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American Journal of Rhinology & Allergy Nov 2023COVID-19 has been associated with olfactory dysfunction in many infected patients. The rise of calcium levels in the nasal secretions plays an essential role in the... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
COVID-19 has been associated with olfactory dysfunction in many infected patients. The rise of calcium levels in the nasal secretions plays an essential role in the olfaction process with a desensitization effect on the olfactory receptor neurons and a negative impact on the olfaction transmission. Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) is a chelating agent that can bind free calcium in the nasal secretions, thereby reducing the adverse effects of calcium on olfactory function.
OBJECTIVES
The objective of this work is to demonstrate the effect of intranasal EDTA on improving olfactory dysfunction following COVID-19.
METHODS
Fifty patients with a history of COVID-19 and olfactory dysfunction that persisted for more than 6 months were enrolled in the current prospective randomized clinical trial. Participants were randomized into 2 equal groups. Twenty-five patients were treated with olfactory training only, while the remaining 25 patients received treatment with olfactory training and a topical nasal spray of ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid. The olfactory function was assessed before treatment and 3 months later using the Sniffin' Sticks test. Additionally, the determination of calcium level in the nasal secretions was performed using an ion-selective electrode before treatment and 3 months later.
RESULTS
Eighty-eight percent of the patients treated with olfactory training in addition to EDTA exhibited clinical improvement, while 60% showed improvement in patients treated with olfactory training only. Furthermore, a significant decrease in the measured calcium level in the nasal secretions was demonstrated after the use of ethylene diamine tetra compared to patients treated with olfactory training only.
CONCLUSION
Ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid may be associated with an improvement of the olfactory function post-COVID-19.
Topics: Humans; Smell; Olfaction Disorders; Acetic Acid; Calcium; Edetic Acid; COVID-19; Ethylenes
PubMed: 37786364
DOI: 10.1177/19458924231184055 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Jun 2022The condensation of aromatic dialdehydes with chiral diamines, such as 1,2--diaminocyclohexane, leads to various enantiopure or -type macrocyclic Schiff bases, including... (Review)
Review
The condensation of aromatic dialdehydes with chiral diamines, such as 1,2--diaminocyclohexane, leads to various enantiopure or -type macrocyclic Schiff bases, including [2 + 2], [3 + 3], [4 + 4], [6 + 6] and [8 + 8] condensation products. Unlike most cases of macrocycle synthesis, the [3 + 3] macrocycles of this type are sometimes obtained in high yields by direct condensation without a metal template. Macrocycles of other sizes from this family can often be selectively obtained in high yields by a suitable choice of metal template, solvent, or chirality of the building blocks. In particular, the application of a cadmium(II) template results in the expansion of the [2 + 2] macrocycles into giant [6 + 6] and [8 + 8] macrocycles. These imine macrocycles can be reduced to the corresponding macrocyclic amines which can act as hosts for the binding of multiple cations or multiple anions.
Topics: Amines; Diamines; Imines; Macrocyclic Compounds; Metals; Molecular Structure; Stereoisomerism
PubMed: 35807342
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27134097 -
Anti-cancer Agents in Medicinal... 2022Cancer is one of the most overwhelming diseases nowadays. It is considered the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Due to the diversity of its types,...
BACKGROUND
Cancer is one of the most overwhelming diseases nowadays. It is considered the second cause of death after cardiovascular diseases. Due to the diversity of its types, stages and genetic origin, there is no available drug to treat all cancers. Serious side effects and resistance of existing drugs are other problems in the struggle against cancer. In such quest, fluoroquinolones (FQs) promising as antiproliferative compounds due to safety, low cost and lack of resistance.
OBJECTIVES
Therefore, this work aims at developing lipophilic FQs and screening their antiproliferative activity against colorectal cancer.
METHODS
Nine prepared FQs were investigated for antiproliferative activity utilizing in vitro SRB method. In comparison to the antiproliferative agent cisplatin; the assessment of antiproliferative activities of these novel FQs in a panel of Colorectal Cancer Cell (CRC) lines (HT29, HCT116, SW620, CACO2, SW480) and normal periodontal ligament fibroblasts for safety examination was performed. Antibacterial activity (MIC) was conducted against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli standard strains using the broth double dilution method. Antioxidant properties were suspected as the mechanism of antiproliferative activity; thus, a DPPH test was performed to analyze radical scavenging potency of FQs compared to ascorbic acid as reference agent. FQs compounds 3-5(a-c) were prepared, characterized and their structure was confirmed using spectroscopy techniques.
