks associated with PADs, which limit the entry of PADs into the real-life applications. The application of nanomaterials in PADs is showing great improvement in their detection performance in terms of sensitivity, selectivity and accuracy since the nanomaterials have unique physicochemical properties. In this review, the research progress on the nanomaterial-based PADs is summarized by highlighting representative recent publications. We mainly focus on the detection principles, the sensing mechanisms of how they work and applications in disease diagnosis, environmental monitoring and food safety management. In addition, the limitations and challenges associated with the development of nanomaterial-based PADs are discussed, and further directions in this research field are proposed.
Topics: Biological Assay; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Humans; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; Nanostructures; Paper; Point-of-Care Testing
PubMed: 35056823
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27020508 -
PloS One 2022Successful malaria treatment, control and elimination programs require accurate, affordable, and field-deployable diagnostic tests. A number of studies have directly... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Meta-Analysis
BACKGROUND
Successful malaria treatment, control and elimination programs require accurate, affordable, and field-deployable diagnostic tests. A number of studies have directly compared diagnostic performance between the new ultrasensitive rapid diagnostic test (us-RDT) and conventional rapid diagnostic test (co-RDT) for detecting malaria. Thus, we undertook this review to directly compare pooled diagnostic performance of us-RDT and co-RDT for detection of malaria.
METHODS
PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Embase, and ProQuest were searched from their inception until 31 January 2021 accompanied by forward and backward citations tracking. Two authors independently assessed the quality of included studies by RevMan5 software (using the QUADAS-2 checklist). Diagnostic accuracy estimates (sensitivity and specificity and others) were pooled using a random-effect model and 95% confidence interval (CI) in Stata 15 software.
RESULTS
Fifteen studies with a total of 20,236 paired co-RDT and us-RDT tests were included in the meta-analysis. Molecular methods (15 studies) and immunoassay test (one study) were used as standard methods for comparison with co-RDT and us-RDT tests. The pooled sensitivity for co-RDT and us-RDT were 42% (95%CI: 25-62%) and 61% (95%CI: 47-73%), respectively, with specificity of 99% (95%CI: 98-100%) for co-RDT, and 99% (95%CI: 96-99%) for us-RDT. In asymptomatic individuals, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of co-RDT were 27% (95%CI: 8-58%) and 100% (95%CI: 97-100%), respectively, while us-RDT had a sensitivity of 50% (95%CI: 33-68%) and specificity of 98% (95%CI: 94-100%). In low transmission settings, pooled sensitivity for co-RDT was 36% (95%CI: 9 76%) and 62% (95%CI: 44 77%) for us RDT, while in high transmission areas, pooled sensitivity for co RDT and us RDT were 62% (95%CI: 39 80%) and 75% (95%CI: 57-87%), respectively.
CONCLUSION
The us-RDT test showed better performance than co-RDT test, and this characteristic is more evident in asymptomatic individuals and low transmission areas; nonetheless, additional studies integrating a range of climate, geography, and demographics are needed to reliably understand the potential of the us-RDT.
Topics: Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Humans; Malaria; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 35143565
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263770 -
Intensive & Critical Care Nursing Jun 2021
Meta-Analysis
Topics: Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Humans; Sensitivity and Specificity
PubMed: 33715957
DOI: 10.1016/j.iccn.2021.103028 -
Systematic Reviews Jul 2019Reporting standards in biomedical research have been shown to be suboptimal. The publication of the PRISMA statement has improved the completeness of reporting of...
Steps toward more complete reporting of systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy: Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Diagnostic Test Accuracy (PRISMA-DTA).
Reporting standards in biomedical research have been shown to be suboptimal. The publication of the PRISMA statement has improved the completeness of reporting of systematic reviews, but several issues specific to diagnostic test accuracy are not included in the PRISMA statement. Therefore, a diagnostic test accuracy extension of the PRISMA statement, PRISMA-DTA, was created. This commentary addresses completeness of reporting in systematic reviews, the PRISMA-DTA statement, and strategies for optimal uptake of reporting guidelines.
Topics: Biomedical Research; Checklist; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Humans; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Reproducibility of Results; Systematic Reviews as Topic
PubMed: 31296260
DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1090-9 -
Journal of Biomedical Science Jan 2020Imaging live cells in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system yields more accurate information and spatial visualization of the interplay of cells and the surrounding... (Review)
Review
Imaging live cells in a three-dimensional (3D) culture system yields more accurate information and spatial visualization of the interplay of cells and the surrounding matrix components compared to using a two-dimensional (2D) cell culture system. However, the thickness of 3D cultures results in a high degree of scattering that makes it difficult for the light to penetrate deeply to allow clear optical imaging. Photoacoustic (PA) imaging is a powerful imaging modality that relies on a PA effect generated when light is absorbed by exogenous contrast agents or endogenous molecules in a medium. It combines a high optical contrast with a high acoustic spatiotemporal resolution, allowing the noninvasive visualization of 3D cellular scaffolds at considerable depths with a high resolution and no image distortion. Moreover, advances in targeted contrast agents have also made PA imaging capable of molecular and cellular characterization for use in preclinical personalized diagnostics or PA imaging-guided therapeutics. Here we review the applications and challenges of PA imaging in a 3D cellular microenvironment. Potential future developments of PA imaging in preclinical applications are also discussed.
Topics: Contrast Media; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Optical Imaging; Photoacoustic Techniques; Tumor Cells, Cultured
PubMed: 31948442
DOI: 10.1186/s12929-019-0594-x -
Respiratory Research Nov 2019Diagnostic delays are common in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). A substantial percentage of patients experience a diagnostic delay in the primary care...
