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Biomacromolecules Jan 2023The reductive amination of dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) with 2-picoline borane was investigated for its applicability in the generation of bioderived thermoplastics. Five...
The reductive amination of dialdehyde cellulose (DAC) with 2-picoline borane was investigated for its applicability in the generation of bioderived thermoplastics. Five primary amines, both aliphatic and aromatic, were introduced to the cellulose backbone. The influences of the side chains on the course of the reaction were examined by various analytical techniques with microcrystalline cellulose as a model compound. The obtained insights were transferred to a 39%-oxidized softwood kraft pulp to study the thermal properties of thereby generated high-molecular-weight thermoplastics. The number-average molecular weights () of the diamine celluloses, ranging from 60 to 82 kD, were investigated by gel permeation chromatography. The diamine celluloses exhibited glass transition temperatures () from 71 to 112 °C and were stable at high temperatures. Diamine cellulose generated from aniline and DAC showed the highest conversion, the highest (112 °C), and a narrow molecular weight distribution ( of 1.30).
Topics: Amination; Amines; Cellulose; Diamines
PubMed: 36542819
DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.2c01022 -
Chemical Communications (Cambridge,... Jan 2023Vicinal diamines are an important structural motif in bioactive natural products and pharmaceutical intermediates. Herein, an environmentally friendly and efficient...
Vicinal diamines are an important structural motif in bioactive natural products and pharmaceutical intermediates. Herein, an environmentally friendly and efficient electrochemical approach to azidoacetamides, as one variant of vicinal diamines, has been developed. This reaction features mild conditions and broad substrate scope, without the use of any chemical oxidant or transition-metal catalysts. The obtained vicinal azidoacetamides could be conveniently converted into various other vicinal diamine derivatives.
Topics: Molecular Structure; Diamines; Catalysis
PubMed: 36514900
DOI: 10.1039/d2cc06246a -
American Journal of Hematology Sep 2023
Topics: Humans; Hematologic Neoplasms; Pyridines; Diamines
PubMed: 37354069
DOI: 10.1002/ajh.27005 -
Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) Sep 2022Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, often known as gliptins, have been used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). They may be combined with other... (Review)
Review
Dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors, often known as gliptins, have been used to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). They may be combined with other medications as an additional treatment or used alone as a monotherapy. In addition to insulin, sulfonylureas, thiazolidinediones, and metformin, these molecules appear as possible therapeutic options. Oxadiazole rings have been employed in numerous different ways during drug development efforts. It has been shown that including them in the pharmacophore increases the amount of ligand that may be bound. The exceptional hydrogen bond acceptor properties of oxadiazoles and the distinct hydrocarbon bonding potential of their regioisomers have been established. Beside their anti-diabetic effects, oxadiazoles display a wide range of pharmacological properties. In this study, we made the assumption that molecules containing oxadiazole rings may afford a different approach to the treatment of diabetes, not only for controlling glycemic levels but also for preventing atherosclerosis progression and other complications associated with diabetes. It was observed that oxadiazole fusion with benzothiazole, 5-(2,5,2-trifluoroethoxy) phenyl, β-homophenylalanine, 2-methyl-2-{5-(4-chlorophenyl), diamine-bridged -coumarinyl, 5-aryl-2-(6'-nitrobenzofuran-2'-yl), nitrobenzofuran, and/or oxindole leads to potential anti-diabetic activity.
Topics: Benzothiazoles; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diamines; Dipeptidyl-Peptidase IV Inhibitors; Dipeptidyl-Peptidases and Tripeptidyl-Peptidases; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Ligands; Metformin; Oxadiazoles; Oxindoles; Thiazolidinediones
PubMed: 36144735
DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186001 -
Chemistry (Weinheim An Der Bergstrasse,... Apr 2024The detection of analytes with small molecular probes is crucial for the analysis and understanding of chemical, medicinal, environmental and biological situations as...