RESULTS
All compounds manifested good to excellent antiproliferative activity on HT29, HCT116, and SW620 with high safety index. The reduced series 4a, 4b and 4c exerted excellent micro to nano -molar antiproliferative activities on HT29, HCT116, and SW620 which were stronger than the reference cisplatin against all cells. The reduced group of compounds 4(a-c) revealed higher potency vs. both nitro and triazolo groups. On cell lines HT29, HCT116, and SW620, reduced 4a with 7,8-ethylene diamine,the substitution revealed the highest antiproliferative efficacy (IC value) approaching nano molar affinity with higher safety vs. cisplatin. The most active compound, 4a, exhibited significant potency against HCT116, and SW620 with IC 0.6 and 0.16 μM respectively. Novel FQs (4a, 4b and 4c) also showed strong radical scavenging activity with IC values (μM) 0.06, 23, and 7.99, respectively. Exquisitely 4a revealed a similar pattern of activity to doxorubicin, indicating a similar mechanism of action. Strong antiproliferative and weak antibacterial activities of series 4 endorse that their mechanism involves eukaryotic topoisomerase II inhibition. This work has revealed novel FQs with excellent anticancer activity against 5 colorectal cancer (HT29, HCT116, SW620, CACO2, SW480) cell lines with a potential chelation mechanism due to 7,8-ethylene diamine chelator bridge.
CONCLUSION
The new FQs have confirmed that more lipophilic compounds could be more active as hypothesized. The p-halogenated aniline, N1-Butyl group in addition to 3-COOH, 8-NH2 are all essential requirements for strong antiproliferative FQ of our FQ scaffold. This work emphasizes the role of C-8 amino as part of ethylene diamine group as an essential requirement for antiproliferative FQs for the first time in the literature, entailing its role toward potential antineoplastic FQs.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antineoplastic Agents; Caco-2 Cells; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Chelating Agents; Cisplatin; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diamines; Escherichia coli; Ethylenes; Fluoroquinolones; Humans
PubMed: 34165411
DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210623111744 -
Biomacromolecules Aug 2020A series of cationic polypeptide imidazolium conjugates were prepared by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of γ-4-(3-chloropropoxycarbonyl)benzyl-- glutamic acid-based...
A series of cationic polypeptide imidazolium conjugates were prepared by ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of γ-4-(3-chloropropoxycarbonyl)benzyl-- glutamic acid-based -carboxyanhydride (CPBLG-NCA) initiated by various mono- or diamine initiators and subsequent side-chain modification with high grafting efficiency. Rapid and controlled ROP was achieved by polymerizing CPBLG-NCA in a dichloromethane/NaHCO/HO solvent mixture with the amine initiators. The resulting polypeptides bearing imidazolium iodide pendants showed reversible upper critical solution temperature (UCST)-type thermoresponsive properties in both ethanol and DI water while the polypeptides with tetrafluoroborate counter-anions showed a UCST in phosphate buffer saline (PBS). The cloud point temperature () in ethanol and aqueous solutions can be tuned by both molecular weight and the end- or linkage-groups in the main chain. The cationic polypeptides showed good antibacterial activity against and low hemolysis. Our results provide a facile and rapid ROP strategy to develop new families of stimuli-responsive polypeptides with tunable properties as well as antibacterial polypeptides with optimized selectivity.
Topics: Diamines; Molecular Weight; Peptides; Polymerization; Temperature
PubMed: 32597642
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c00953 -
Journal of Environmental Management Jan 2023With the exacerbating water eutrophication globally, it is important to recover nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from sewage for recycle. In this study, coconut shell...
