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Japan Journal of Nursing Science : JJNS Oct 2022Prolonged diaper dermatitis may increase the risk of atopic dermatitis or infections. This prospective observational study aimed to investigate the prevalence, symptoms,... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
AIM
Prolonged diaper dermatitis may increase the risk of atopic dermatitis or infections. This prospective observational study aimed to investigate the prevalence, symptoms, areas, and recovery time of diaper dermatitis in infants aged 1 month and identify the factors related to recovery time.
METHODS
Diaper dermatitis was defined as the presence of erythema, papules, dryness, erosion, or ulceration in the diapered area. Recovery time was days between infant's 1-month medical check-up and disappearance of symptoms. Survival analysis was performed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to identify the factors related to recovery time.
RESULTS
Among 113 infants, 66 (58.4%) had diaper dermatitis, with erythema at the perianal area being the most common symptom. The median recovery time was 10 days. Four infants (6.1%) had diaper dermatitis for >5 weeks. Severity was not related to recovery time.
CONCLUSIONS
A frequency of diaper changing of ≤10 times per day was a risk factor for recovery time. Our data showed recovery in approximately 10 days, regardless of severity at study enrollment. Health care professionals could inform parents of recovery time and recommended diaper changing frequency.
Topics: Child; Diaper Rash; Erythema; Humans; Infant; Infant Care; Prospective Studies; Skin
PubMed: 35652131
DOI: 10.1111/jjns.12492 -
Journal of Tissue Viability May 2024Traditions are cultural heritages, habits, knowledge, customs and behaviors that are passed from generation to generation and from society to society. In all societies,...
AIM
Traditions are cultural heritages, habits, knowledge, customs and behaviors that are passed from generation to generation and from society to society. In all societies, children are seen as the future of society. Knowledge from traditions is used in raising children. Traditional practices are often used for children in cases such as breastfeeding, salting, diaper rash, diarrhea and jaundice. The aim of this study is to determine traditional practices used in the treatment of children with diaper dermatitis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The research was conducted descriptively between June and August 2023. 81 children with diaper dermatitis were included in the sample. In the study conducted in a single stage, data were collected with a personal information form and Assessing the Severity of Uncomplicated Diaper Dermatitis in Infants Scale.
RESULTS
The age of the children was 16.12 ± 0.97 months and the average score of the Assessing the Severity of Uncomplicated Diaper Dermatitis in Infants Scale was 2.55 ± 0.14. It was determined that approximately half of the mothers received training on diaper dermatitis. It was determined that during diaper dermatitis, mothers used barrier cream containing zinc oxide at most 38.3% as a modern method, and olive oil at most 35.8% as a traditional method.
CONCLUSION
It was determined that traditional methods that do not harm health are generally used in children with diaper dermatitis. It is important to inform mothers and healthcare professionals about traditional practices for children and to support practices that do not negatively affect health.
Topics: Humans; Infant; Diaper Rash
PubMed: 38508917
DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2024.03.008 -
Journal of Cosmetic Science 2021The background of this article is to develop formulations consisting of natural raw materials that are effective in diaper rash by taking advantage of the medicinal...
The background of this article is to develop formulations consisting of natural raw materials that are effective in diaper rash by taking advantage of the medicinal properties of zinc oxide, natural oils, and beeswax. The purpose of this research was to determine the appropriate amounts of the constituents of the formulation and to determine the optimum formulation by comparing the margin of safety (MoS), and microbiological and physicochemical properties of the best formulation. For this purpose, parameters such as pH, rheological behavior, hydrophilic and lipophilic balance (HLB), zeta potential, and polydispersity index were analyzed and evaluated to determine the optimum formulation. Besides, microbiological reproduction and 3-month stability studies of the developed product were carried out, and it has been proven that the developed product maintains both microbiological and stability properties throughout its shelf life. Furt hermore, whether each raw material used in the selected optimum formulation remained within MoS values was evaluated according to exposure doses in the literature. Whether it maintains the desired properties throughout the shelf life was evaluated by stability studies. In this article, eight different zinc oxide-based formulations for preventing diaper rash were developed, and their physicochemical properties were examined to optimize cream formulations. baby barrier cream (BBC)-8 was chosen as the ideal formula by comparing all the parameters obtained as a result of the analysis. As a result of the optimization studies of the BBC-8 formulation, the pH value was 7.2, the viscosity property was pseudoplastic-type flow, the particle size was 533.2 nm ± 6.93, and the zeta potential was -30.9 mV ± 0.72. The theoretical safety assessment of each constituent has been made according to the European Union Cosmetics Directives. According to the calculations made on each raw material in BBC-8 according to the directives, the MoS value was found to be more than 230. For the stability studies, no microbiological growth was observed at the end of the 3-month stability studies at 25 and 40°C. In terms of the development of future natural cosmetic product formulations and the defi nition of "natural formulation," it gives hope to prepare a safer cosmetic product for baby rash creams that do not contain preservatives, perfumes, and dyes and consists of natural oils and zinc oxide.