The detection of analytes with small molecular probes is crucial for the analysis and understanding of chemical, medicinal, environmental and biological situations as well as processes. Classic detection approaches rely on the concept of molecular recognition and bond formation reactions. Bond breakage reactions have been less explored in similar contexts. This concept article introduces metal-salen and metal-imine complexes as "covalent-disassembly"-based (DB)-probes for detecting polyoxophosphates, thiols, amino acids, HCN and changes in pH. It discusses the roles, importance and combinations of structurally functionalized molecular building blocks in the construction of DB-probes. Applications of optimized DB-probes for analyte detection in live cells and foodstuff are also discussed. Furthermore, the mechanism of the disassembly of a Fe(III)-salen probe upon pyrophosphate binding is presented. Extraordinary selectivity for this analyte was achieved by a multistep disassembly sequence including an unprecedented structural change of the metal complex (i. e. "induced-fit" principle). Design principles of probes for sensing applications following the "covalent-disassembly" approach are summarized, which will help improving current systems, but will also facilitate the development of new DB-probes for challenging analytic targets.
Topics: Ferric Compounds; Metals; Ethylenediamines; Coordination Complexes
PubMed: 38179824
DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302705 -
Spectrochimica Acta. Part A, Molecular... Nov 2023The present study focuses on structural and chemical analyses of N-phenylmorpholine-4-carboxamide benzene-1,2-diamine (PMCBD) using quantum computational methods. The...
The present study focuses on structural and chemical analyses of N-phenylmorpholine-4-carboxamide benzene-1,2-diamine (PMCBD) using quantum computational methods. The calculated bond angle, length, and dihedral angle between atoms were compared with measured values. The observed and stimulated FT-IR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy) spectra parameters for vibrational wavenumbers and their associated PED (Potential Energy Distribution) values in percentage have been obtained from VEDA4 software. The electronic transitions of PMCBD were discussed by TD-SCF/DFT/B3LYP based on the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set with solvents such as chloroform, ethanol, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and gas. Density functional computations were used to study the band energy between HOMO and LUMO using the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. Mulliken analysis and natural population analysis were used for a better understanding of charge levels on different atoms such as N, H and O. The natural bonding orbital (NBO) analysis proved helpful in studying molecular and bond strengths. (NBO). The ESP acquired data on the molecule's size, shape, charge density distribution, and chemical reactivity site. This was done by mapping electron density on the surface with electrostatic potential. Non-linear optical detection of PMCBD was also discussed. Aside from the electron localization function map, state densities are also mapped using Multiwfn software, a wave function analyzer.
Topics: Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Benzene; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Diamines; Static Electricity; Quantum Theory; Thermodynamics; Vibration; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
PubMed: 37321138
DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.122988 -
Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry Mar 2021The insulin enhancing activity, histological analysis and, testicular degeneration by a VO-complex containing the 2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl))diethanolate...
The insulin enhancing activity, histological analysis and, testicular degeneration by a VO-complex containing the 2,2'-(ethane-1,2-diylbis(azanediyl))diethanolate ligand, VO(CHNO-κN,κO), abbreviated VO(BHED), were investigated in diabetic male Wistar rats. The complex was administered by oral gavage of freshly prepared solutions of vanadium complex. Biological studies demonstrated that the vanadium complex normalized the elevated glucose levels in male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes and these compounds also avoided common responses in diabetic animals such as weight loss and reduction in the size of the epididymis, prostate, testis and seminal gland. The V NMR and EPR studies showed the formation of VO(BHED) and the oxidation product [VOBHED] with two possible decomposition pathways. In summary, these studies demonstrate that the VO(BHED) complex or its decomposition products show similar effects as insulin in decreasing elevated blood glucose levels.
Topics: Animals; Atrophy; Coordination Complexes; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diamines; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Testicular Diseases; Testis; Vanadium
PubMed: 33388704
DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2020.111312 -
Current Pharmaceutical Design 2024Digital PCR (dPCR) is the latest technique that has become commercially accessible for various types of research. This method uses Taq polymerase in a standard... (Review)
Review
Digital PCR (dPCR) is the latest technique that has become commercially accessible for various types of research. This method uses Taq polymerase in a standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to amplify a target DNA fragment from a complex sample, like quantitative PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (dd- PCR). ddPCR may facilitate microRNA (miRNA) measurement, particularly in liquid biopsy, because it has been proven to be more effective and sensitive, and in this method, ddPCR can provide an unprecedented chance for deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation research because of its capability to increase sensitivity and precision over conventional PCR-based methods. qPCR has also been found to be a valuable standard technique to measure both copy DNA (cDNA) and genomic DNA (gDNA) levels, although the finding data can be significantly variable and non-reproducible without relevant validation and verification of both primers and samples. The SYBR green quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) method has been reported as an appropriate technique for quantitative detection and species discrimination, and has been applied profitably in different experiments to determine, quantify, and discriminate species. Although both TaqMan qRT-PCR and SYBR green qRT-PCR are sensitive and rapid, the SYBR green qRT-PCR assay is easy and the TaqMan qRT-PCR assay is specific but expensive due to the probe required. This review aimed to introduce dPCR, qPCR, SYBR green PCR kit, and digital PCR, compare them, and also introduce their advantages in the detection of different diseases.