With the exacerbating water eutrophication globally, it is important to recover nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) from sewage for recycle. In this study, coconut shell biochar and ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) were added into the designed fluidized bed reactor (FBR) to create struvite-biochar. N and P released from struvite-biochar and the recovery efficiency of N and P from concentrated sludge supernatant were analyzed. Results showed that the optimal operation condition for hydraulic retention time (HRT), pH, Mg/P molar ration, and addition amount EDTA were 90 min, 9.5, 1.2, and 0.2 g/L, respectively. The recovery efficiency of NH-N and PO-P, and purity struvite for FBR were 34.41%-38.05%, 64.95-68.40%, and 84.15%, respectively. The recovery efficiency of NH-N and PO-P were respectively increased by 7.23% and 5.36% when FBR with addition of 0.33 g/L coconut shell biochar, but purity struvite from struvite-biochar decreased by 45.70%. Contents of As, Cd, Pb, and Cr in struvite and struvite-biochar were all lower than Chinese Standard Limits of Fertilizer. Compared to commercial chemical fertilizer, such as superphosphate and urea, struvite-biochar and struvite have slowly released N and P. The amounts of released P, NO-N and NH-N from struvite-biochar were higher than struvite during the five leaching times. Compared with struvite, the total amounts of released P, NO-N and NH-N from struvite-biochar increased by 4.9%, 3.5% and 8.3%, respectively. Therefore, it is valuable to add biochar into FBR to recovery N and P from concentrated sludge supernatant and make struvite-biochar as a slow-release fertilizer.
Topics: Struvite; Sewage; Fertilizers; Edetic Acid; Phosphorus; Nutrients; Phosphates
PubMed: 36308786
DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116548 -
Journal of Hazardous Materials Sep 2023Salt stress is becoming a serious problem for the global environment and agricultural sector. Different sources of iron (Fe) can provide an eco-friendly solution to...
Salt stress is becoming a serious problem for the global environment and agricultural sector. Different sources of iron (Fe) can provide an eco-friendly solution to remediate salt-affected soils. The Fe nanoparticles (FeNPs) and conventional sources of Fe (iron-ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid; Fe-EDTA; and iron sulfate; FeSO) were used to evaluate their effects on wheat crop grown in normal and salt-affected soils. Application of FeNPs (25 mg/kg) on normal soil increased the dry weights of wheat roots, shoots, and grains by 46%, 59%, and 77%, respectively. In salt-affected soil, FeNPs increased the dry weights of wheat roots, shoots, and grains by 65%, 78%, and 61%, respectively. The application of FeSO and Fe-EDTA increased the growth parameters of wheat in both normal and salt-affected soils compared to the respective controls. The photosynthetic parameters, including chlorophyll a (50%), chlorophyll b (67%), carotenoids (62%), and total chlorophyll contents (50%), were increased with the application of FeNPs under salt stress. The FeNPs increased plant-essential nutrients like iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium, and potassium in both normal and salt-affected soils. The experiment revealed that the application of Fe plays a significant role in enhancing the growth of wheat on alkaline normal and salt-affected soils. Maximum growth response was recorded with FeNPs than other Fe sources. The future must be focused on long term field experiments to economize the application of FeNPs on a large scale for commercialization.
Topics: Iron; Triticum; Edetic Acid; Soil; Chlorophyll A; Nanoparticles
PubMed: 37336110
DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131861 -
Macromolecular Rapid Communications Jan 2023Innovative dielectric materials with high-temperature resistance and outstanding dielectric properties have attracted tremendous attention in advanced electronical...
Innovative dielectric materials with high-temperature resistance and outstanding dielectric properties have attracted tremendous attention in advanced electronical fields. Polyimide(PI) is considered a promising candidate for the modern electronic industry due to its excellent dielectric properties and comprehensive properties. However, the limited-adjustable range of dielectric constant and the difficulty to obtain a high dielectric constant restrict the application of PI as high dielectric materials. Herein, a novel diamine monomer (2,2'-bis((methylsulfonyl)methyl)-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diamine (BSBPA)) containing a rigid biphenyl structure and high dipolar sulfonyl pendant groups is designed for high dielectric polyimides. The rigid biphenyl and polar sulfonyl pendant groups can reasonably optimize the molecular structure and orientational polarization of polyimides to improve their dielectric properties and thermal properties. Moreover, the effect of different bridge linkages on the dielectric properties is studied by using the different dianhydrides. Thus, the PI-BSBPA films especially the DSDA-BSBPA film (DSDA: 3,3',4,4'-diphenylsulfonetetracarboxylic dianhydride) achieve great thermal properties (T of 377 °C and T of 358 °C) and excellent dielectric properties (6.95 at 1 kHz) along with high discharged energy density of 5.25 J cm and charge-discharge efficiency of 90%. The collaborative control of main-chain and side-chain engineering is effective to endow the polyimides with high-temperature tolerance and high dielectric performance.