Topics: Cosmetics; Emollients; Humans; Infant; Particle Size; Plant Oils; Zinc Oxide
PubMed: 35361323
DOI: No ID Found -
Experimental Dermatology Nov 2019The microbiological basis of diaper dermatitis has not been clearly elucidated; however, a better understanding of microbial colonization may be vital for developing... (Randomized Controlled Trial)
Randomized Controlled Trial
BACKGROUND
The microbiological basis of diaper dermatitis has not been clearly elucidated; however, a better understanding of microbial colonization may be vital for developing appropriate therapies.
METHODS
Using 16S-rRNA gene sequencing technology, we characterized and compared the bacterial communities obtained from the buttock skin sites of children with diaper dermatitis and from healthy controls. Bacterial diversity in the buttock lesion area and subsequent recovery after emollient treatment have been discussed herein.
RESULTS
In buttock skin of children with or without diaper dermatitis, Staphylococcus and Anaerococcus were predominant in the total skin microbiome. Compared with the healthy group, the overall skin bacterial richness and diversity were higher in children with diaper dermatitis, with the abundance of Proteobacteria being significantly higher. In the diaper dermatitis group, the richness of Enterococcus, Erwinia and Pseudomonas was significantly higher, and the levels of Clostridium and Actinomyces were significantly lower than those in healthy children. Richness of Staphylococcus aureus was significantly higher in the diaper dermatitis group, whereas that of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Bifidobacterium longum was lower. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus haemolyticus, the dominant species found in buttock skin, were observed to recover earlier after the disease had improved through emollient treatment.
CONCLUSION
Staphylococcus epidermidis, as skin probiotic bacterium, and B longum, Clostridium butyricum and Lactobacillus ruminis, which are intestinal probiotic bacteria, are significantly decreased in diaper dermatitis lesions. These changes in the buttock skin microflora indicate an imbalance in the microflora and suggest that the intestinal microflora may be undergoing dynamic changes. The results of this study suggest that probiotic bacterial supplementation may be useful in the treatment and prevention of diaper dermatitis.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Child, Preschool; China; Diaper Rash; Humans; Infant; Microbiota; Skin; Skin Cream
PubMed: 31472099
DOI: 10.1111/exd.14028 -
Pediatric Dermatology 2024Irritant diaper dermatitis is a common dermatologic problem among infants and young children. Severe erosive presentations, although uncommon, are diagnostically...
Irritant diaper dermatitis is a common dermatologic problem among infants and young children. Severe erosive presentations, although uncommon, are diagnostically challenging and can mimic non-accidental trauma (NAT). Diagnosing inflicted injury and NAT where it does not exist can cause parental distress, yet failing to diagnose inflicted injury and NAT can result in re-injury. We describe three cases of severe erosive diaper dermatitis in pediatric patients aged 2-6 years that were initially concerning for inflicted scald burn or neglect.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Child; Child, Preschool; Diaper Rash; Burns; Child Abuse; Diagnosis, Differential; Parents
PubMed: 37329293
DOI: 10.1111/pde.15374 -
International Journal of Environmental... Jan 2023Baby diaper rash is a common problem, especially allergic contact dermatitis, which could be due to heavy metals, pH, formaldehyde, or allergens in the diapers. This...