Topics: Humans; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Benzothiazoles; Diamines; DNA; Quinolines
PubMed: 38243947
DOI: 10.2174/0113816128276560231218090436 -
Toxicology and Industrial Health Jun 2023Performing risk assessments (RA) on household use of flexible polyurethane (PU) foams requires access to reliable data about emission and migration of potential diamine...
Performing risk assessments (RA) on household use of flexible polyurethane (PU) foams requires access to reliable data about emission and migration of potential diamine impurities. A toluene diisocyanate (TDI) and a methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (MDI) based foam were thermally treated to enable measurements on samples with defined concentrations of the corresponding diamines, toluene diamine (TDA), and methylene dianiline (MDA). The thermally treated foams used for emission testing contained up to 15 mg.kg of TDA and 27 mg.kg of MDA. Those used for migration testing contained 5.1 mg.kg of TDA and 14.1 mg.kg of MDA. Stability of the thermally generated diamines was sufficient for testing over a 37-day period. Analytical techniques that did not decompose the polymer matrix were applied. Emission rates for TDA and MDA isomers were less than the limit of quantitation (LOQ) of 0.008-0.07 μg.m.h. Migration was studied using samples of the same thermally treated foams over a 35-day period. Quantifiable migration of MDA from the MDI-based foam was only observed on Days 1 and 2. From Day 3 onward, migration rates were less than the LOQ. Quantifiable migration of TDA from the TDI-based foam rapidly decreased with time and was only observed on Days 1 thru 3. From Day 4 onward, migration rates were less than the LOQ. Theoretically, the migration rate should be inversely proportional to the square root of time (t) as t. This relationship was confirmed by the experimental data and enables extrapolating migration values to more extended time periods to conduct RAs.
Topics: Polyurethanes; Diamines; Toluene 2,4-Diisocyanate; Amines; Occupational Exposure
PubMed: 37145999
DOI: 10.1177/07482337231172816 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jun 2022This systematic review aimed to compare the efficacy of herbal agents with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) in removing the smear layer during root canal... (Review)
Review
This systematic review aimed to compare the efficacy of herbal agents with ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) in removing the smear layer during root canal instrumentation. The research question in the present study was to assess: "Is there a significant difference in reducing smear layer comparing EDTA and herbal agents?" Electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) were searched from their start dates to April 2022 using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria, and reviewed following PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) 2020 guidelines. Only in vitro studies comparing herbal agents with EDTA were included in the current systematic review. Two reviewers independently assessed the included articles. A total of 625 articles were obtained from an electronic database. Eighteen papers were included for review of the full text, out of which, ten papers were excluded because they did not meet the inclusion criteria. Finally, eight articles were included in the systematic review. The present systematic review considered only in vitro studies; hence, the result cannot be completely translated to strict clinical conditions. The results of the present systematic review have shown that extract, and neem show better smear layer removal compared to other herbal agents, whereas they showed reduced smear layer removal when compared with EDTA. Although, it was seen that most of the included studies did not report a high quality of evidence. Hence, the present systematic review concludes that herbal agents have reported to show inferior smear layer removal when compared to EDTA. Thus, as far as herbal based alternatives are concerned, there is no highest level of evidence to state its real benefit when used as a chelating root canal irrigant.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Chelating Agents; Edetic Acid; Ethylenes; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Root Canal Preparation; Smear Layer; Sodium Hypochlorite
PubMed: 35682452
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116870