Topics: Temperature; Biphenyl Compounds; Diamines; Electronics
PubMed: 36125201
DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200639 -
Biotechnology Advances 2023Recently, bio-based manufacturing processes of value-added platform chemicals and polymers in biorefineries using renewable resources have extensively been developed for... (Review)
Review
Recently, bio-based manufacturing processes of value-added platform chemicals and polymers in biorefineries using renewable resources have extensively been developed for sustainable and carbon dioxide (CO) neutral-based industry. Among them, bio-based diamines, aminocarboxylic acids, and diacids have been used as monomers for the synthesis of polyamides having different carbon numbers and ubiquitous and versatile industrial polymers and also as precursors for further chemical and biological processes to afford valuable chemicals. Until now, these platform bio-chemicals have successfully been produced by biorefinery processes employing enzymes and/or microbial host strains as main catalysts. In this review, we discuss recent advances in bio-based production of diamines, aminocarboxylic acids, and diacids, which has been developed and improved by systems metabolic engineering strategies of microbial consortia and optimization of microbial conversion processes including whole cell bioconversion and direct fermentative production.
Topics: Nylons; Diamines; Polymers; Metabolic Engineering; Fermentation
PubMed: 36462631
DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.108070 -
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Mar 2024Polyamines, such as putrescine and spermidine, are pivotal in various biological processes across living organisms. Despite their significance, structurally modified...
Polyamines, such as putrescine and spermidine, are pivotal in various biological processes across living organisms. Despite their significance, structurally modified polyamines offer a less-explored avenue for discovering bioactive compounds. The limitation is attributed to the synthetic difficulty of accessing functionalized polyamines. In this study, we accomplished photoredox-catalyzed functionalization of polyamines to diversify their structure. The rapid functionalization allows attaching fluorophores to the target polyamine, facilitating the development of molecular probes for advancing chemical biology studies.
Topics: Polyamines; Spermidine; Putrescine; Biological Transport; Spermine
PubMed: 38267374
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202304374 -
International Journal of... 2022Exogenous application of chelants is a common way to enhance the phytoextraction of heavy metals. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influences of cadmium...
Exogenous application of chelants is a common way to enhance the phytoextraction of heavy metals. A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influences of cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), Cd and Pb, L-glutamic acid N, N-diacetic acid (GLDA) and ethylene diamine tetraacetate (EDTA) on the growth, Cd and Pb accumulation of 'Immergrunchen'. The results showed that 'Immergrunchen' had a high tolerance to Pb treatment, followed by Cd-Pb treatment. The plant was sensitive to Cd stress. EDTA treatment was more harmful to plant growth than that of GLDA treatment. The optimal Cd concentration of shoot and root reached 27.6 mg·kg and 32.6 mg·kg, 757 mg·kg and 1,025 mg·kgfor Pb accumulation at 100-1,500 mg·kg. The maximum Cd and Pb phytoextraction from 3 mmol·kg GLDA treatment were 1.40 and 1.73 times as much as that of the control, 1.21 and 1.02 times under 6 mmol·kg EDTA treatment. Therefore, the enhanced phytoremediation of GLDA to Cd and Pb co-contaminated soil was better than that of EDTA. GLDA-assisted phytoextraction of Cd and Pb by 'Immergrunchen' can be considered as a promising way to phytoremediate Cd and Pb co-contaminated soil.
Topics: Cadmium; Biodegradation, Environmental; Soil; Sedum; Edetic Acid; Glutamic Acid; Lead; Soil Pollutants; Metals, Heavy; Ethylenes
PubMed: 35166632
DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2031865