Baby diaper rash is a common problem, especially allergic contact dermatitis, which could be due to heavy metals, pH, formaldehyde, or allergens in the diapers. This study reports on the determination of formaldehyde, heavy metals (Pb, As, Co, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Mn, Sr, Fe, and Cd), and pH in diapers purchased from low-, medium-, and high-end stores. Inductively coupled plasma was used to determine the concentrations of heavy metals after extraction using artificial urine and artificial sweat. All heavy metals were found in all diapers except Sr, which was not found in sample M7. All samples had concentrations of heavy metals within the Oeko-Tex limits, except samples H2 and L2, whose Ni concentrations were above permissible limits. Fifty percent of diapers had a formaldehyde concentration above the Oeko-Tex recommended limits. The highest formaldehyde concentration of 17.62 mg/kg was found in diaper M2 and the lowest (ca. 10.4 mg/kg) in H1. All samples had pH values in the alkaline region, with only five samples having pH values within the recommended limits. The research concluded that the diaper rash experienced by some babies, among other factors, could be due to high alkaline skin pH and formaldehyde levels, which are higher than the Oeko-Tex recommended limits.
Topics: Infant; Humans; Diaper Rash; South Africa; Metals, Heavy; Dermatitis, Allergic Contact; Formaldehyde; Environmental Monitoring
PubMed: 36673779
DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20021023 -
Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Oct 2022Evaluation of circumcision bleeding cannot depend on the visual change in the diaper. Diapers have different product features and absorbency capacities. The apparent...
BACKGROUND
Evaluation of circumcision bleeding cannot depend on the visual change in the diaper. Diapers have different product features and absorbency capacities. The apparent changes in the diapers may vary according to their absorbent capacity and may not be in parallel with the amount of bleeding. Before significant visual difference occurs, the patient's hemodynamics may be impaired.
AIM
Aim of the study is to evaluate better circumcision bleeding.
PATIENTS AND METHODS
Patients were divided into groups according to 12 different brand diapers of the same size, containing super-absorbent material. The study started by 15/01/2022, and finished by end of 01/03/2022. Diapers with concealed brands were soaked with blood with equal hematocrit value in 100 ml with increments of 5 ml. 252 images were obtained by taking 21 images of each diaper with the same method. The diapers were evaluated colorimetrically, and numerical values were obtained showing the color differences in red, green, and blue and saturation and lightness. Working groups were formed according to 12 different brands of diapers of the same size, containing super-absorbent material. Standard statistical tests were performed using obtained values.
RESULT
: Dry diapers had different weights, volumes, and specific gravities; the diapers with the lowest unit weight were ranked ninth in terms of volume; the diapers with the highest specific gravity were ranked third in terms of thinness. There were significant differences in the blood on the diaper, and significant differences between some groups (p < 0.005); on the other hand, there was not any difference between some other groups (p > 0.05). There was a significant relationship in terms of Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) (P < 0.05 and P < 0.01). Visual graphic examination showed that linear but non-parallel color changes occurred. As the blood load increased, the visual and statistical differences between the diapers became more pronounced, and the curves diverged.
CONCLUSION
Visual evaluation of the color change of the diapers may not give accurate results for bleeding follow-up. If necessary to use diapers after circumcision, it is more appropriate to prefer those with low absorbency capacity. Using fabric or cotton products in cases with bleeding risk may be recommended. If bleeding is suspected, hemogram control is the most appropriate option. Diaper manufacturers should warn consumers of the risk. In conclusion, we should be on the safe side for mortality and morbidity.
Topics: Infant; Male; Child; Humans; Diaper Rash; Infant Care; Hemorrhage
PubMed: 36308243
DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_187_22 -
Nederlands Tijdschrift Voor Geneeskunde Feb 2023Diaper dermatitis in children is common and usually harmless. Often the cause is irritation, a secondary candida infection or eczema, for which treatment is simple and...
BACKGROUND
Diaper dermatitis in children is common and usually harmless. Often the cause is irritation, a secondary candida infection or eczema, for which treatment is simple and effective. In this paper we show that a therapy resistant diaper dermatitis can be the diagnostic clue to the rare but important diagnosis Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH).