BACKGROUND
Diagnostic delays are common in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD). A substantial percentage of patients experience a diagnostic delay in the primary care setting, but the factors underpinning this observation remain unclear. In this multi-center investigation, we assessed ILD reporting on diagnostic test interpretation and its association with subsequent pulmonology referral by a primary care physician (PCP).
METHODS
A retrospective cohort analysis of patients referred to the ILD programs at UC-Davis and University of Chicago by a PCP within each institution was performed. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest and abdomen and pulmonary function test (PFT) were reviewed to identify the date ILD features were first present and determine the time from diagnostic test to pulmonology referral. The association between ILD reporting on diagnostic test interpretation and pulmonology referral was assessed, as was the association between years of diagnostic delay and changes in fibrotic features on longitudinal chest CT.
RESULTS
One hundred and forty-six patients were included in the final analysis. Prior to pulmonology referral, 66% (n = 97) of patients underwent chest CT, 15% (n = 21) underwent PFT and 15% (n = 21) underwent abdominal CT. ILD features were reported on 84, 62 and 33% of chest CT, PFT and abdominal CT interpretations, respectively. ILD reporting was associated with shorter time to pulmonology referral when undergoing chest CT (1.3 vs 15.1 months, respectively; p = 0.02), but not PFT or abdominal CT. ILD reporting was associated with increased likelihood of pulmonology referral within 6 months of diagnostic test when undergoing chest CT (rate ratio 2.17, 95% CI 1.03-4.56; p = 0.04), but not PFT or abdominal CT. Each year of diagnostic delay was associated with a 1.8% increase in percent fibrosis on chest CT. Patients with documented dyspnea had shorter time to chest CT acquisition and pulmonology referral than patients with documented cough and lung crackles.
CONCLUSIONS
Determinants of ILD diagnostic delays in the primary care setting include underreporting of ILD features on diagnostic testing and prolonged time to pulmonology referral even when ILD is reported. Interventions to modulate these factors may reduce ILD diagnostic delays in the primary care setting.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cohort Studies; Delayed Diagnosis; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Female; Humans; Lung Diseases, Interstitial; Male; Middle Aged; Referral and Consultation; Respiratory Function Tests; Retrospective Studies; Time-to-Treatment
PubMed: 31718645
DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1228-2 -
The Veterinary Record Jul 2023
Topics: Female; Animals; Cattle; Farms; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Milk; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Mastitis, Bovine; Dairying; Cattle Diseases
PubMed: 37417521
DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3226 -
Chest Jul 2020Medical tests are procedures intended to detect, diagnose, characterize, or monitor a specific medical condition. Understanding the accuracy of a medical test is a... (Review)
Review
Medical tests are procedures intended to detect, diagnose, characterize, or monitor a specific medical condition. Understanding the accuracy of a medical test is a critical part of informed decision-making in patient management, as it allows clinicians to appreciate the types of errors a medical test might be prone to making and how often it makes them. Designing a study to assess the performance of a medical test, however, presents unique challenges, from acquiring a reference standard to dealing with the complexities that arise when the test involves an interpretation by a human reader. This article provides an overview of design considerations in this context, including common biases and how to avoid them, statistical considerations, and reporting guidelines. A short list of questions is also provided, which can serve as a quick reference for anyone designing, implementing, or reviewing a study that intends to assess the performance of a medical test.
Topics: Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Research Design
PubMed: 32658645
DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2020.03.006 -
Current Opinion in Virology Apr 2020Recently, a lateral flow rapid diagnostic test (RDT) with good accuracy has been described. This test enables measles specific IgM antibody detection in serum, capillary... (Review)
Review
Recently, a lateral flow rapid diagnostic test (RDT) with good accuracy has been described. This test enables measles specific IgM antibody detection in serum, capillary blood and oral fluid. RDTs have the potential to transform measles surveillance by allowing real-time case confirmation outside of central/regional laboratories and by facilitating a timely public health response. Measles virus genes can also be amplified and sequenced consistently from dried IgM-positive RDTs stored outside of cold chain, which will enable more complete virologic surveillance. Critical questions remain regarding operational use of RDTs as part of global measles surveillance. Projects to evaluate RDT use as part of national surveillance programs and to commercialize the RDT are underway.
Topics: Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Epidemiological Monitoring; Global Health; Humans; Measles; Measles virus
PubMed: 32615510
DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2020.05.007 -
The Veterinary Clinics of North... Aug 2019Despite there being only 2 common endocrine diseases in horses, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) and equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), diagnosis is still... (Review)
Review
Despite there being only 2 common endocrine diseases in horses, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) and equine metabolic syndrome (EMS), diagnosis is still confusing. Failing to consider horse factors and treating based on laboratory results only have caused many animals to receive lifelong drug treatment unnecessarily. Increased plasma ACTH, baseline or TRH stimulated, supports a diagnosis of PPID; however, breed, age, thriftiness, illness, coat color, geography, diet, and season also affect ACTH concentration. Insulin dysregulation, the hallmark of EMS, can result from insulin resistance or excessive postprandial insulin release. Each requires a different diagnostic test to reach a diagnosis.
Topics: Animals; Diagnostic Tests, Routine; Endocrine System Diseases; Horse Diseases; Horses
PubMed: 31076223
DOI: 10.1016/j.cveq.2019.03.005