CASE DESCRIPTION
We saw a 14 months old girl with therapy resistant diaper dermatitis, skin abnormalities on the hairy scalp, fever, otorrhea and extensive lymphadenopathy. After a long period of doctor visits, skin biopsies confirmed the diagnosis of LCH.
CONCLUSION
LCH is a rare condition that often manifests in the skin. LCH can manifest in different organs. Although skin involvement is sometimes considered as less relevant, cutaneous manifestations can be an important diagnostic clue. In this paper we show that diaper dermatitis is not always harmless: it can be a symptom of LCH.
Topics: Child; Female; Humans; Infant; Diaper Rash; Skin; Eczema; Scalp; Histiocytosis, Langerhans-Cell
PubMed: 36752661
DOI: No ID Found -
Journal of Pediatric Surgery Nov 2020To establish the cogency of recommendations for the appropriate age for pull-through and ileostomy closure in Total Colonic Aganglionosis-Hirschsprung Disease's (TCA-HD). (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
AIM
To establish the cogency of recommendations for the appropriate age for pull-through and ileostomy closure in Total Colonic Aganglionosis-Hirschsprung Disease's (TCA-HD).
METHOD
Medline, PubMed, Cochrane, and the ClinicalKey databases were searched without date restriction. The studies that reported TCA-HD cases were evaluated for the number of cases, age at the definitive procedure, age at the ileostomy closure, reported complications, and the type of procedure. Perianal excoriation and diaper rash rates were analyzed using SPSS software, with p < 0.05 considered significant.
RESULTS
Twenty-five studies mentioned TCA-HD findings between 1968 and 2019. The total number of patients who had definitive surgery was 218. Analysis showed no correlation between development of diaper rash and the age of the patient at the time of the definitive surgery or ileostomy closure. Studies scored between six and nine of nine possible stars on the NOS scoring system.
CONCLUSION
There is no correlation between age of surgery and postoperative diaper rash. Delaying the definitive procedure or ileostomy closure for TCA-HD has limited support on a review of current studies. The perianal excoriation/diaper rash is not reported in the literature at a high enough frequency to warrant keeping a diverting ileostomy until toilet trained of urine.
TYPE OF STUDY
Systematic review and meta-analysis. Levels of evidence IV.
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Hirschsprung Disease; Humans; Ileostomy; Infant; Postoperative Complications; Treatment Outcome
PubMed: 32106964
DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2020.02.007 -
Skin Research and Technology : Official... Mar 2021Infant diaper dermatitis (DD) is a prevalent condition due to multiple, interactive factors including increased skin hydration, irritant exposure, and increased skin pH....
BACKGROUND
Infant diaper dermatitis (DD) is a prevalent condition due to multiple, interactive factors including increased skin hydration, irritant exposure, and increased skin pH. We examined diaper dermatitis vs within diaper and non-diaper controls over time and characterized the association of skin color and texture relative to skin barrier integrity, hydration, and pH.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The prospective study included 46 infants with DD at well-child visits. Skin integrity was evaluated over 15 days, including visual skin condition, rate of stratum corneum transepidermal water accumulation, hydration, pH, and skin color and texture from high-resolution digital skin surface images. Effects by site and time were evaluated with general linear models.
RESULTS
Six distinct texture patterns were observed. All three sites differed significantly for texture class frequency. Normal dermatoglyphics were more frequent for non-diaper vs both within diaper and rash sites. Dermatoglyphics with marked furrows or lines (class 3) were common within diaper vs rash but not for non-diaper vs within diaper. Streaks were highest for DD and lowest for non-diaper. Flat regions were more frequent DD. Barrier integrity, that is, moisture accumulation rate, was lower for normal dermatoglyphics than streaks or flat texture. DD severity decreased over 15 days. Barrier properties of within diaper and non-diaper areas were not well-differentiated.
CONCLUSION
The incidence of streak texture in the within diaper high magnification images was high despite being visually normal. This finding suggests that it is an "early indicator" of skin damage and may be clinically useful for early detection and treatment.
Topics: Diaper Rash; Diapers, Infant; Epidermis; Humans; Infant; Prospective Studies; Skin
PubMed: 33085142
DOI: 10.1111/srt.12925